General Psychology Exam Solutions
Course Introduction
General Psychology offers a comprehensive introduction to the scientific study of behavior and mental processes. The course covers fundamental topics such as biological foundations of behavior, perception, learning, memory, development, emotion, motivation, personality, psychological disorders, and therapeutic approaches. Through exploring classic and contemporary research, students gain insight into how psychological principles apply to everyday life and develop critical thinking skills for understanding human thought and action.
Recommended Textbook
Psychology From Inquiry to Understanding 3rd Edition by Scott O. Lilienfeld
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32 Chapters
320 Verified Questions
320 Flashcards
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2
Chapter 1: Psychology and Scientific Thinking
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Sample Questions
Q1) If you were conducting a study designed to determine which type of psychotherapy is most effective in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder,what type of research would you employ?
A)Basic
B)Applied
C)Academic
D)Sociobiological
Answer: B
Q2) Time,expertise,and resources are all obstacles that
A)diminish skepticism.
B)diminish metaphysical claims.
C)increase reliance on authorities.
D)increase reliance on empiricism.
Answer: C
Q3) According to the authors,much of the knowledge from popular psychology sources
A)is consistent with the results of psychological research.
B)is contradicted by what psychological research has demonstrated.
C)is not able to be studied empirically.
D)is of no or very little interest to psychologists.
Answer: B
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Chapter 1: Exsetntion: Psychology and Scientific Thinking
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Q1) Professor Clark gives her students an assignment to develop hypotheses on global warming.To be consistent with a scientific method,students should develop their hypotheses based on A)their own existing beliefs about the issue.
B)reports discussed on television.
C)untestable predictions.
D)a well-supported scientific theory.
Answer: D
Q2) Dr.Wolpe designs an experimental test of his theory of aggression against a competing theory.After conducting the appropriate statistical tests,he finds that the data are better explained by the competing theory.His willingness to accept the evidence that another theory is superior is a characteristic of A)dogmatism.
B)gullibility.
C)pathological skepticism.
D)scientific skepticism.
Answer: D
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Chapter 2: Research Methods
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Q1) The variable that an experimenter assesses or measures to determine whether or not the manipulation has had an effect is the _____ variable.
A)causal
B)confounding
C)dependent
D)independent
Answer: C
Q2) A key factor to consider when reading about the results of a study on the Internet,in a newspaper,or in a news magazine is to
A)consider the source of the information.
B)determine how well it fits with what others have told you in the past.
C)rely on your common sense or "gut" intuition.
D)popular media outlets always have inaccurate information.
Answer: A
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Chapter 2: Exsetntion: Research Methods
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Q1) The _____ variable is what the experimenter "manipulates" or varies.
A)control
B)dependent
C)operational
D)independent
Q2) A mechanism by which experts in a field carefully screen the work of their colleagues is known as
A)experimental validity.
B)experimenter bias effect.
C)peer review.
D)peer assessment.
Q3) Ryan,a professional bass fisherman,is trying to determine which lure is most effective on Wakeby Lake-the plastic worm he normally uses,or the new minnow-style lure he bought yesterday.Based on this scenario,what would constitute the control?
A)The new minnow lure
B)The plastic worm
C)Neither the minnow lure nor the plastic worm
D)There is no control.
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6
Chapter 3: Biological Psychology
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Q1) Kayla and Layla are twins who were separated at birth.A researcher interested in studying heredity tracks them down and speaks to their different families about the benefits that can be achieved by studying the two young girls.The girls and their different sets of parents agree to participate,and studies begin assessing various areas of the girls' lives.In order for this type of twin study to be most effective,what kind of twins should Kayla and Layla be?
A)Conjoined
B)Monozygotic
C)Amorphous
D)Dizygotic
Q2) If Darren's brain is like that of most people,then fine-tuned language skills will be handled by his _____.
