Course Introduction
General Psychology Exam Preparation Guide
General Psychology offers a comprehensive introduction to the scientific study of human behavior and mental processes. This course covers foundational topics such as biological bases of behavior, learning, memory, perception, development, motivation, emotion, personality, and psychological disorders. Through exploration of key theories, research methods, and significant findings, students gain an understanding of how psychological principles apply to everyday life and the diversity of human experience. The course also emphasizes critical thinking and the application of psychology to personal growth and social issues.
Recommended Textbook
The World of Psychology 7th Canadian Edition by by Samuel
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14 Chapters
3875 Verified Questions
3875 Flashcards
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Page 2
E. Wood
Chapter 1: Introduction to Psychology
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243 Verified Questions
243 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is a representative sample, and why is it essential in a survey?
Answer: A representative sample is one that includes important subgroups in the same proportion as they are found in the larger population. A representative sample should reflect the economic, ethnic, cultural, sexual diversity, etc. of the target population.
Q2) Validity is the test's ability to measure what it is intended to measure.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) How did behaviourism differ from previous schools of psychology?
Answer: Behaviourism differs from previous schools of psychology in that it confined itself to the study of behaviour because it was observable and measurable and objective and scientific. Emphasized that behaviour is determined primarily by factors in the environment.
Q4) Which of the following statements is not true about an experimental group?
A) It should be similar to a control group.
B) It is exposed only to the dependent variable
C) At the end of the experiment, it is measured on the dependent variable.
D) It is exposed to thedependent variable.
Answer: B
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Chapter 2: Biology and Behaviour
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Sample Questions
Q1) The parasympathetic nervous system helps bring body functions back to normal after an emergency situation has occurred.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) While walking down a dark street, you hear footsteps behind you. This results in the activation of the
A) homeostatic nervous system.
B) sympathetic nervous system
C) parasympathetic nervous system.
D) central nervous system.
Answer: B
Q3) The area of the brain that consists of the medulla, pons and reticular formation is known as the:
A) cerebral cortex.
B) midbrain.
C) brainstem
D) limbic system.
Answer: C
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Sensation and Perception
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Sample Questions
Q1) Sensory adaptation is likely to occur in the presence of the odour of a skunk.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) Taste receptors have a very short life span and are continually being replaced.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) How does the sensation of a handshake get conveyed to our brain?
Answer: When an object touches and depresses the skin, stimulating one or more of the several distinct types of receptors in the nerve ending. These sensitive nerve endings in the skin send the touch message through nerve connections to the spinal cord. The message travel up the spinal cord and through the brainstem and the midbrain, finally reaching the brain's somatosensory cortex in the parietal lobes..
Q4) Pitch is measured in hertz; loudness in decibels.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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5
Chapter 4: States of Conciousness
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following occurs during REM sleep?
A) Slower and irregular respiration
B) Lower blood pressure
C) Paralysis of the large muscles
D) Decreased brain activity
Q2) The vivid dreams we remember and talk about are REM dreams.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of the following reflects one of the known differences in dream content between men and women?
A) Men dream about street scenes and tool usage more than women
B) Women dream about sunny vacation destinations more than men.
C) Men's dreams are more vivid than those of women.
D) Women dream about sexual encounters more than men.
Q4) Stimulants do each of the following except
A) make a person feel more alert and energetic.
B) suppress appetite.
C) increase the body's store of energy
D) increase blood pressure, heart rate and respiration rate.
Q5) How are sleepwalking and sleep terrors similar, and how are they different?
Page 6
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Chapter 5: Learning
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Sample Questions
Q1) One account of why poverty is so difficult to overcome suggests that people living in poverty have given up, perceiving that their condition is inescapable. This explanation sounds most like
A) avoidance learning.
B) the consequences of punishment.
C) learned helplessness
D) the magnitude of punishment effect.
Q2) What technique can be used when the behaviour desired from an organism is complex and not one that is likely to occur naturally?
A) Aversive conditioning
B) Shaping
C) Flooding
D) Extinction
Q3) How does punishment compare and contrast with negative reinforcement?
Q4) Carl has just had a bad experience in a restaurant. He has found a piece of dirty cloth in his soup and now whenever he drives past what used to be his favourite restaurant he feels ill. Describe what has caused his experience using the terms of classical conditioning.
Q5) What is learned helplessness?
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Chapter 6: Memory
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is the best example of a test question involving recall?
A) Essay questions
B) True-false questions
C) Multiple-choice questions
D) Matching questions
Q2) Remembering the order of the nine planets by using the sentence "Mary's Violet Eyes Make John Stay Up Nights Pondering" is an example of memory improvement through the
A) method of loci.
B) link method.
C) first-letter technique
D) pegword system.
Q3) Who invented the nonsense syllable, conceived the relearning method for testing retention and plotted the curve of forgetting?
A) H.E. Burtt
B) George Sperling
C) Hermann Ebbinghaus
D) Frederick Bartlett
Q4) What are the seven causes that prompt forgetting?
Q5) What are the roles of encoding, storage, and retrieval in remembering?
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Chapter 7: Cognition, Language, and Intelligence
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345 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The linguistic relativity hypothesis says that A) language largely determines thought
B) language makes thought relative.
C) thought largely determines language.
D) thought makes language relative.
Q2) The formation of concepts involves the development of the best or clearest examples of such categories, called A) heuristics.
B) anomalies.
C) prototypes
D) syllogisms.
Q3) People who suggest that individuals who only speak French have a different way of thinking about the world around them than those who speak only English, because of their language, are using the A) nativist language theory.
