General Psychology
Exam Answer Key
Course Introduction
General Psychology provides an introduction to the scientific study of behavior and mental processes. This course examines the fundamental concepts, theories, and methods in psychology, covering topics such as biological bases of behavior, perception, learning, memory, development, motivation, personality, psychological disorders, and social interaction. Students will explore how psychological research is conducted and gain insights into the application of psychological principles in everyday life and various professional settings. Through readings, discussions, and practical examples, the course aims to foster a deeper understanding of both individual and group behavior.
Recommended Textbook
Psychological Science 3rd Canadian Edition by Michael Gazzaniga
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16 Chapters
2522 Verified Questions
2522 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Introduction
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94 Verified Questions
94 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) To gain an accurate understanding of what is being studied, the scientific method relies on all but which of the following?
A) objective and systematic procedures
B) hypothesis testing
C) empirically obtained data
D) common sense
Answer: D
Q2) The Human Genome Project refers to:
A) the project attempting to map the basic human genetic code
B) the project attempting to alter the basic human genetic code
C) the project attempting to alter behaviour using humanistic approaches
D) the project investigating the role of the environment in behaviour
Answer: A
Q3) Which organization is responsible for publishing the code of ethical behaviour for psychologists?
A) Health Canada
B) Canadian Psychiatric Association
C) Canadian Mental Health Association
D) the Canadian Psychological Association
Answer: D
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Chapter 2: Research Methodology
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128 Verified Questions
128 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The fact that small samples are generally less reliable indicators of typical behaviour than large samples is associated with the principle of:
A) psychophysiological assessment
B) descriptive statistics
C) the use of random sampling
D) the law of large numbers
Answer: D
Q2) Studies of self-esteem among people in the United States and in some Asian cultures have shown that:
A) on average, Asians have higher self-esteem than people in the United States
B) levels of self-esteem increase among Asians as they age but decline among people in the United States
C) self-esteem is a concept that does not require culturally sensitive research
D) if researchers use different ways to measure self-esteem, the comparisons among people in the different cultures show different patterns
Answer: D
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4
Chapter 3: Biological Foundations
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172 Verified Questions
172 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the state of the electrical charge when a neuron is said to be at resting potential?
A) Inside the neuron is more positive than outside the neuron.
B) Inside the neuron is more negative than outside the neuron.
C) Both the inside and outside of the neuron are of equal electrical charge.
D) The inside of the neuron is hyperpolarized.
Answer: B
Q2) Neurotransmitters affect the behaviour of a cell because they:
A) are exclusively inhibitory or excitatory
B) mimic psychotropics
C) bind to the postsynaptic receptor and produce changes on the neuron cell wall, creating a cascade of further changes
D) increase the size of the action potential, creating a bigger response across the cell
Answer: C
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Chapter 4: The Mind and Consciousness
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129 Verified Questions
129 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is true regarding unconscious decision making?
A) Research has shown that unconscious thought conditions result in the best decisions regarding complex choices.
B) Research has shown that conscious thought conditions result in the best decisions regarding complex choices.
C) Research suggests that thinking about something for a long time results in better decision making than making a quick decision.
D) Research suggests that people are unable to make wise unconscious decisions.
Q2) Which two factors are involved in "runner's high"?
A) endorphin release in the brain and a shift in consciousness similar to meditation states
B) endorphin release in the brain and a focus on the running activity itself
C) a shift in consciousness similar to meditation states and dopamine release in the brain
D) a focus on the running activity itself and dopamine release in the brain
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6
Chapter 5: Sensation and Perception
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143 Verified Questions
143 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In the Ponzo illusion, cues to size and distance conflict. The fact that an illusion of size is created suggests that:
A) monocular depth cues cannot operate correctly with conflicting cues to size
B) the cues to distance are more accurate here than the cues to size
C) perceived size is computed from perceived distance
D) perceived distance is computed from perceived size
Q2) Diane is experimenting with the lighting she will use at a rock concert. When she lights the stage blue, she is flooding it with ____________ wavelengths of light. If she wants to change the stage to look red, she will need to shift the light to include ____________ wavelengths. To change from red to green, she will need to move to ____________ wavelengths.