A)corpus callosum
B)occipital lobe
C)right cerebral hemisphere
D)left cerebral hemisphere
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Chapter 3: Exsetntion: Biological Psychology
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Q1) Marta was in an automobile accident and suffered an injury to her brain,resulting in paralysis of her left arm.What part of Marta's brain was injured?
A)Auditory association area
B)Motor cortex
C)Somatosensory cortex
D)Broca's area
Q2) If the heritability of a particular trait is found to be 60 percent,then by definition the other 40 percent is due to
A)random chance that impacts every organism.
B)prenatal environmental influences,such as toxins or viruses.
C)the effects of gene mutation.
D)differences in the individual's environment.
Q3) The flight-or-fight response is mobilized by the A)central nervous system.
B)somatic nervous system.
C)sympathetic nervous system.
D)parasympathetic nervous system.
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8
Chapter 4: Sensation and Perception
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Sample Questions
Q1) Clara,the psychic,is addressing her audience prior to the show.She notices that two of the audience members are wearing military uniforms.After a brief conversation with one of the soldiers,she suggests to him that he may be experiencing some doubt over recent events that took place.Which process is Clara engaging in?
A)Cold reading
B)Precognition
C)Telepathy
D)Clairvoyance
Q2) The somatosensory system responds to sensory information about
A)body position and equilibrium.
B)temperature,touch and pain.
C)taste and smell.
D)sound and vision.
Q3) Which of the following sensory difficulties is likely to be the most dangerous?
A)Blindness
B)Deafness
C)Loss of smell
D)Pain insensitivity
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9
Chapter 4: Exsetntion: Sensation and Perception
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Q1) _____ processing is conceptually driven and influenced by our beliefs and expectations.
A)Bottom-up
B)Parallel
C)Top-down
D)Sensory
Q2) Psychics are often viewed as accurate because they make general statements like,"A major celebrity will spend time in jail in 2007," and then we recall that Paris Hilton and Nicole Richie were sentenced to serve jail time in 2007.This is the psychic trick of A)clairvoyance.
B)cold reading.
C)failed psychic predictions.
D)multiple end points.
Q3) Rafael has a cold and plugged sinuses.These symptoms are most likely to affect A)his ability to listen to his Art History professor's lecture.
B)his enjoyment of the food at the university cafeteria.
C)his pain tolerance threshold.
D)his sense of balance.
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Chapter 5: Consciousness
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Q1) Enrico claims that déjà vu is evidence of a memory from one's past life.This claim violates which principle of critical thinking?
A)Falsifiability
B)Parsimony
C)Replicability
D)Ruling out rival hypotheses
Q2) The positive effects that have been noted when using hypnosis have been explained in a number of ways.One suggestion is that the relaxed state that accompanies a "hypnotic trance" is uniquely responsible for all of the effects.This reminds us of which principle of critical thinking from your book?
A)Replicability
B)Ruling out rival hypotheses
C)Correlation vs.causation
D)Falsifiability
Q3) Which of the following drugs is categorized as a depressant?
A)Cocaine
B)LSD
C)Alcohol
D)Marijuana
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Chapter 5: Exsetntion: Consciousness
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Q1) Which of the following conditions would you least like the pilot flying your airplane to have?
A)Enuresis
B)Sleep terror
C)Daytime insomnia
D)Narcolepsy
Q2) Although he knows that it is wrong,Sean has a crush on his new stepmom.He dreams of the two of them running away together and living happily ever after.What aspect of dreaming does this represent?
A)Activation-synthesis
B)Repressed desires
C)Wish fulfillment
D)Dream-work
Q3) We spend the greatest amount of time engaged in what altered state of consciousness?
A)Dreaming
B)Under the influence of drugs
C)Out-of-body experiences
D)Sleeping
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Chapter 6: Learning
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Q1) Which of the following is reflective of Seligman's research on conditioned taste aversion?
A)Once a taste aversion has been conditioned,it is relatively easily to extinguish.
B)Repeated pairings of the CS with the UCS are needed to produce a taste aversion.