B) argument for bilingualism.
C) linguistic relativity hypothesis
D) language acquisition device.
Q4) Define language
Q5) What did Wechsler's tests provide that the Stanford-Binet did not?
Page 9
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Chapter 8: Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) The first of Jean Piaget's cognitive stages is called
A) formal operations.
B) concrete operations.
C) sensorimotor
D) preoperational.
Q2) Describe the research on attachment conducted by Mary Ainsworth and by Harry Harlow, including the design of the studies and the research findings.
Q3) What does Carol Gilligan object to in Kohlberg's moral reasoning theory?
Q4) Alexander, an 18-month-old toddler, is left by his father with his usual sitter. Within a few minutes he is screaming, flailing his arms and legs, and apparently inconsolable. Alexander is experiencing
A) stranger anxiety.
B) accommodation.
C) insecure attachment.
D) separation anxiety
Q5) What are the physical changes associated with middle age?
Q6) Only heavy use of alcohol by pregnant women poses a danger to the unborn child.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 9: Motivation and Emotion
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Sample Questions
Q1) Peter Suedfeld found that his method of sensory deprivation, called REST, was able to
A) develop a new awareness of the roles of sensory experiences for humans.
B) help people gain control over addictions
C) promote healthier attitudes about environmental noises.
D) produce hallucinations people faster than the earlier developed methods.
Q2) How does Maslow's hierarchy of needs explain motivation?
Q3) What is the drive-reduction theory of motivation?
Q4) Murray developed the Thematic Apperception Test to assess differing degrees of social motives in people.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Ginny works for Friendly Airlines and spends her day smiling at passengers. According to the facial-feedback hypothesis, smiling should
A) make her job more stressful.
B) make her feel happier
C) notfluence her feelings of happiness.
D) make her feel less happy.
Q6) How are the Cannon-Bard theory and Lazarus theory of emotion different?
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Chapter 10: Social Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) How are the initial attitudes of the group likely to affect group decision making?
Q2) Which best describes the effects of the presence of others on performance?
A) Performance on easy tasks is usually impaired.
B) Performance usually improves on tasks on which we are unskilled or on difficult tasks.
C) Performance improves on all tasks.
D) Performance is usually impaired on tasks at which we are unskilled or on difficult tasks
Q3) Which of the following is best supported by research on interpersonal attraction?
A) Similarities between people is more important relationship formation
B) Proximity is the number one reason for people being attracted to each other.
C) The matching hypothesis suggests opposites attract.
D) Complimentary needs are the most critical factors relationship formation.
Q4) List and explain four factors involved in interpersonal attraction.
Q5) Describe the concept of stereotypes?
Q6) Describe and compare conformity and compliance.
Q7) Briefly describe the conditions that make an individual more like to be recipient of help.
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Page 12
Chapter 11: Personality Theory and Assessment
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314 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Humanistic theories have been criticized for all of the following except
A) viewing human nature as beingherently good.
B) being overly optimistic.
C) being unscientific.
D) studying the positive emotions
Q2) According to Freud, what part of the personality takes account of the external world and directs behaviour so as to satisfy the demands of the id?
A) Superego
B) Id
C) Ego
D) Conscious
Q3) Cattell thought the personality of an individual reflects the degree to which he or she possesses certain
A) primary traits.
B) cardinal traits.
C) source traits
D) core traits.
Q4) What are the main types of traits in Allport's theory, and how are they different from each other?
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Chapter 12: Health and Stress
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to the cognitive theory of stress, it is not the stressor that causes the stress, but
A) the way theformation is processed.
B) the memory of the previous encounter with the stressor.
C) the body's reaction to the stressor.
D) the person's perception of the stressor
Q2) For a minority group stress is the result of racist attitudes, discrimination, or any other overt form of racism, but not the mere fact of minority status.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Research has suggested that excessive optimism is a form of denial that actually hinders immune system activity.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What has research shown to be most related to increased stress?
A) Predictability and control over the stressor
B) Predictability of the stressor
C) Unpredictability of the stressor
D) Unpredictability and lack of control over the stressor
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Chapter 13: Psychology Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) The most common form of seasonal affective disorder is related to light.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Donald continues to "hear" the voice of a being from another planet, who sends messages encouraging him to perform bizarre actions. Donald experiences A) illusions.
B) obsessions.
C) delusions.
D) hallucinations
Q3) Paul experiences periods during which he is extremely hyperactive, euphoric, and wildly optimistic. He just invested his entire life savings in a foolish get-rich-quick scheme, and he is sure he will become a millionaire overnight. Paul suffers from A) schizophrenia.
B) obsessive-compulsive disorder.
C) bipolar disorder
D) dissociative disorder.
Q4) Compare and contrast the main characteristics of catatonic, disorganized, and paranoid schizophrenia.
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Page 15
Chapter 14: Therapies
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following was a major treatment breakthrough for people with schizophrenia in the mid-1950s to the early 1990s?
A) Drugs
B) ECT
C) Education
D) Surgery
Q2) What is exposure and response prevention, and how is it used to treat people with obsessive compulsive disorder?
Q3) Which of the following is not a case of applying operant conditioning principles to therapy?
A) Token economies
B) Reinforcement for desirable behaviour
C) Aversive conditioning
D) Time out
Q4) In rational-emotive therapy, the therapist's role is to create a warm, accepting climate in which clients are free to experience growth.
A)True
B)False
Q5) How cognitive therapies attempt to help people?
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