General Education History Exam Practice Tests
Course Introduction
General Education History is designed to introduce students to the broad patterns, themes, and major events that have shaped human societies from ancient times to the present. This course explores the development of civilizations, cultures, political systems, economic structures, and social movements across different regions and eras. Through the examination of primary and secondary sources, students gain critical thinking skills, learn to analyze historical evidence, and draw connections between past events and contemporary issues. The course fosters an understanding of the complexity and diversity of human experiences, helping students appreciate the relevance of history in todays globalized world.
Recommended Textbook
Western Civilization A Brief History 11th Edition by Marvin Perry
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Chapter 1: The Ancient Near East: the First Civilizations
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Q1) Phoenicians
Answer: The Phoenicians were an ancient Semitic-speaking people who lived in the coastal region of present-day Lebanon, Syria, and Israel. They were known for their maritime trade and seafaring skills, establishing colonies and trading posts throughout the Mediterranean and beyond. The Phoenicians are believed to have emerged around 1500 BCE and their civilization reached its peak around 1200-800 BCE. They are important because they were pioneers in navigation and trade, and their alphabet, which was the basis for many modern writing systems, including the Greek and Latin alphabets. The Phoenicians were also known for their production of purple dye, which was highly prized in the ancient world. Their influence on Mediterranean culture and trade was significant, and they played a crucial role in the development of early civilizations in the region.
Q2) Who may be best associated with forwarding monotheistic ideas?
A) Ramses
B) Tutankhamen
C) Maety
D) Akhenaten
E) Ahmose
Answer: D
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Chapter 2: The Hebrews: a New View of God and the Individual
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Q1) King Cyrus
Answer: King Cyrus was a Persian ruler who reigned from 559-530 BCE. He is known for founding the Achaemenid Empire and is considered one of the most influential and benevolent rulers in ancient history.
Who: King Cyrus was a Persian ruler and founder of the Achaemenid Empire.
What: He is known for his conquests and for establishing one of the largest empires in history.
Where: He ruled over the Persian Empire, which encompassed modern-day Iran and parts of the Middle East and Asia.
When: King Cyrus reigned from 559-530 BCE.
Why Important: King Cyrus is important because of his benevolent and tolerant rule, as well as his role in establishing the Persian Empire and his influence on future rulers and empires. He is also known for his famous Cylinder, which is considered one of the first human rights declarations in history.
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Chapter 3: The Greeks: From Myth to Reason
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Q1) Mount Olympus was famous as
A) the religious center of the Greeks.
B) the area where the gods fought for supremacy.
C) a shrine for those who fell in the Peloponnesian War.
D) Agamemnon's home.
E) the home of the Greek gods.
Answer: E
Q2) The Mycenaean Greeks
A) predated the Minoan Civilization
B) settled in Peloponnesus
C) defeated the Persians at the Battle of Troy
D) did not possess a written language
E) were a mythic people created by Homer
Answer: B
Q3) Aristotle
Answer: Answer not provided.
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Chapter
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Q1) Augustus
Q2) The first emperor of Rome was
A) Julius Caesar.
B) Claudius.
C) Marcus Junius Brutus.
D) Octavian.
E) Vespasian.
Q3) Which factors contributed to the development of Rome as a great military state?
Q4) Which Roman emperor allowed the Goths to cross the Danube frontier?
A) Vespasian
B) Diocletian
C) Constantine
D) Valens
E) Trajan
Q5) Why was the adoptive system a successful method to establish succession and stability?
Q6) The author argues that the Romans greatest gift to Western Civilization was in the area of law. Explain what advancements the Romans made in the rule of law.
Q7) Aeneid
Page 6
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Chapter 5: Early Christianity: a World Religion
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Q1) Christianity and Stoicism shared similar concerns except A) brotherhood of man
B) suppressing wild passions
C) expressing concern for others
D) listening to our inner conscience
E) the primacy of reason
Q2) Saint Ambrose was renowned for each of the following except
A) his status as bishop of Milan.
B) defending church authority versus the state.
C) expressing concern for the poor and oppressed.
D) his dictum that "the emperor is within the church, not above it."
E) reminding the clergy that the rich should be courted since they would buttress church power.
Q3) Petra
Q4) Saint Augustine
Q5) On the map of Europe,trace the missionary activities of Paul of Tarsus.
Q6) Paul
Q7) Logos
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Q8) While persecution of Christians did occur,explain how the Roman Empire actually encouraged the spread of Christianity?
Chapter 6: The Rise of Europe: Fusion of
Classical,christian,and Germanic
Traditions
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Q1) Which of the following does NOT describe the history of the Crusades?
A) increased the wealth of the Italian cities that furnished transportation and benefited from the trade with the East.
