General Chemistry II Textbook Exam Questions - 3204 Verified Questions by Quizplus

General Chemistry II

Textbook Exam Questions

Course Introduction

General Chemistry II builds upon foundational concepts introduced in the first semester, delving deeper into topics such as chemical kinetics, chemical equilibrium, thermodynamics, acids and bases, electrochemistry, and coordination chemistry. The course emphasizes the quantitative and conceptual understanding of chemical reactions and properties of matter, integrating laboratory experiments to reinforce theoretical knowledge. Students will develop problem-solving skills and scientific reasoning necessary for advanced studies in chemistry and related fields.

Recommended Textbook

Organic Chemistry

8th Edition by Paula Yurkanis Bruice

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28 Chapters

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Chapter 1: Remembering General Chemistry: Electronic

Structure and Bonding

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Q1) In what type of orbital are the lone pair electrons of methoxide (CH3O-)found ?

A)s

B)p

C)sp

D)sp2

E)sp3

Answer: E

Q2) Which of the following elements does this electronic configuration represent? 1s2 2s2 2p5

A)F

B)C

C)N

D)Al

E)O

Answer: A

Q3) Atoms with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons are called ________.

Answer: isotopes

Page 3

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Chapter 2: Acids and Bases: Central to Understanding Organic Chemistry

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Q1) Which of the following is not a conjugate acid-base pair?

A)(H2O,HO-)

B)(H2O,H3O+)

C)(HSO4-,H2SO4)

D)(-OH,O2-)

E)(NO3-,NO2-)

Answer: E

Q2) Propanoic acid,CH3CH2COOH,has a pKa =4.9.Draw the structure of the conjugate base of propanoic acid and give the pH above which 90% of the compound will be in this conjugate base form.

Answer: CH3CH2COO-; 5.9

Q3) Which of the following is the strongest acid?

A)HF

B)H2O

C): NH3

D)CH4

E)CH3OH

Answer: A

Q4) At what pH will 25% of a compound with a pKa of 5.3 be in its basic form?

Answer: 4.8

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Chapter 3: An Introduction to Organic Compounds:

Nomenclature, physical Properties, and Structure

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Q1) Draw the most stable conformer of cis-1-ethyl-3-methylcyclohexane.

Answer: 11ea8a1c_2c7f_2a1e_b657_673388854856_TB1831_00

Q2) Which compound is more soluble in water? Briefly explain your choice. (CH3)2NH or CH3CH2CH3

Answer: (CH3)2NH is more soluble in water since it can hydrogen bond with water.Alkanes are not capable of hydrogen bonding with water.

Q3) Provide the IUPAC name of the compound.

H2NCH2CH2CH2CH2OH

Answer: 4-amino-1-butanol

Q4) Draw the most stable conformer of cis-1-ethyl-4-methylcyclohexane.

Answer: 11ea8a1c_2c7f_5130_b657_4bbf49d2c7fb_TB1831_00

Q5) Draw the most stable conformer of trans-1-ethyl-2-methylcyclohexane.

Answer: 11ea8a1c_2c7f_030d_b657_778a7cd7007c_TB1831_00

Q6) Give the structure of isopentyl alcohol.

Answer: 11ea8a1c_2c78_e864_b657_6f1a4e11997e_TB1831_00

Q7) Define the term conformation.

Answer: Conformations are different arrangements of the same molecule formed by rotations about single bonds.

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Chapter 4: Isomers: the Arrangement of Atoms in Space

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Q1) Meso compounds

A)are chiral

B)have plane of symmetry

C)are optically inactive

D)are constitutional isomers

E)B and C

Q2) Which of the following is a meso compound?

A)trans-1,4-dimethylcyclohexane

B)cis-1,3-dimethylcyclohexane

C)trans-1,3-dimethylcyclohexane

D)cis-1,4-dimethylcyclohexane

E)trans-1,2-dimethylcyclohexane

Q3) (-)-Mandelic acid has a specific rotation of -158°.What would be the specific rotation of a solution which contains 40% (-)-mandelic acid and 60% (+)-mandelic acid?

A)+95°

B)+63°

C)+32°

D)-32°

E)-63°

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Chapter 5: Alkenes: Structure,nomenclature,and an

Introduction to Reactivity - Thermodynamics and Kinetics

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Q1) Give the hybridization,shape,and bond angle for a carbon in ethene.

