General Psychology
Exam Materials
Course Introduction
General Psychology introduces students to the scientific study of behavior and mental processes, providing an overview of major theories, research methods, and key concepts in the field. Topics include biological foundations of behavior, perception, learning, memory, development, motivation, emotion, personality, psychological disorders, therapy, and social interaction. The course emphasizes critical thinking and the application of psychological principles to everyday life, preparing students for further study in psychology and related disciplines.
Recommended Textbook
Psychology From Inquiry to Understanding 3rd Edition by Scott O. Lilienfeld
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320 Verified Questions
320 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Psychology and Scientific Thinking
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Sample Questions
Q1) In the natural world,there often are many different factors associated with the occurrence of a particular outcome.Therefore it is important that we as critical thinkers _____ whenever possible.
A)create unfalsifiable theories
B)propose complex statements of causation
C)remember that correlation equals causation
D)rule out rival hypotheses
Answer: D
Q2) Nico is meeting with his academic advisor.He wishes to pursue a career where he'll work to diagnose and treat mental disorders.Nico aspires to be a(n)
A)clinical psychologist.
B)experimental psychologist.
C)forensic psychologist.
D)school psychologist.
Answer: A
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Chapter 1: Exsetntion: Psychology and Scientific Thinking
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Q1) Curtis is considering buying a new workout machine that promises weight loss at twice the rate of other machines.When Curtis questioned such a claim with the manufacturer,the customer service representative stated this was a new system and previous research on weight loss was not applicable.This example illustrates which warning sign of pseudoscience?
A)Evasion of peer review
B)Absence of connectivity
C)Overreliance on anecdotes
D)Lack of self-correction
Answer: B
Q2) Dr.Wolpe designs an experimental test of his theory of aggression against a competing theory.After conducting the appropriate statistical tests,he finds that the data are better explained by the competing theory.His willingness to accept the evidence that another theory is superior is a characteristic of A)dogmatism.
B)gullibility.
C)pathological skepticism.
D)scientific skepticism.
Answer: D
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4
Chapter 2: Research Methods
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Q1) The peer review process is designed to
A)block alternative therapies from being made available to the general public.
B)identify flaws in a research study's methods,findings,and conclusions.
C)make researchers feel bad when their article is not published.
D)place obstacles in front of people whose theories differ from mainstream science.
Answer: B
Q2) Dr.Johansen randomly assigned subjects to three different groups during her last experiment.She then proceeded to give all the participants in the experiment a new study technique designed to enhance their learning for the upcoming test.What critical error did she make during her experiment?
A)She failed to identify the independent variable.
B)She failed to identify the dependent variable.
C)She failed to include an experimental group.
D)She failed to include a control group.
Answer: D
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5
Chapter 2: Exsetntion: Research Methods
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Q1) A major limitation in reading about the results of psychological research in the newspaper is that
A)reporters provide too much detailed information about the research study that the general public cannot comprehend in their articles.
B)reporters are so well-trained to discuss research that they cannot easily communicate about it with the average lay person.
C)reporters create controversy where none exists by treating scientific evidence and dissenter's biased opinions as equally compelling.
D)reporters do not know how to identify experts to interview for many of their stories,and end up unintentionally misleading the public.
Q2) A mechanism by which experts in a field carefully screen the work of their colleagues is known as
A)experimental validity.
B)experimenter bias effect.
C)peer review.
D)peer assessment.
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Chapter 3: Biological Psychology
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Q1) A cell in the human nervous system whose primary function is to help form myelin and the blood-brain barrier,respond to injury,remove debris,and enhance learning and memory is called a(n)_____ cell.
A)epidermal
B)adipose
C)glial
D)polypeptide-Y
Q2) Andy has decided to seek medical help for mood disturbances and appetite problems.Which neurotransmitter is most likely involved in the problems Andy is experiencing?
A)GABA
B)Dopamine
C)Serotonin
D)Acetycholine
Q3) If Darren's brain is like that of most people,then fine-tuned language skills will be handled by his _____.
A)corpus callosum
B)occipital lobe
C)right cerebral hemisphere
D)left cerebral hemisphere
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Chapter 3: Exsetntion: Biological Psychology
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Q1) Which of the following statements is true?
A)Many parts of the brain appear to have no useful function in today's world.
B)Losses of small areas of certain parts of the brain rarely cause devastating,often permanent,losses of function.
C)All the brain areas become active on brain scans at one time or another as we think,feel,and perceive.
D)Every part of the brain has a redundant backup,which is why brain injuries are so rarely serious.
Q2) Marta was in an automobile accident and suffered an injury to her brain,resulting in paralysis of her left arm.What part of Marta's brain was injured?