B) contributed to the decline of feudalism and strengthened the European monarchy.
C) did not lead to the massacre of Muslims and Jews.
D) inspired idealism and heroism in the West.
E) sparked an interest in geography and travel.
Q2) Charles Martel
Q3) Ottoman Empire
Q4) Attitudes toward the Jewish community in medieval Europe were predicated upon the belief that
A) all Jews for all time were guilty of deicide.
B) Jews practiced ritual killing of Christian children.
C) Jews crucified Jesus
D) Jews were responsible for the Black Plague
E) All of these were charged against Jews.
Q5) On a map of Europe,locate the two Christian capitals at the end of the Roman Empire.
Q6) Carolingian Renaissance
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Chapter 7: The Flowering and Dissolution of Medieval
Civilization
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Q1) Philip IV
Q2) Which statement best describes the accomplishments of medieval thinkers in the area of science
A) set the stage for modern science by inventing analytical geometry and calculus
B) proved that the sun was at the center of the universe
C) created a clear break between theology and natural science
D) set the stage for the emergence of modern science by translating and commenting on ancient texts
E) influenced Arab thinkers by introducing the study of optics to the wider world
Q3) Locate on the map of Europe the site of the following battles of the Hundred Years' War: Orléans,Poitiers,Crécy,and Agincourt.
Q4) Lollards
Q5) Trace the power of the papacy during thisChapter with special focus on intellectual development,Babylonian Captivity,politics,and religious reform movements.
Q6) Gregory XI
Q7) Jan Hus
Q8) How did the issue of taxation lead to the Babylonian Captivity?
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Chapter 8: Transition to the Modern Age: Renaissance and Reformation
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Q1) Discuss the ideas of Machiavelli.Do you think he offers a cogent message for contemporary leaders?
Q2) Lutheranism found its greatest following among German townspeople for which of the following reasons?
A) Their support for the confiscation of church lands in Germany
B) Their objection to money flowing from their country to Rome in the form of church taxes and payment for church offices
C) The diminishing power of the pope
D) The dynamic leadership of the German clergy
E) The resentment against the worldliness and lack of piety of many clergy.
Q3) Individualism
Q4) Which of the following said "I can work miracles?"
A) Michelangelo
B) Raphael
C) Leonardo da Vinci
D) Giotto
E) Jan Van Eyck
Q5) How did Luther's teaching help create the Peasant's Revolt? Why did Luther refuse to lead the revolt?
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Chapter 9: Political and Economic Transformation: National
States, overseas Expansion, commercial Revolution
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Q1) Which of the following sailed around the Cape of Good Hope and across the Indian Ocean to India?
A) Ferdinand Magellan
B) Vasco da Gama
C) Bartholomeu Dias
D) Christopher Columbus
E) Henry the Navigator
Q2) Which of the following won a victory over the Incas of Peru?
A) Hernando Cortés
B) Francisco Pizarro
C) Columbus
D) Magellan
E) Bartholomeu Dias
Q3) Vasco Nunez de Balboa
Q4) "forced loans"
Q5) mercantilism
Q6) Discuss the significance of dynasty in the period of monarchical sovereignty.
Q8) Oliver Cromwell Page 11
Q7) Compare the motivations for exploration and expansion of Portugal and Spain.
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Chapter 10: Intellectual Transformation: the Scientific
Revolution and the Age of Enlightenment
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Q1) experimental physics
Q2) Which enlightenment thinker argued that humans are born with a mind that was a blank slate?
A) Descartes
B) Hume
C) Rousseau
D) Locke
E) Hobbes
Q3) Explain how Enlightenment ideas,in breaking with the medieval worldview,had an impact on the modern intellectual perspective.
Q4) Deism
Q5) Thomas Hobbes
Q6) Which of the following refused to publish his work due to his concern that it would spark controversy?
A) Copernicus
B) Galileo
C) Kepler
D) Brahe
E) Bruno
Q7) Candide Page 13
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Chapter 11: The Era of the French Revolution: Affirmation of Liberty and Equality
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Q1) Bank of France
Q2) National Convention
Q3) During the Great Fear,peasants
A) burned manor houses and records of their feudal obligataions
B) rejected the leadership of Robespierre
C) forced the king and queen to return to Paris
D) mourned the exiling of Napoleon
E) feared that the sans-culottes were going end the revolution
Q4) Jacobins
Q5) Discuss the circumstances that led to the Fall of Napoleon.
Q6) Duke of Wellington
Q7) As an enlightened despot,Napoleon did all of the following except
A) preserve equality under the law.
B) open careers to men of talent.
C) preserve political liberty.
D) promote secular education.
E) weaken clerical power.