Q2) A carbocation is

A)a carbon with a negative charge

B)a carbon with a positive charge

C)a carbon with an unpaired electron

D)a carbon with complete octet

E)a carbon with five hydrogens

Q3) Give the degree of unsaturation for benzene.

A)1

B)2

C)3

D)4

E)5

Q4) Draw the structure of two alkenes with molecular formula C4H8 that do not exhibit cis-trans isomerism.

Q5) The G° for the conversion of "axial" isopropylcyclohexane to "equatorial" isopropylcyclohexane at 298K is -2.1 kcal/mol.Calculate the percentage of isopropylcyclohexane molecules that have the isopropyl substituent in the axial position at this temperature.

[R = 1.987 × 10-3 kcal mol-1K-1]

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Chapter 6: The Reactions of Alkenes - the Stereochemistry

of Addition Reactions

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Q1) Which of the following compounds will react most rapidly with HCl?

A)5-methyl-1-hexene

B)4-methyl-1-hexene

C)(E)-5-methyl-2-hexene

D)(E)-2-methyl-3-hexene

E)2-methyl-2-hexene

Q2) Give the types of products formed from the bromination and catalytic hydrogenation (using D2)of cyclohexene.

Q3) What is the major product from the acid-catalyzed hydration of 2-methyl-2-pentene?

A)2-methylpentane

B)2-methyl-1-pentanol

C)2-methyl-2-pentanol

D)2-methyl-3-pentanol

E)1-methoxypentane

Q4) Draw the structures of the two alkenes that react with HBr to yield 1-bromo-1-methylcyclopentane as the major organic product.

Q5) Based on the relative stabilities of the intermediates involved,explain the basis for Markovnikov's rule in the addition of hydrogen halides to alkenes.

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Chapter 7: The Reactions of Alkynes - Introduction to Multistep

Synthesis

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Q1) Dissolving metal reduction involves

A)addition of H2O to a triple bond in the presence of Na in liquid NH3

B)addition of H2 to a triple bond in the presence of Na in liquid NH3

C)addition of H2O to a triple bond in the presence of NaNH2 in liquid NH3

D)addition of H2 to a triple bond in the presence of NaNH2 in liquid NH3

E)both B and D

Q2) Which of the species below is less basic than acetylide?

A)CH3Li

B)CH3ONa

C)NaOH

D)both B and C

E)all of the above

Q3) Draw an acceptable structure for acetylene.

Q4) Give the IUPAC name for (CH3)2C(CH2CH3)CCCH(CH3)2.

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Chapter

Electronic Effects: an Introduction to the Reactions of

Benzene

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Q1) Which of the following statements about benzene is correct?

A)All of the carbon atoms are sp3 hybridized.

B)It has no delocalized electrons.

C)The carbon-carbon bond length is longer than that of ethane.

D)It is a planar molecule.

E)The carbon-hydrogen bonds are not the same length.

Q2) Consider the hydrogenation reaction of each compound listed and rank the compounds in order of increasing H° of this reaction.The most negative H° should be listed first.

2,5-dimethyl-1,3-cycloheptadiene, 1,4-dimethyl-1,3-cycloheptadiene,and 3,6-dimethyl-1,4-cycloheptadiene

Q3) Provide the structure of the biologically significant heterocycle purine.

Q4) Is cyclooctatetraene a planar molecule? Explain.

Page 10

Q5) Aromatic molecules contain ________ electrons.

A)no

B)4n + 2 (with n an integer)

C)4n + 2 (where n = 0.5)

D)4n (with n an integer)

E)unpaired

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Chapter 9: Substitution and Elimination Reactions of Alkyl Halides

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Q1) Which of the following does not provide evidence that there are two different mechanisms for nucleophilic substitution?

A)reaction products when CH3I is used as the substrate

B)reaction products when (CH3)3CCH2I is used as substrate

C)the stereochemistry of nucleophilic substitutions

D)the effect of nucleophile concentration on rate

Q2) Assuming no other changes,what is the effect of doubling both the alkyl halide and the nucleophile concentrations in the above reaction?

A)no change

B)doubles the rate

C)triples the rate

D)quadruples the rate

E)rate is halved

Q3) Identify the alkyl halide that reacts the fastest in an SN1 reaction.

A)2-chloropropane

B)2-bromopropane

C)2-fluoropropane

D)2-iodopropane

Page 12

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Chapter 10: Reactions of Alcohols, ethers, epoxides, amines and

Sulfur-Containing Compounds

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Q1) Which of the following reagents is best used in the conversion of methyl alcohol to methyl chloride?