A) long; medium; short
B) long; short; medium
C) medium; long; short
D) short; long; medium
Q3) Pain medications work by:
A) stopping pain stimuli from being received by sensory pain neurons
B) blocking transmission from sensory pain neurons to the brain
C) changing the brain's interpretation of information from sensory pain neurons
D) diverting signals from the sensory pain neurons to the thalamus
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Chapter 6: Learning
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157 Verified Questions
157 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The process by which an environmental stimulus and a behaviour are connected is known as:
A) cognition
B) episodic memory
C) conditioning
D) behaviour modification
Q2) Long-term potentiation (LTP) has also been demonstrated to function outside the hippocampus. What brain structure uses LTP for fear-specific learning?
A) the amygdala
B) the septum
C) the thalamus
D) the basal ganglia
Q3) Pavlovian conditioning is also referred to as:
A) behaviour modification
B) operant conditioning
C) classical conditioning
D) consequence-oriented conditioning
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Chapter 7: Attention and Memory
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167 Verified Questions
167 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Kumar is dreaming that he is running across campus because he is late for his exam. He anxiously keeps track of how close he is getting by monitoring the landmarks that he is passing. What part of his brain is helping him in this task?
A) prefrontal cortex cells
B) posterior parietal lobe cells
C) amygdala recording cells
D) hippocampal place cells
Q2) Compared to only studying, studying while listening to music, checking email, and texting friends would most likely:
A) reduce what you learn by reducing your attention to what you are studying
B) improve what you learn by releasing proactive interference
C) reduce what you learn by impairing procedural memory
D) have little effect because music, email, and texting use different parts of the brain
Q3) Visual imaging is effective in improving memory because:
A) visual information is more strongly encoded into memory
B) it involves both visual and verbal coding
C) it involves both episodic and semantic memory
D) visual information is more easily rehearsed
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Chapter 8: Thinking and Intelligence
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188 Verified Questions
188 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Brianna received an overall IQ score of 117 on the Wechsler Scale. This means that Brianna has scored ____________ standard deviation(s) above the mean IQ score of
A) 2; 90
B) 1; 110
C) 2; 75
D) 2;100
Q2) Jamail is trying to decide whether to major in biology or psychology. Kevin is trying to figure out what major might allow him to get a good job right after university. Jamail is engaged in ____________; Kevin is engaged in ____________.
A) problem solving; decision making
B) inductive reasoning; deductive reasoning
C) decision making; problem solving
D) deductive reasoning; inductive reasoning
Q3) Which intelligence test involves measuring both verbal and performance skills?
A) Miller Analogy
B) Binet
C) Stanford-Binet
D) Wechsler
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Page 10
Chapter 9: Motivation and Emotion
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166 Verified Questions
166 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Noor and Ahmad are four-year-old twins who are shopping with their mother. She offers to buy them each a small cookie to eat while they shop or to buy them each a large toy if they are good until she finishes shopping. Noor takes the cookie but Ahmad waits for the toy. From this behaviour you could predict that in high school Noor will be ____________ successful than Ahmad.
A) more
B) less
C) just as
D) a or c
Q2) A computer process is developed that searches for the most items that are related to the search term or for items that are the most relevant to the search term. In terms of human behaviour, a program that searches for the most items is showing the ____________ quality of motivation. A program that searches for the most relevant items is showing the ____________ quality of motivation.
A) energizing; directive
B) energizing; persistent
C) persistent; directive
D) directive; energizing
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Chapter 10: Health and Well-Being
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156 Verified Questions
156 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) If Amy is committed to her life tasks, feels challenged by barriers, and feels in control of her fate, she would be described as:
A) Type A
B) Type B
C) hardy
D) an externalizer
Q2) Which of the following is an effect of chronic smoking?
A) liver failure
B) immune disorders
C) heart disease
D) brain tumours
Q3) Why have psychologists emphasized fight-or-flight responses over tend-and-befriend responses?
A) The former have greater adaptive value.
B) The research has largely been done with males.
C) Research supports the former but not the latter.
D) Avoidance responses are more important to survival than are approach responses.