C)Contrary to most classically conditioned reactions,only one pairing of the CS with the UCS is needed to produce a taste aversion.
D)If a taste aversion to mayonnaise has emerged,it is likely that an aversion to other creamy sauces will emerge.
Q2) A small chamber used in operant conditioning of animals that limits the available responses and,thus,increases the likelihood that the desired response will occur,is called a(n)_____ box.
A)trial
B)Skinner
C)Thorndike
D)operant
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Chapter 6: Exsetntion: Learning
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Q1) An animal trainer trying to teach a lion to perform tricks for circus.First,the lion is given food if he sits quietly on a chair.Next,the lion is given food if he raises one paw.Finally,the lion is given more food if he gives the trainer a "high-five." In this example,the lion is being trained by
A)negative reinforcement.
B)generalization.
C)punishment.
D)shaping.
Q2) Thorndike's Law of Effect is most closely associated with which operant conditioning principle?
A)Positive reinforcement
B)Punishment
C)Premack principle
D)Negative reinforcement
Q3) Which of the following statements about learning is true?
A)Learning and maturation are related but different concepts.
B)Learning does not involve changes in thinking.
C)Learning does not involve changes in behavior.
D)Learning can occur without having an experience.
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Page 14
Chapter 7: Memory
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Q1) In long-term memory,the _____ memory division does not require much effort or attention to recall information.
A)procedural
B)episodic
C)visual-spatial
D)prospective
Q2) With regard to the idea of patients' memories being shaped by suggestive psychotherapy techniques,psychologists
A)are in agreement that this frequently happens.
B)are in agreement that this rarely happens.
C)are divided about whether such memories are real or false memories.
D)need more evidence to demonstrate that false memories can be implanted.
Q3) "You should have seen it! First the car flipped over and then it exploded! I will never forget it!" What type of memory may have just formed in this eyewitness?
A)Flashbulb
B)Implicit
C)Semantic
D)Procedural
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15
Chapter 7: Exsetntion: Memory
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Q1) While attempting to visit a friend in Boston,Enrique is struggling with his friend's directions.They go something like this: "Turn left at the ball park,right at the movie theater,go around the mall,and make a left turn." The directions are almost meaningless,because Enrique has never been to Boston before.Which of the following provides the best explanation for the breakdown in communication?
A)Enrique is experiencing retroactive interference.
B)Enrique is experiencing the recency effect.
C)Enrique does not have a schema to attach the new information to.
D)Enrique is trying to process too much information at one time.
Q2) An adult is able to remember that CIA stands for "Central Intelligence Agency," and yet a child is not.Why is this,according to your text?
A)Because at some point in our life,we will probably have some interaction with the CIA,or know someone who's had an interaction with them.
B)Because as we age,our conceptual understanding increases.
C)Because we have more exposure to movies and television shows where the CIA is present.
D)Because children do not watch news programs,which is where the CIA is usually mentioned.
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Chapter 8: Thinking, Reasoning, and Language
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Q1) Much of our language use serves non-informational purposes,such as
A)establishing or maintaining social relationships.
B)telling the barista that we want a skim latte.
C)advising a friend what time to show up at a party.
D)providing directions to an event.
Q2) People with cancer tend to be more optimistic if their doctor says "You are 90% certain to survive" as opposed to "There is a 1 in 10 chance you will die." This is an example of
A)poor bedside manners.
B)a heuristic.
C)framing information.
D)developing a healthful concept.
Q3) E-mail can often lead to misunderstandings.This is because
A)it lacks extralinguistic information.
B)people misspell more often with e-mail than with pen-and-paper writing.
C)of decreasing literacy levels.
D)most people read e-mail more rapidly than other written forms.
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Chapter 8: Exsetntion: Thinking, Reasoning, and Language
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Q1) It is possible to increase both our reading speed and comprehension,as long as our speed does not exceed _____ words per minute.