A)Cl2/CCl4

B)Cl2/h

C)Cl-

D)SOCl2

E)NaCl

Q2) A compound (A)C4H10O is optically active.(A)reacts with HCl and ZnCl2 (Lucas test)to form a cloudy product within 10 minutes.Deduce the structure of (A).

Q3) How are certain arene oxides believed to cause cancer?

Q4) Which of the following is the best method for preparing CH3Br?

A)CH3OH + Br-

B)CH3OH + HBr

C)CH3OH + Br2

D)CH3OH + NaBr

E)CH3OH + Br+

Q5) Provide the structure of the major organic product which results when naphthalene oxide undergoes rearrangement in the presence of water.Explain the regioselectivity of this rearrangement.

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Chapter 11: Organometallic Compounds

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Q1) In a Grignard reagent,the carbon bonded to the magnesium has a partial ________ charge,because carbon is ________ electronegative than magnesium.This makes this carbon of the Grignard ________. A)negative,more,nucleophilic B)negative,less,electrophilic C)positive,more,electrophilic D)positive,less,nucleophilic E)positive,less,electrophilic

Q2) Which of the following sequences of reactions would be best when converting cyclohexene oxide into propylcyclohexane?

A)1)CH3CCNa 2.H3O+ B)1)CH3CH2CH2MgBr 2.H2SO4, 3.H2,Pt C)1)H3O+ 2.CH3CCNa D)1)CH3CH2CH2Li 2.HBr E)1)H3PO4, 2.CH3CH2CH2MgBr 3.H+

Q3) Name the organic products that would result from metathesis of 2-methyl-1-pentene.

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Chapter 12: Radicals

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Q1) What reagent can best be used to convert cyclopentene to 3-bromocyclopentene in a single step?

A)Br2,h

B)NBS,

C)HBr

D)HBr with peroxide

E)none of the above

Q2) Would chlorination or bromination of 2,5-dimethylhexane produce a greater yield of 1-halo-2,5-dimethylhexane?

Q3) Write the structures of all of the monobromination products of 1,1,3,3-tetramethylcyclobutane.

Q4) Which is more stable,a tertiary alkyl radical or a benzylic radical? Explain.

Q5) Which of the following reactions is a termination step in the free radical chlorination of methane?

A)Cl2 + Cl Cl + Cl2

B)Cl2 2 Cl

C) CH3 + Cl CH3Cl

D)CH4 + Cl HCl + CH3

Q6) Explain how CFCs are linked to depletion of stratospheric ozone.

Q7) How would you convert 1-propene to 2-bromobutene?

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Chapter 13: Mass Spectrometry,infrared Spectroscopy,and Uvvis Spectroscopy

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Q1) Which of the following compounds absorbs the longest wavelength of UV-visible light?

A)(E)-2-butene

B)(Z)-2-butene

C)1-hexene

D)(Z)-1,3-hexadiene

E)(E)-1,3,5-hexatriene

Q2) Which has a lower characteristic stretching frequency,the C-H or C-D bond? Explain briefly.

Q3) What m/z value would you predict for the most stable fragment peak in the mass spectrum of 4-ethylheptane?

A)128

B)127

C)113

D)99

E)85

Q4) Deduce a possible structure for the compound with the IR absorptions below. C4H8O: 3000,2800,2715,1715 cm-1

Page 16

Q5) 2-Methylhexane shows an intense peak in the mass spectrum at m/z = 43.Propose a likely structure for this fragment.

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Chapter 14: Nmr Spectroscopy

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Q1) Give one reason why 13C NMR is less sensitive than 1H NMR.

Q2) Provide the structure that is consistent with the data below.

C5H10O2

IR (cm-1): 2950,1720

1H NMR ( ): 3.6 (s,3H),2.5 (septet,1H),0.9 (d,6H) 13C NMR ( ): 190 (s),55 (q),40 (d),16 (q)

Q3) Provide the structure that is consistent with the data below.

C7H14O2

IR (cm-1): 2950,1750

1H NMR (d): 2.3 (2H,q),1.0 (3H,t),0.9 (9H,s) 13C NMR (d): 185 (s),78 (s),29 (t),14 (q),12 (q)

Q4) An unknown compound,C3H5Cl3,gave the following proton NMR data:

Doublet at 1.70 ppm (3H)

Multiplet at 4.32 ppm (1H)

Doublet at 5.85 ppm (1H)

What is the structure of the compound?