Q8) Robespierre
Q9) "crowned Jacobin"
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Q10) Corsica
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Chapter 12: The Industrial Revolution: the Transformation of Society
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Q1) Britain was able to avoid revolution because it
A) took a militaristic stand against worker violence.
B) made violence appear to be an attack on nationalism.
C) it made unions legal.
D) created worker committees.
E) became a symbol of reform rather than revolution.
Q2) Phalansteries
Q3) The Combination Acts (1799 1800)
Q4) As industrial cities developed
A) social bonds from the countryside provided new arrivals with a safety net.
B) writers referred to them as inhumane.
C) English humanitarianism resulted in taxes often being designated to improve the standard of living of the poor.
D) there was distress, largely because cities had never before developed without planning.
E) the old division of society into clergy, nobility, and commoners remained.
Q5) David Ricardo
Q6) People's Charter
Page 17
Q7) What are the significant societal effects that occurred due to the Industrial Revolution?
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Chapter 13: Thought and Culture in the Early Nineteenth Century
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Q1) On a blank map of Europe,designate the state where each of the following philosophers worked: Hegel,Kant,Hume,and Mill.
Q2) Nineteenth Century liberals espoused all of the following except A) freedom of speech
B) freedom from arbitrary arrest
C) a government derived its authority from the consent of the governed D) universal voting rights
E) protection of property rights
Q3) What is meant by the term romanticism? hHow did the romantics differ from the philosophes?
Q4) Horst von Maltitz
Q5) Johann Gottfried Herder
Q6) The term Young Hegelians refers to
A) the docents at the University of Berlin who followed their master teacher.
B) former students of Hegel who spread his ideas in the German gymnasiums.
C) those who believed an understanding of the dialectic could lead to change in the world.
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D) conservatives who accepted the world as it was because it was the result of a rational dialectic.
E) those who believed society would never be rational.
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Chapter 14: Surge of Liberalism and Nationalism:
Revolution, counterrevolution, and Unification
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Q1) How did Bismarck use war to further his plan for the unification of Germany under Prussian leadership?
Q2) Balance of Power
Q3) The Italian leader most associated with the Risorgimento was_______.
A) Giuseppe Mazzini
B) Giuseppe Garibaldi
C) Count Camillo Benso di Cavour
D) King Victor Emmanuel
E) Louis Napoleon
Q4) The Austrian Empire included all of the following ethnic minorities except A) Czech.
B) Poles.
C) Croats.
D) Italians
E) Turks.
Q5) Frederick William IV
Q6) How does the Hungarian revolution of 1848 illustrate both the great-mindedness and the small-mindedness of the champions of nationalism?
Q7) Settlement of 1867
Q8) South Slavs Page 21
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Chapter
15: Thought and Culture in the Mid-Nineteenth
Century: Realism, positivism, darwinism, and Social
Criticism
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Q1) The preeminent literary genre for realist writers was
A) lyrical poetry.
B) epic poetry.
C) the riddle.
D) the short story.
E) the novel.
Q2) Auguste Comte
Q3) Sarah Grimke
Q4) On a blank map of Europe,designate with arrows where each of the following persons' revolutionary theories originated: Auguste Comte,Charles Darwin,and Karl Marx.
Q5) Which following thinker would have most agreed with the statement,"Human affairs operate with precise laws just as science understands the physical world".
A) Tolstoy
B) Fourier
C) Courbet
D) Flaubert
E) Comte
Q6) "law of the three stages"
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Q7) War and Peace
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Chapter 16: Europe in the Late Nineteenth Century:
Modernization, nationalism, imperialism
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Q1) Mao Zedong
Q2) Designate,on a world map,those areas you associate with these places: Meiji Empire,the Congo Free State,and Muslim Pakistan.
Q3) Among the innovations in the utilization of energy around 1900 was the A) steam engine.
B) internal combustion engine.
C) watermills
D) use of coal as a fuel.
E) use of oil as fuel.
Q4) During the Dreyfus Affair,all of the following were likely to support his conviction except
A) army leaders
B) nationalists
C) anti-Semites
D) monarchists
E) students
Q5) Home Rule
Q6) Lydia Becker
Q7) Sepoy Mutiny
Q8) Cecil Rhodes Page 25
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Chapter 17: Modern Consciousness: New Views of Nature, human
Nature, and the Arts
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Q1) Max Planck
Q2) Irrationalism
Q3) Modernism
Q4) The stream of consciousness is best described as
A) structured, composed memory.
B) a stream of thoughts without clear differentiation between the conscious and unconscious.
C) a psychiatrist's determination of a patient's major self-insights.
D) ideas propelled from one's unconscious by the directed probing of a psychoanalyst.
E) the interaction between id and superego.