A)100
B)200
C)300
D)400
Q2) Fred is on a popular TV game show where you can win $1,000,000.He is currently at $16,000 and is not totally certain if he knows the answer to the $32,000 question.His decision could be influenced if the host says "You can take the $16,000 and go home,and that's a lot of money," or "$32,000 is way more money than $16,000." There is a tendency for the contestants to do whatever the host suggests,and Fred will probably be no different.This is the effect of
A)an availability heuristic.
B)a representativeness heuristic.
C)an additive strategy.
D)framing.
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18
Chapter 9: Intelligence and IQ Testing
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Q1) Sterilization laws beginning in the early 1900s remained on the books in the United States until the
A)1940s.
B)1950s.
C)1960s.
D)1970s.
Q2) If you want to preserve your level of intelligence,which of the following should you be most concerned with?
A)A hard blow to the side of your head
B)A hard blow to the back of your head
C)A hard blow to the front of your head
D)A hard blow to any part of the head will have the same impact on intelligence.
Q3) What type of thinking could be described as taking different directions in search of a variety of answers to a question?
A)Decisive
B)Convergent
C)Heuristic
D)Divergent
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19
Chapter 9: Exsetntion: Intelligence and IQ Testing
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Q1) In the 1980s,political scientist James Flynn observed that the IQs of Americans were rising at a rate of about _____ point(s)per decade.
A)1
B)2
C)3
D)4
Q2) Which subdivision of the cortex is most active on tasks involving planning,reasoning,and short-term memory?
A)Parietal cortex
B)Temporal lobes
C)Prefrontal cortex
D)Occipital cortex
Q3) Twelve-year-old Arnold received an IQ test score of 75.What is his mental age?
A)9
B)10
C)5
D)7
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Page 20
Chapter 10: Human Development
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Q1) Which of the following statements is illustrative of the post hoc fallacy?
A)Believing that because most professional athletes lift weights,weightlifting produces professional athletes
B)Believing that because someone is muscular in body type,she is more likely to become a professional athlete
C)Believing that because someone is specially trained,he is more likely to become a professional athlete
D)Believing that because someone has benefited from the best coaching,she will have a good chance of becoming a professional athlete
Q2) In several of his movies,actor Adam Sandler has achieved fame by playing buffoons whose _____ ages were clearly far behind their _____ ages.
A)social; chronological
B)adolescent; adult
C)mental; social
D)chronological; mental
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21
Chapter 10: Exsetntion: Human Development
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Q1) 16-year old Brenda's parents are political conservatives,while she identifies more with liberal political views.When asked her political orientation,Brenda seems uncertain and does not respond.Brenda is dealing with the _____ crisis.
A)industry versus inferiority
B)autonomy versus shame and doubt
C)ego integrity versus despair
D)identity versus role confusion
Q2) Cross-sectional research studies gather data from many people who are of the same age,and compare them to others who are at a different age,and thus a different level of development.The name for a group of people who are the same age and thus were raised during the same time period is a(n)_____.
A)cohort
B)experimental subject group
C)control group
D)schema
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22
Chapter 11: Emotion and Motivation
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Q1) According to the glucostatic theory,the level of _____ is a primary control mechanism for the regulation of hunger.
A)lipids in the liver
B)glucose in the blood
C)metabolites in the pancreas
D)phospholipids in the spleen
Q2) Which best characterizes the correlation between income and subjective feelings of happiness?
A)Negative,but weak
B)Positive and strong
C)Negligible
D)Positive,but modest
Q3) Types of gestures and movements that can display our emotions are called
A)facial feedback.
B)nonverbal leakage.
C)mere exposure.
D)primary emotions.
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Chapter 11: Exsetntion: Emotion and Motivation
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Q1) "Look at those two,they can't keep their hands off of each other! They've only been on two dates,and they barely know each other!" What type of love is being depicted?
A)Companionate
B)Infatuation
C)Committed
D)Intimate
Q2) According to the discrete emotions theory,emotions _____.