Q5) What information does a HETCOR spectrum give?

Q6) What multiplicities are observed in the spin coupled 13C NMR spectrum of 2,3-dimethyl-2-butene?

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Chapter 15: Reactions of Carboxylic Acids and Carboxylic Acid

Derivatives

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Q1) An unknown compound,C5H10O2,gave the following proton NMR data:

a)doublet,at 1.23 ppm (6H)

b)singlet,at 2.10 ppm (3H)

c)septet,at 4.98 ppm (1H)

Propose a structure for the compound.

Q2) What is the main intramolecular force between two molecules of acetonitrile?

A)London dispersion forces

B)dipole-dipole interaction

C)hydrogen bonding

D)induced dipole interactions

E)none of the above

Q3) Provide the structure of the tetrahedral intermediate in the reaction of sodium methoxide with propanoyl chloride.

Q4) Which is the strongest base?

A)Cl-

B)RCOO-

C)RO-

D)HO-

E)H2N-

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Chapter 16: Reactions of Aldehydes and Ketones

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Q1) Provide a detailed,stepwise mechanism for the acid-catalyzed condensation reaction between benzaldehyde and methylamine.

Q2) Provide the proper IUPAC name for PhCH2CH(CH3)CH2CH2CHO.

Q3) Conversion of aldehydes and ketones to imines is an acid-catalyzed process.Explain why this conversion is actually hindered by the presence of too much acid.

Q4) Provide the proper IUPAC name for CH3CHOHCH2COCH2C(CH3)2CH2CH3.

Q5) Identify the compound whose molecular formula and proton NMR spectra are given below:

C15H14O; a)triplet,at 2.1 ppm (2H)

b)triplet,at 2.4 ppm (2H)

c)multiplet,at 7.9 - 7.2 ppm (10H)

Q6) Provide the structure of the acetal that results when 4-heptanone is dissolved in methanol containing an acid catalyst.

Q7) Provide the structure of the cyanohydrin that results when 4-heptanone is treated with HCN/KCN.

Page 19

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Chapter 17: Reactions at the -Carbon

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Q1) In the Michael reaction,addition to the , -unsaturated carbonyl occurs in a

A)1,2-fashion

B)1,3-fashion

C)1,4-fashion

D)1,5-fashion

E)Diels-Alder reaction

Q2) Which of the following will alkylate a lithium enolate most rapidly?

A)methyl bromide

B)isopropyl bromide

C)neopentyl bromide

D)bromobenzene

E)2-methylbromobenzene

Q3) Which of the following reagents will quantitatively convert an enolizable ketone to its enolate salt?

A)lithium hydroxide

B)lithium diisopropylamide

C)methyllithium

D)diethylamine

E)pyridine

Q4) Show how an enolate can add to a carbonyl.

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Chapter 18: Reactions of Benzene and Substituted

Benzenes

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Q1) Which of the following substituent on the benzene ring is a strong deactivator?

A)-Cl

B)-OCH3

C)-COOH

D)-NO2

E)none of the above

Q2) How would you convert benzene to 1,3,5-tribromobenzene?

Q3) Provide a detailed,stepwise mechanism for the reaction of benzene with Br2 and FeBr3.Make sure to include the activating reaction between Br2 and FeBr3 in your mechanism.

Q4) Which of the following is not a correct statement about the electrophilic substitution mechanism of benzene?

A)Benzene functions as a nucleophile.

B)Formation of a carbocation intermediate is the rate-determining step.

C)The carbocation intermediate contains an sp3 hybridized carbon in the ring.

D)The addition product is a frequent minor product.

E)Aromaticity is regained by loss of H+.

Q5) Provide the structure of benzenesulfonic acid.

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Chapter 19: More About Amines - Reactions of Heterocylic Compounds

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Q1) Draw the structure of the aziridinium ion and explain why its pKa is lower than a typical secondary ammonium ion.

Q2) Draw 2-methylpyrrolidine.

Q3) Which of the following chloropyridines readily undergo nucleophilic substitution upon treatment with NaCN?

A)2-chloropyridine

B)3-chloropyridine

C)4-chloropyridine

D)both A and B

E)both A and C

Q4) Draw the structures of piperidine and morpholine and explain their relative basicities.

Q5) When benzofuran is treated with acetic anhydride,the major organic product is

A)2-acetylbenzofuran.