A)Auditory association area
B)Motor cortex
C)Somatosensory cortex
D)Broca's area
Q3) The flight-or-fight response is mobilized by the
A)central nervous system.
B)somatic nervous system.
C)sympathetic nervous system.
D)parasympathetic nervous system.
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Page 8
Chapter 4: Sensation and Perception
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Q1) Pete has played lead guitar in a rock band for years.He often would turn the volume on his guitar way up and spend a great deal of time in front of the speakers during the shows.His resulting hearing loss over the past few years is most likely the result of
A)conductive deafness.
B)nerve deafness.
C)noise-induced hearing loss.
D)tinnitus.
Q2) Which of the following sensory difficulties is likely to be the most dangerous?
A)Blindness
B)Deafness
C)Loss of smell
D)Pain insensitivity
Q3) When light enters the eye,it first passes through what structure?
A)Cornea
B)Lens
C)Pupil
D)Sclera
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Page 9
Chapter 4: Exsetntion: Sensation and Perception
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Q1) A disorder of the inner ear would be most likely to impact our A)equilibrium.
B)hearing.
C)sense of pain.
D)sense of smell.
Q2) The name given to the sense of our body position is A)gustation.
B)proprioception.
C)somatosensory sense.
D)the vestibular sense.
Q3) The monocular cue of _____ is being used when an artist places trees in front of riders to create a sense of depth when the picture is viewed.
A)interposition
B)light and shadow
C)linear perspective
D)relative size
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10
Chapter 5: Consciousness
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Q1) Even though sleep research suggests that most college students require approximately _____ hours of sleep nightly,they often get only _____ hours.
A)7; 6
B)9; 6
C)9; 8
D)10; 8
Q2) Which of the following statements might help you determine if an individual has narcolepsy?
A)"I sometimes fall into a deep sleep in the middle of a conversation."
B)"I don't have an adverse reaction to sleeping pills."
C)"I have difficulty getting to sleep."
D)"When I get up in the morning,I have the feeling that I had really bad nightmares."
Q3) Enrico claims that déjà vu is evidence of a memory from one's past life.This claim violates which principle of critical thinking?
A)Falsifiability
B)Parsimony
C)Replicability
D)Ruling out rival hypotheses
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Chapter 5: Exsetntion: Consciousness
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Q1) Which of the following conditions would you least like the pilot flying your airplane to have?
A)Enuresis
B)Sleep terror
C)Daytime insomnia
D)Narcolepsy
Q2) Which theorist,attempting to explain what dreams are all about,suggested that there are two levels of content to each dream-the manifest content and the latent content.
A)Freud
B)Cartwright
C)Domhoff
D)Van de Castle
Q3) The need to take a drug in order to avoid withdrawal symptoms is an indication of
A)a craving
B)tolerance
C)psychological dependence
D)physical dependence
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Page 12
Chapter 6: Learning
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Sample Questions
Q1) You wake up at three o'clock in the morning,craving a glass of water.You get out of bed and walk to the kitchen but you do not turn on the light.Your ability to successfully navigate her house in the dark is due to the presence of
A)a cognitive map.
B)vicarious learning.
C)insight learning.
D)sleep learning.
Q2) Which of the following represents the findings of David Premack?
A)Disallowing a child to have ice cream because he/she did not eat his/her vegetables
B)Allowing a child to have ice cream only if he/she eats his/her vegetables
C)Allowing a child to have ice cream even if he/she does not eat their vegetables
D)Allowing the child to have an extra ice cream cone if he/she dislikes the first cone
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Chapter 6: Exsetntion: Learning
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Q1) The situation of a student's final grade improving one letter grade for every three books read represents which schedule of reinforcement?
A)Fixed interval
B)Fixed ratio
C)Variable interval
D)Variable ratio
Q2) Which theorist is responsible for suggesting that the distribution of phobias in the human population can be explained by biological preparedness?
A)Breland
B)Garcia
C)Seligman
D)Tolman
Q3) Thorndike's Law of Effect is most closely associated with which operant conditioning principle?
A)Positive reinforcement
B)Punishment
C)Premack principle
D)Negative reinforcement
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Chapter 7: Memory
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Q1) When one attempts to recreate a retrieval environment that is as similar as possible to the initial encoding,or learning,environment as possible,he or she is making use of the principle of
A)distributed practice.
B)encoding specificity.
C)parsimony.
D)priming.
Q2) According to your textbook,some proponents of Scientology have suggested that negative statements overheard by fetuses,embryos,and even zygotes can be "reactivated" in adulthood,triggering low self-esteem and psychology difficulties.The research,however,has failed to support these claims.Which principle of critical thinking is best demonstrated by this example?