A)differ significantly across cultures
B)are independent of physiological responses at all
C)exist to serve evolutionary functions
D)are found only in civilized cultures
Q3) Little Denny is listening to Grandpa Joe talk about the "good old days." How is Grandpa Joe likely to be feeling?
A)Tired
B)Sad
C)Happy
D)Nostalgic
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Chapter 12: Stress, Coping, and Health
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Q1) Research has found that the body's immune system can attack your own body parts,leading to all but which of the following conditions?
A)Arthritis
B)AIDS
C)Multiple sclerosis
D)Diabetes
Q2) Melissa's mother was recently diagnosed with leukemia.As a result,Melissa is now required to take care of all of her mother's personal needs and manage her financial affairs.Melissa is already a full-time student,and is also the primary caregiver for her son.However,Melissa has an attitude that things could be worse.She is confident that she will get through this crisis.Thus,she is displaying
A)self-enhancement.
B)rumination.
C)hardiness.
D)self-confidence.
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Chapter 12: Exsetntion: Stress, Coping, and Health
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Q1) Jayci lost her husband,daughter,and home in a widespread wildfire in California.To overcome this ordeal,she turns to old friends and support groups set up in the community for emotional comfort,information,companionship,advice,and financial assistance.This relationship is known as
A)coping.
B)camaraderie.
C)networking.
D)social support.
Q2) In which stage of the general adaptation syndrome has the body reached the limits of its ability to adapt to stress,which may result in the development of stress-related diseases?
A)Alarm
B)Collapse
C)Exhaustion
D)Resistance
Q3) The Type A behavior pattern is a significant predictor of _____.
A)mental illness
B)coronary heart disease
C)cancer
D)respiratory illnesses
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Chapter 13: Social Psychology
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Q1) When their friend Vincent was walking down the hall after a pleasant conversation,Neil and Michaela watched as he suddenly tripped and fell to the floor,scattering his schoolbooks all over the hallway.They ran over to him,helped him pick up his books,and commented,"I didn't know that the floor was so slippery in this part of the hall!" Neil and Michaela have made a _____ attribution to explain why Vincent fell over.
A)dispositional
B)assistive
C)situational
D)cooperative
Q2) Marika was confronted by the jealous girlfriend of a guy that Marika had dated.She backed down from the confrontation and fled the scene.Later,she asked several others what they would have done in that type of a situation,and they agreed that they would have done the same thing.Marika felt better.This is an example of
A)fundamental attribution theory.
B)social comparison theory.
C)collective delusions.
D)mass hysteria.
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Chapter 13: Exsetntion: Social Psychology
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Q1) A group of chemists,who have been working together on a new diet pill for the last four years,met to discuss their new drug.Over the years,they have all come to respect each other and have formed a close bond.Upon discussing the effectiveness and safety of the diet pill,many members of the group found themselves agreeing with most of the comments that were made.Somewhere along the way,no one seemed to pay much attention to the fact that some of the subjects in the clinical trials of that drug became ill.It seemed that because nobody wanted to disrespect anyone else,the topic of ill subjects was dropped.What psychological phenomenon occurred here?
A)Social facilitation
B)Group polarization
C)Groupthink
D)Social loafing
Q2) You get on an elevator.Everyone is facing to the right.You turn and also face to the right.This is an example of A)obedience.
B)comparison.
C)attribution.
D)conformity.
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Chapter 14: Personality
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Q1) Which of the following is NOT one of the dimensions of the Big Five?
A)Conscientiousness
B)Extraversion
C)Openness to experience
D)Sociability
Q2) The MMPI and MMPI-2 are personality tests that are designed to
A)detect individual differences in personality patterns.
B)detect symptoms of mental disorders.
C)detect relationships between body types and personality patterns.
D)detect differences in interpretation of ambiguous stimuli.
Q3) Cailee and Rick's parents take them to church every week.What type of influence on personality is being exhibited?