B)3-acetylbenzofuran.

C)4-acetylbenzofuran.

D)5-acetylbenzofuran.

E)7-acetylbenzofuran.

Q6) Draw the structure of piperidine.

Q7) Provide the structure of thymine; How is it used by organisms? Page 22

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Chapter 20: The Organic Chemistry of Carbohydrates

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Q1) An optically active D-aldopentose produced an optically inactive alditol upon treatment with NaBH4.When this aldopentose was subjected to a Ruff degradation,a D-aldotetrose was generated.This aldotetrose gave an optically active aldaric acid upon oxidation with HNO3.Use these data to provide the structure of the starting D-aldopentose.

Q2) Draw the Haworth structure of -D-ribofuranose.

Q3) An optically active D-aldopentose produced an optically inactive aldaric acid upon treatment with HNO3.When this aldopentose was subjected to a Ruff degradation,a D-aldotetrose was generated.This aldotetrose gave an optically inactive alditol upon reduction with NaBH4.Use these data to provide the structure of the starting D-aldopentose.

Q4) Reduction of a 2-ketohexose with NaBH4 yields

A)a single aldohexose.

B)a mixture of acetals.

C)a mixture of alditols.

D)a mixture of cyclic hemiacetals.

E)a single pyranose.

Q5) Provide the structure of the more stable chair conformer which results when -D-galactose is treated with excess acetic anhydride/pyridine.

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Chapter 21: Amino Acids,peptides,and Proteins

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Q1) -Helix of proteins is stabilized by

A)disulfide bridges.

B)hydrogen bonds.

C)electrostatic interactions.

D)hydrophobic interactioms.

E)none of the above.

Q2) Provide the structure of the tripeptide val-gly-ser at biological pH.

Q3) What is thin-layer chromatography?

A)a technique that separates amino acids on the basis of their polarity

B)a technique that separates amino acids on the basis of their solubility in water

C)a technique that separates amino acids on the basis of their pI values

D)a technique that separates amino acids on the basis of pKa of -COOH values

E)a technique that separates amino acids on the basis of pKa of -+NH3 values

Q4) Draw the form of L-tryptophan which is present at biological pH.

Q5) Provide the Fischer projection of L-aspartic acid.

Q6) Draw glutamate.

Q7) Provide the structure of the tripeptide val-gly-ser at pH 12.

Q8) Provide the structure of the tripeptide glu-ser-ala at pH 2.

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Chapter 22: Catalysis in Organic Reactions and in Enzymatic Reactions

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Q1) Which of the following is not true about serine proteases?

A)They are called serine proteases because they are able to break the peptide chain at the serine linkage.

B)Endopeptidases and serine proteases are synonyms with each other.

C)Trypsin,chymotrypsin,and elastase are all serine proteases.

D)Serine proteases catalyze the hydrolysis of protein peptide chains.

E)They are called serine proteases because they all have a serine residue that participates in the catalytic process.

Q2) Give the first step of the mechanism for aldolase.

A)Fructose-1,6,-diphosphate forms an imine with a lysine residue at the active site of the enzyme.

B)A tyrosine residue functions as a base catalyst to cleave the bond between C-3 and C-4.

C)The enamine intermediate rearranges to an imine.

D)Hydrolysis of the imine releases dihydroxyacetone phosphate.

E)A molecule of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate is expelled.

Q3) How does an acid catalyst increase the rate of reaction?

Q4) Provide two ways in which acid catalyzes ester hydrolysis.

Q5) Why is histidine a versatile catalytic group?

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Chapter 23: The Organic Chemistry of the Coenzymes, compounds

Derived From Vitamins

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Q1) A deficiency of ________ results in megoblastic anemia.

A)folic acid

B)thiamine

C)niacin

D)riboflavin

E)vitamin D

Q2) Identify the first step in the mechanism for the vitamin KH2-dependent carboxylation of glutamate.

A)The vitamin K base removes a proton from the gamma-carbon of the gluatamate.

B)The vitamin loses a proton from a phenolic OH group.

C)The dioxetane collapses to form a vitamin K base.

D)The base attacks molecular oxygen.

E)The glutamate carbanion attacks carbon dioxide.

Q3) Vitamin B2 is used to form the coenzyme(s)

A)NAD+ and NADH.

B)FAD and FADH2.

C)TTP.

D)CoASH.

E)THF.