A)Occam's razor
B)Replicability
C)Extraordinary claims
D)Correlation vs.causation
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Chapter 7: Exsetntion: Memory
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Q1) It is believed the _____ memory system may handle automatic remembering,while the _____ memory system requires conscious effort.
A)depth; elaborative
B)prospective; retrospective
C)primacy; recency
D)implicit; explicit
Q2) Roseanne claims that she can remember instances of childhood sexual abuse that started at 6 months of age.Why are most psychologists likely to be skeptical of this and other such claims?
A)Because decay leads to almost immediate forgetting of newly learned information.
B)Because infantile amnesia makes it unlikely that these are true memories from that age.
C)Because proponents of the realism of such claims are charging less to treat the victims of this abuse than those who are dubious of the claims.
D)Repression inhibits the conscious recognition of traumatic events such as childhood sexual abuse.
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Chapter 8: Thinking, Reasoning, and Language
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Q1) A loose screw on the visor causes it to drop down while Ben drives; however,he keeps forgetting to take a screwdriver out to the car to fix it.When he notices the visor drop again,he reaches into his pocket for a dime,which he uses to tighten the screw holding the visor.What problem-solving difficulty did Ben overcome?
A)Relative comparison
B)Functional fixedness
C)Poor problem representation
D)The representative heuristic
Q2) Which of the following brain areas is primarily involved in speech comprehension?
A)Corpus's area
B)Wernicke's area
C)Broca's area
D)Munchausen's area
Q3) Much of our language use serves non-informational purposes,such as
A)establishing or maintaining social relationships.
B)telling the barista that we want a skim latte.
C)advising a friend what time to show up at a party.
D)providing directions to an event.
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Chapter 8: Exsetntion: Thinking, Reasoning, and Language
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Q1) You just discovered a nomadic people who have lived in the desert their whole lives.Their language contains over 20 words to describe the various types and textures of sand contained in their environment.According to research on linguistic determinism,what is the likely origin for all of these terms?
A)The people of the tribe created these terms in order to make finer distinctions among the various types of sand they encounter.
B)Their environment dictated that multiple terms be created to enhance their understanding.
C)Their thought processes enabled them to make finer distinctions among the different kinds of sand in their environment,so they were able to create a language that reflected their knowledge.
D)It is impossible to know if the language caused them to think differently about their environment,or if the way they perceive their environment caused them to create their language.
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Chapter 9: Intelligence and IQ Testing
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Q1) Research involving family and adoption studies have demonstrated that
A)the higher the percentage of shared genes between people,the higher their IQ correlations will be.
B)siblings reared together and cousins reared together have similar IQ correlations.
C)the correlations between the IQ scores of cousins reared together are very strong.
D)the correlations between the IQ scores of cousins reared together are negative.
Q2) What type of thinking could be described as taking different directions in search of a variety of answers to a question?
A)Decisive
B)Convergent
C)Heuristic
D)Divergent
Q3) The deviation IQ score
A)compares mental age to chronological age.
B)is an IQ score expressed as a standard deviation.
C)is a culture-free IQ score.
D)is an IQ relative to one's same-aged peers.
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19
Chapter 9: Exsetntion: Intelligence and IQ Testing
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Q1) Culture-fair tests attempt to measure _____.
A)the intelligence of people coming from inside the culture in which the test was devised
B)cultural background
C)the effects of culture on people's intellectual and creative skills
D)the intelligence of people coming from outside the culture in which the test was devised
Q2) A person starts from one point and comes up with many different ideas or possibilities based on that point.The person is engaging in _____.
A)functional thinking
B)circular thinking
C)convergent thinking
D)divergent thinking
Q3) Twelve-year-old Arnold received an IQ test score of 75.What is his mental age?
A)9
B)10
C)5
D)7
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Chapter 10: Human Development
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Q1) "Human beings do not demonstrate _____," said Professor Spiegelman."Otherwise,most newborns would think that the physician who was handling the childbirth was its mother or father!"
A)plasticity
B)reflexes
C)instincts
D)imprinting
Q2) Which of the following physical changes is associated with aging in men?
A)A loss of ability to hear low-pitched sounds
B)A reduction in testosterone levels
C)A reduction in interest in his career
D)An increase in the speed at which a man gets an erection
Q3) In several of his movies,actor Adam Sandler has achieved fame by playing buffoons whose _____ ages were clearly far behind their _____ ages.