A)Genetic
B)Nonshared environmental
C)Shared environmental
D)Sociological
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Chapter 14: Exsetntion: Personality
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Q1) The book suggests that criminal profiling can fall victim to A)social durability bias.
B)the P.T.Barnum effect.
C)confirmation bias.
D)projective hypotheses.
Q2) Which of the following represents a shared environmental influence?
A)Todd and Vie both receive 5 dollars for each "A" they earn on their report cards.
B)Taryn has chores to do around the house.
C)June goes to ballet,while Mitch is at football.
D)Eli gets to go to sleepaway camp while Jonah gets to stay home for camp.
Q3) According to Freud,habits such as smoking or overeating could result from a fixation in the _____ stage.
A)oral
B)anal
C)genital
D)phallic
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Chapter 15: Psychological Disorders
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Q1) A key idea in the discussion on the universality versus diversity in psychiatric diagnoses was that
A)all disorders are found throughout all cultures of the world.
B)many psychiatric disorders are similar across cultures.
C)most psychiatric disorders are unique to specific cultures and relatively unknown in others.
D)psychiatric disorders found in the United States and European countries are often unknown in many African and Asian cultures.
Q2) False beliefs held by a person who has no evidence to support such beliefs are known as _____.
A)delusions
B)hallucinations
C)obsessions
D)compulsions
Q3) Which psychological disorder has the strongest evidence for a genetic link?
A)Antisocial personality disorder
B)Bipolar disorder
C)Obsessive-compulsive disorder
D)Schizophrenia
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Chapter 15: Exsetntion: Psychological Disorders
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Q1) Any pattern of behavior that causes people significant distress,is uncommon in society,and/or harms their ability to function in daily life,may indicate the presence of
A)a mental disorder
B)humors
C)stress syndrome
D)adaptive behavior
Q2) Dr.Brown has been invited to speak at a prestigious psychological conference on the topic of autism.He will talk on the current scientific knowledge regarding this disorder.What is a key point you would expect him to make based on the authors' discussion of the disorder in the chapter?
A)The apparent surge in diagnoses of autism is linked to important changes in diagnostic practices.
B)There is an autism epidemic,and psychologists have no real insights into the dramatic increase.
C)The dramatic increase in diagnoses of autism is directly related to the mumps,measles,and rubella vaccine.
D)The dramatic increase in autism diagnoses is a result of overdiagnosis rather than a real increase and epidemic.
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Chapter 16: Psychological and Biological Treatments
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Q1) Which of the following professionals is trained as a medical doctor and may be found working in either private practice or in a hospital setting?
A)Clinical psychologist
B)Clinical social worker
C)Mental health counselor
D)Psychiatrist
Q2) John slipped up last night at the party and had a glass of wine.He called his relapse prevention therapist immediately,who told him it was okay,and that he needed to refocus on his sobriety and what led him to take that drink in the first place.John needed this validation and support to avoid
A)the abstinence violation effect.
B)the difference violation effect.
C)the resistance violation effect.
D)the continence violation effect.
Q3) Rico suffers from bipolar disorder.His psychiatrist will most likely prescribe
A)Lithium.
B)Prozac.
C)Ritalin.
D)Thorazine.
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Page 33
Chapter 16: Exsetntion: Psychological and Biological Treatments
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Q1) In what brand of psychotherapy would a clinical psychologist attempt to uncover the underlying unconscious conflicts and impulses that are the cause of one's psychological difficulties?
A)Behavioral
B)Cognitive-behavioral
C)Humanistic
D)Psychoanalytic/psychodynamic
Q2) Your friend Maria asks you why seeing a mental health professional rather than a paraprofessional may be a better choice.You explain that A)professional helpers appreciate the complex ethical,professional,and personal issues.
B)professional helpers understand how to operate ineffectively within the mental health system.
C)professional helpers are less confident,less defensive,and better able to appreciate clients' world view.
D)professional helpers provide services in crisis intervention centers and other social service agencies.
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