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Chapter 11: Human Development
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178 Verified Questions
178 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Morphemes are:
A) the basic sounds of a language
B) the smallest units of language that have meaning
C) equivalent to syllables
D) sounds that are similar across various languages
Q2) A central criticism of Piaget's theory of development takes issue with his argument that:
A) development proceeds in stages
B) differentiating self from objects is as important as Piaget makes it appear
C) individuals go through the developmental stages in the same order
D) object permanence develops more quickly in females than males
Q3) Social developmental psychologists are primarily concerned with:
A) how we learn to interact with other members of our species
B) cognitive functioning in children
C) how personality traits affect behaviour
D) how drug use affects thought processes
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13
Chapter 12: Social Psychology
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149 Verified Questions
149 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Naomi was raised as a vegetarian. When she gets to university she decides that she will eat meat so that she will be more like everyone else. Even though she really wants to stop being a vegetarian, Naomi finds that she can't bring herself to eat meat. Naomi's situation demonstrates the effect of ____________ on attitudes.
A) classical conditioning
B) implicit attitudes
C) socialization practices
D) unconscious influence
Q2) Based on Asch's work on conformity, you could predict that obedience in the Milgram study would have decreased greatly under which of the following conditions?
A) The learner is more similar to the teacher.
B) A confederate helps administer the shocks.
C) A confederate refuses to administer the shocks.
D) The experimenter denigrates the learner.
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Chapter 13: Personality
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190 Verified Questions
190 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Shyness as a personality disposition is:
A) present in a variety of species
B) associated with an underactive amygdala
C) remarkably stable across the lifespan
D) not affected by culture
Q2) Shariah has noticed that people in her social group have been avoiding her. They no longer call her or ask her to go out with them. Shariah used to have high self-esteem but now she is experiencing low self-esteem. What theory would predict this change in her self-esteem?
A) social conformity theory
B) self/other comparison theory
C) sociometer theory
D) self-appraisal theory
Q3) Compared to the Rorschach, the Thematic Apperception Test has been found to:
A) more accurately reflect the unconscious conflicts present in the test taker
B) be less reliable
C) be a better predictor of behaviour
D) be more difficult to interpret
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15
Chapter 14: Psychological Disorders
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184 Verified Questions
184 Flashcards
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Sample
Questions
Q1) What is the difference between psychological testing and neuropsychological testing?
A) Psychological testing involves answering questions about mental health functioning whereas neuropsychological testing involves answering questions about physical functioning.
B) Psychological testing involves answering interview questions about mental health functioning whereas neuropsychological testing involves getting a medical exam.
C) Psychological testing involves performing behaviours whereas neuropsychological testing involves getting a medical exam.
D) Psychological testing involves answering questions about mental health functioning whereas neuropsychological testing involves performing certain behaviours.
Q2) Chris has been diagnosed with anti-social personality disorder. The prognosis for successful treatment of the disorder is:
A) extremely poor
B) good if treatment is started early
C) excellent if the cause can be identified
D) good if Chris is female, poor if Chris is male
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Page 16
Chapter 15: Treatment of Psychological Disorders
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209 Verified Questions
209 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) John is being treated with a biological therapy for a disorder. He has side effects which include twitching muscles in his neck and face. John probably has ____________ and is being treated with ____________.
A) depression; an older tricyclic
B) depression; transcranial magnetic stimulation
C) schizophrenia; a traditional antipsychotic
D) schizophrenia; deep brain stimulation
Q2) The use of haloperidol and chlorpromazine to treat schizophrenia:
A) has been largely ineffective in spite of early enthusiasm for the drugs
B) produces motor side effects resembling symptoms of Parkinson's disease
C) is best for relatively mild forms of the disorder
D) is especially recommended because of the drugs' minor side effects
Q3) Clozapine was an improvement over previous antipsychotic medications because it:
A) acted specifically on the dopamine neurotransmitter system
B) reduced the negative as well as the positive symptoms of schizophrenia
C) had only moderate Parkinsonian effects
D) also worked for disorders like bipolar disorder
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Chapter 16: Cultural Psychology
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112 Verified Questions
112 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The psychological adjustment associated with acculturation:
A) occurs suddenly
B) forms an inverted U-shaped curve
C) forms a U-shaped curve
D) is more stressful for women than men
Q2) Stereotypes represent:
A) detached views
B) cultural beliefs
C) negative reality
D) minority beliefs
Q3) The statement "I find it so annoying to go shopping with my friends when I prefer watching baseball" is most likely made by:
A) a male
B) a female
C) a Canadian
D) a Japanese
Q4) The course of schizophrenia is significantly better for patients living in:
A) a collectivistic rather than individualistic society
B) less developed societies rather than more industrialized ones
C) an individualistic rather than a collectivistic society
Page 18
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