A)social; chronological
B)adolescent; adult
C)mental; social
D)chronological; mental
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21
Chapter 10: Exsetntion: Human Development
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Q1) Lyette has recently given birth to her first child.She decides to start playing classical music near the baby's crib at night so that the child will develop greater intelligence.Which of the following may be an explanation for why such strategies appear to have some impact on the developing child?
A)These strategies are like "vegetables for the brain," and impact virtually every area of brain growth and development.This is why it is a good idea to play classical music for a child even before (s)he is born.
B)These strategies impact the use of echoic memory,which is distinctly tied to the ability to boost intellectual growth.
C)These strategies boost the activity of the temporal lobes,which are responsible for both hearing and intellectual development.Therefore,long-term intelligence improvement is likely to occur.
D)These strategies boost short-term arousal,which may help performance on mentally demanding tasks for a brief period of time; however,there is no evidence that they will impact long-term intelligence.
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22
Chapter 11: Emotion and Motivation
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Q1) Commitment without intimacy or passion might be referred to as
A)fatuous love.
B)companionate love.
C)empty love.
D)liking.
Q2) Who proposed the triangular theory of love?
A)Robert Sternberg
B)Soloman Asch
C)Stanley Milgram
D)Philip Zimbardo
Q3) Which best characterizes the correlation between income and subjective feelings of happiness?
A)Negative,but weak
B)Positive and strong
C)Negligible
D)Positive,but modest
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Chapter 11: Exsetntion: Emotion and Motivation
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Q1) Which of the following factors is the best predictor of homosexuality?
A)Being left-handed or right-handed
B)Engaging in gender nonconformity
C)Being sexually attracted to the members of the same sex
D)Feeling estranged from your same sex peers
Q2) According to the discrete emotions theory,emotions _____.
A)differ significantly across cultures
B)are independent of physiological responses at all
C)exist to serve evolutionary functions
D)are found only in civilized cultures
Q3) According to the work of Hatfield and Rapson (1996),the two major kinds of love that people experience are called
A)passionate and companionate love.
B)fatuous and empty love.
C)consummate and adaptive love.
D)interpersonal and intrapersonal love.
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Chapter 12: Stress, Coping, and Health
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Q1) Which of the following has been shown to be an outcome of using meditation?
A)Increased blood pressure
B)Increased blood flow to the brain
C)Decrease in blood glucose levels
D)Decreases in nightmares and night terror episodes
Q2) Which of the stage of the general adaptation syndrome is most indicated by activation of the fight-or-flight system?
A)Alarm
B)Resistance
C)Rumination
D)Exhaustion
Q3) _____ is the mental shortcut we use to judge the likelihood of an event and the ease with which it comes to mind.
A)Representativeness heuristic
B)Availability heuristic
C)Automatic process
D)Rumination
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Chapter 12: Exsetntion: Stress, Coping, and Health
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Q1) In which stage of the general adaptation syndrome has the body reached the limits of its ability to adapt to stress,which may result in the development of stress-related diseases?
A)Alarm
B)Collapse
C)Exhaustion
D)Resistance
Q2) The purpose of the _____ is to protect the body against the invasion of bacteria,viruses,fungi,or other illness-producing organisms.
A)antigens
B)lymphocytes
C)phagocytes
D)immune system
Q3) Tad seems to thrive when faced with difficult challenges and usually feels in control of his life.He would probably be labeled a _____ personality.
A)stressed
B)Type B
C)Type C
D)hardy
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Page 26
Chapter 13: Social Psychology
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Q1) In a televised "social experiment" by the local television network,12 people-6 white and 6 African American-were asked to live together for one week.They varied in their level of prejudice; however,those with low levels of prejudice became less prejudiced,while those with high levels became more prejudiced.A psychologist from the university coined this behavior
A)group polarization.
B)group norms.
C)groupthink.
D)group dynamics.
Q2) Who is least likely to be aggressive?
A)Cody,a Southerner who has just been insulted by a neighbor
B)Juan,who just watched a daylong marathon of slasher movies
C)Jeff,who has been drinking heavily at a bar
D)Shoshone,who lives in Anchorage,Alaska
Q3) In which of the following situations is the person more likely to be helped?
A)A young woman is being mugged while people are watching from their bedroom windows.
B)An old woman with a cane trips and falls while crossing an isolated street.
C)An angry mob watches while an old man is attacked by a dog.
D)A woman collapses on the sidewalk of a crowded street.
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Chapter 13: Exsetntion: Social Psychology
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Q1) When half of his class earned D's and F's on the midterm exam,Professor Bush came back to the next class and delivered a stern lecture about their effort.He admonished the class for failing to meet their obligations,for being lazy,and for not taking their studies seriously.These attributions,which were all _____ attributions,did not really give any consideration to the fact that the students may have had other reasons for failing the exam that were beyond their immediate control.