Q4) What metal ion is also required by biotin-dependent enzymes?

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Chapter 24: The Organic Chemistry of the Metabolic Pathways

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Q1) In the citric acid cycle,each molecule of acetyl-CoA is converted into two molecules of what?

A)oxygen

B)pyruvate

C)lactic acid

D)acetone

E)carbon dioxide

Q2) What compounds are formed when a carboxylate is phosphorylated by the attack at the a-phosphorus of ATP?

Q3) Give the number of carbon dioxide molecules formed from each molecule of acetyl-CoA in the citric acid cycle.

A)one

B)two

C)three

D)four

E)none

Q4) To what reaction are many endergonic metabolic processes coupled in order to make them exergonic?

Q5) In the citric acid cycle,FAD oxidizes succinate to ________.

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Chapter 25: The Organic Chemistry of Lipids

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Sample Questions

Q1) Biosynthesis of terpenes start from

A)phosphoglyceride.

B)acetyl CoA.

C)squalene.

D)prostaglandin.

E)cholesterol.

Q2) Which of the following statements is true about terpenes?

A)They are a class of lipids that can be isolated from plants.

B)They contain carbon atoms in multiples of five.

C)They are composed of isoprene units joined together in a head-to-tail fashion.

D)Tetraterpenes have 40 carbon atoms.

E)all of the above

Q3) Myristic acid has the formula

CH3(CH2)12CO2H.Provide the structure of the triglyceride trimyristin.

Q4) Which of the following is the major components of cell membranes?

A)phosphoglycerides

B)sphingosine

C)squalene

D)prostaglandins

E)terpenes

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Chapter 26: The Chemistry of the Nucleic Acids

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Sample Questions

Q1) Which of the following explains the kinetic stability of ATP?

A)The hydrolysis of ATP occurs rapidly in the absence of a catalyst because the phosphate bonds are thermodynamically labile.

B)ATP is positively charged at physiological pH.

C)Water,the major component of cytoplasm,is a strong and very reactive nucleophile.

D)ATP is negatively charged at physiological pH and thus repels the approach of nucleophiles.

E)none of the above

Q2) All tRNAs have ________ at the 3'-end.

A)CCA

B)UUC

C)GCC

D)CAG

E)GGA

Q3) Draw the structure of ADP.

Q4) Show the hydrogen bonding which occurs when guanine and cytosine form a base pair.

Q5) Draw the structure of UDP.

Q6) Draw the structure of ATP.

Page 30

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Chapter 27: Synthetic Polymers

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Q1) Which of the following statements concerning the stereochemistry of polymerization is correct?

A)Polymers in the atactic configuration are more likely to be crystalline solids because regular packing of the polymer chains is easier.

B)Polymers in the isotactic configuration tend to be softer and more flexible than atactic polymers.

C)In general,radical polymerization leads primarily to branched polymers in the syndiotactic configuration.

D)The percentage of chains in the isotactic or syndiotactic configuration decreases as the polymerization temperature decreases.

E)none of the above

Q2) List the two main groups of polymers and give one example of each.

Q3) From which of the following monomers is neoprene synthesized?

A)(Z)-2-chloro-2-butene

B)(E)-2-chloro-2-butene

C)(E)-1-chloro-1,3-butadiene

D)2-chloro-1,3-butadiene

E)2,3-dichloro-1,3-butadiene

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Chapter 28: Pericyclic Reactions

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Q1) Give the conditions for 1,7-hydrogen shifts.You may choose more than one answer.

A)suprafacial rearrangement

B)antarafacial rearrangement

C)thermal conditions

D)photochemical conditions

E)all of the above

Q2) Electrocyclic reactions are reversible.The cyclic compound is favored for electrocyclic reactions that form six-membered rings,whereas the open-chain compound is favored for reactions that form four-membered rings.Explain thoroughly in terms of the enthalpy changes that are occurring.

Q3) Under thermal conditions,(2E,4Z)-hexadiene undergoes a ________ ring closure to yield ________.

A)conrotatory,cis-3,4-dimethylcyclobutene

B)conrotatory,trans-3,4-dimethylcyclobutene

C)disrotatory,cis-3,4-dimethylcyclobutene

D)disrotatory,trans-3,4-dimethylcyclobutene

Q4) Which molecular orbital is higher in energy: the in-phase or out-of-phase overlap of atomic orbitals?

Q5) Give a representation of the bonding molecular orbital of the allyl cation.

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