Q5) Second Scientific Revolution
Q6) In 1927,Werner Heisenberg demonstrated that A) everything is relative.
B) it is impossible to know the precise position and velocity of an electron at a given moment.
C) nothing can travel faster than the speed of light.
D) quantum mechanic wave functions were representations of statistical probability.
E) we can have a complete knowledge of the universe.
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Chapter 18: World War I: the West in Despair
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Q1) Knowing that Russia might come to the aid of Serbia why did Germany side with the Austrian decision to invade Serbia?
A) Russian alliance with France would enable Germany to weaken France.
B) Germany was determined to keep its alliance with Austria, even if meant war.
C) Fearing that Russia would only get stronger, it was militarily a good idea to fight it before it got any stronger.
D) It felt Britain's land forces were too weak to threaten Germany.
E) All of these were causes for Germany joining with Austria when Austria invaded Serbia.
Q2) One may best conclude about the Triple Entente that it was
A) encouraged by the Germans.
B) offensive in nature.
C) concerned with territorial dispositions.
D) involved in specific military plans, but only against Germany.
E) provoked by Germany's strength.
Q3) Entente Cordiale
Q4) Aleksandr Kerensky
Q5) Gavrilo Princip
Q6) Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
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Chapter 19: An Era of Totalitarianism
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Q1) The Dawes Plan contributed to Germany economic recovery in the 1920s because it
A) forced the French out of the Ruhr
B) allowed the Germans to print a new German currency which was based on real estate value
C) avoided inflation by stopping the printing of money.
D) attracted foreign investments.
E) reduced reparations based on the German economic capacity.
Q2) Collectivization
Q3) The ultimate point of collectivization was to
A) exterminate the peasants.
B) fund rapid industrialization.
C) conscript peasants into the army.
D) bring women into agricultural labor.
E) allow peasants to be attached to their own land.
Q4) Under the New Economic Policy,the Bolsheviks
A) confiscated the last remaining small businesses and peasant farms in Russia.
B) gave up control of banks and the steel industry.
C) funneled government investment towards consumer industries.
D) allowed for the return to small-scale capitalism.
E) controlled all the crop harvests of the peasants.
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Chapter 20: World War II: Western Civilization in the Balance
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Q1) How did the war change the role of women?
Q2) Stalingrad
Q3) Manchukuo may be connected with
A) the safe area for Chinese communists.
B) a Japanese puppet state.
C) the fall of Korea.
D) the base from which planes left for Pearl Harbor.
E) the defeat at Iwo Jima.
Q4) Following the invasion of Ethiopia,Mussolini continued to receive oil,particularly from A) the Saudi Arabian government.
B) the Soviet government.
C) American suppliers.
D) British oil companies.
E) Russian oil companies.
Q5) Winston Churchill
Q6) What types of resistance movements existed in Europe during World War II? Explain.
Q7) Why did Nazi Germany lose World War II?
Q8) Nazi Soviet Pact
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Chapter 21: Europe After World War II: Recovery and Realignment, 1945-1989
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Q1) What are the major ways that the Soviet Union and the United States attempted to extend their influence during the cold war?
Q2) Containment
Q3) According to the primary source in thisChapter,The New Class,how does Djilas describe the communist party?
A) The party had allowed a limited amount of dissidents into its ranks to mollify public opinion.
B) The revolution had provided for greater legal security and greater civil rights.
C) Complete authority lay in the power of a single new class.
D) The simplicity of the Communist system lies with its elected parliament.
E) Under communism all political positions are open to all members of the Communist Party.
Q4) General Charles de Gaulle may be associated with each of the following except
A) leading the free French forces in World War II.
B) pursuing friendly policies with African states.
C) establishing a government with a strong executive authority.
D) attempting to revise the constitution to his liking.
E) insisting that France be admitted to NATO.
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Chapter 22: The Troubled Present
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Q1) Yugoslavia became the most troubled of former Eastern European communist countries because of all of the following EXCEPT
A) It was a multi-ethnic state created after World War One.
B) It became embroiled in a war with Czechoslovakia.
C) NATO forced its military occupation in the area.
D) Russia attempted to destroy any attempt at independence.
E) The area was a division of Muslims, Catholics, Jews, and Orthodox
Q2) Tony Blair may be remembered for
A) reviving the Conservative party in Britain.
B) supporting an environmental protest against the cutting down of trees by English road crews.
C) leading the Labour party to victory in England.
D) initiating England's entry into the European Union.
E) losing the election to John Major.
Q3) Helmut Kohl
Q4) Bosnian Serbs
Q5) Vladimir Putin
Q6) How did ethnic and religious differences lead to the fighting in the former Yugoslavia?
Q7) Chechnya
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