A)cooperative
B)dispositional
C)accusatory
D)situational
Q2) You get on an elevator.Everyone is facing to the right.You turn and also face to the right.This is an example of A)obedience. B)comparison.
C)attribution.
D)conformity.
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Chapter 14: Personality
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Q1) Many projective assessment tools have disputed levels of A)standardization.
B)representativeness.
C)subjectivity.
D)validity.
Q2) Dylan believes that his hard work,rather than luck or chance,resulted in his promotion at work.Dylan probably has A)an external locus of control.
B)self-delusions.
C)an internal locus of control.
D)an inferiority complex.
Q3) The neo-Freudian,Carl Jung,suggested the existence of a collective unconscious that contains images shared by all people,called _____.
A)schemas
B)archetypes
C)prototypes
D)instincts
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Chapter 14: Exsetntion: Personality
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Q1) William's father wants him to join the army.William has no desire to join.What personality test could William fool the easiest into believing he had a psychological disorder that might keep him out of the army?
A)MMPI-2
B)Rorschach
C)CPI
D)MBQ
Q2) Which of the following represents a shared environmental influence?
A)Todd and Vie both receive 5 dollars for each "A" they earn on their report cards.
B)Taryn has chores to do around the house.
C)June goes to ballet,while Mitch is at football.
D)Eli gets to go to sleepaway camp while Jonah gets to stay home for camp.
Q3) The _____ is the most extensively researched of all structured personality tests.
A)TAT
B)MMPI
C)Rorschach
D)NEO
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Chapter 15: Psychological Disorders
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Q1) During the day,Barb suffers from frequent,unwanted thoughts that she has left her front door unlocked,and recurrent images that all her belongings have been taken.These thoughts and images are what psychologists refer to as a(n)
A)compulsion.
B)delusion.
C)hallucination.
D)obsession.
Q2) After being passed up for a promotion and then getting into a heated argument with his son,a man disappears.He shows up two weeks later in another town with no memory of who he is or how he got there.He appears to be suffering from _____.
A)schizophrenia
B)a somatoform disorder
C)a dissociative disorder
D)factitious disorder
Q3) According to the data,the single best predictor of suicide is A)loss of a loved one.
B)depression.
C)a previous attempt.
D)unemployment.
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Chapter 15: Exsetntion: Psychological Disorders
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Q1) Believing that other people,or the government,is out to get you is one way in which sufferers of schizophrenia experience their A)compulsions.
B)delusions.
C)hallucinations.
D)obsessions.
Q2) Any pattern of behavior that causes people significant distress,is uncommon in society,and/or harms their ability to function in daily life,may indicate the presence of
A)a mental disorder
B)humors
C)stress syndrome
D)adaptive behavior
Q3) Which of the following statements is true regarding suicide?
A)More men than women attempt suicide.
B)More women than men attempt suicide.
C)Depression is a better predictor of suicide than are feelings of hopelessness.
D)There is no relationship between age and attempting suicide.
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32
Chapter 16: Psychological and Biological Treatments
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Sample Questions
Q1) Karen is a family therapist who has just arrived at her client family's home to have dinner with them and spend the evening.Her visit is not social,but rather will be an opportunity for her to see how the family interacts with one another.Karen is using which family therapy model?
A)stratified family therapy
B)structural family therapy
C)logical family intervention
D)strategic family intervention
Q2) A _____ provides counseling,support in spiritual context,wellness programs,as well as group,family,and couples therapy.
A)psychiatrist
B)mental health counselor
C)pastoral counselor
D)psychiatric nurse
Q3) Rico suffers from bipolar disorder.His psychiatrist will most likely prescribe
A)Lithium.
B)Prozac.
C)Ritalin.
D)Thorazine.
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Page 33
Chapter 16: Exsetntion: Psychological and Biological Treatments
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Sample Questions
Q1) In what brand of psychotherapy would a clinical psychologist attempt to uncover the underlying unconscious conflicts and impulses that are the cause of one's psychological difficulties?
A)Behavioral
B)Cognitive-behavioral
C)Humanistic
D)Psychoanalytic/psychodynamic
Q2) Systematic desensitization is specifically designed to help a person to deal with his or her
A)depression.
B)dissociative identity disorder.
C)phobia.
D)psychopathic personality.
Q3) Psychologists find group therapy to be an effective approach to treatment because
A)it is more effective at producing lasting changes than the individual treatments.
B)it allows participants to practice new skills in a safe environment.
C)they interact less with each individual patient.
D)they can make more money.
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