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General Chemistry II Mock Exam - 2556 Verified Questions

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General Chemistry II

Mock Exam

Course Introduction

General Chemistry II is a continuation of the foundational concepts introduced in General Chemistry I, delving deeper into the principles of chemical reactions, equilibrium, thermodynamics, kinetics, and electrochemistry. Emphasis is placed on the quantitative and qualitative understanding of acids and bases, solubility equilibria, and the properties of solutions. The course also explores advanced topics such as coordination chemistry, nuclear chemistry, and the relationship between molecular structure and chemical reactivity. Through a combination of lectures, laboratory experiments, and problem-solving exercises, students develop analytical and critical thinking skills essential for further study in chemistry and related scientific fields.

Recommended Textbook

General Chemistry The Essential Concepts 7th Edition by Raymond Chang

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22 Chapters

2556 Verified Questions

2556 Flashcards

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Chapter 1: Introduction

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Sample Questions

Q1) When 7.02<sup>o</sup>C is converted to the Fahrenheit scale, how many significant figures are there in the <sup>\(\circ\)</sup>F result?

A)1

B)2

C)3

D)4

E)5

Answer: C

Q2) How many cubic centimeters are there in exactly one cubic meter?

A)1 * 10<sup>-6</sup> cm<sup>3</sup>

B)1 * 10<sup>-3</sup> cm<sup>3</sup>

C)1 * 10<sup>-2</sup> cm<sup>3</sup>

D)1 * 10<sup>4</sup> cm<sup>3</sup>

E)1 * 10<sup>6</sup> cm<sup>3</sup>

Answer: E

Q3) What is the mass of 1.00 dm<sup>3</sup> of mercury? The density of mercury is 13.6 g/cm<sup>3</sup>.

Answer: 1.36 * 10<sup>4 </sup>g

Q4) Classify the following as a pure substance or a mixture: Seven-Up®.

Answer: Mixture

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Chapter 2: Atoms, Molecules, and Ions

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Sample Questions

Q1) Which of the following elements is chemically similar to oxygen?

A)sulfur

B)calcium

C)iron

D)nickel

E)sodium

Answer: A

Q2) An iron(II)ion has:

A)24 electrons and a charge of 2+

B)24 electrons and a charge of 2-

C)26 electrons and a charge of 2+

D)28 electrons and a charge of 2+

E)28 electrons and a charge of 2-

Answer: A

Q3) The formula for magnesium sulfate is

A)MnS.

B)MgS.

C)MnSO<sub>3</sub>.

D)MgSO<sub>4</sub>.

Answer: D

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Chapter 3: Stoichiometry

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Sample Questions

Q1) Acetylene gas, HCCH(g), can be generated in the laboratory by adding calcium carbide to excess water, as shown in the following reaction CaC<sub>2</sub>(s)+ H<sub>2</sub>O(l) \(\rarr\)HCCH(g)+ CaO(s) How many grams of CaC<sub>2</sub> would be required to generate 0.20 moles of HCCH(g)?

Answer: 13 g of CaC<sub>2</sub> would be required

Q2) An organic thiol compound is 38.66% C, 9.73% H, and 51.61% S by mass. What is the empirical formula of this compound?

A)C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>6</sub>S

B)C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>8</sub>S

C)C<sub>4</sub>H<sub>10</sub>S

D)C<sub>4</sub>H<sub>12</sub>S

E)C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>14</sub>S

Answer: A

Q3) Calculate the volume of 0.15 mole of Br<sub>2</sub>. The density of Br<sub>2</sub> is 3.12 g/mL.

Answer: 7.7 mL

Q4) How many ICl<sub>3</sub> molecules are present in 1.75 kg of ICl<sub>3</sub>?

Answer: 4.52 * 10<sup>24</sup>

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Chapter 4: Reactions in Aqueous Solution

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Sample Questions

Q1) Calcium sulfate dihydrate (commonly known as gypsum)dissolves in cold water to the extent of 0.241 g per 100. cm<sup>3</sup>. What is the concentration of calcium ions in this solution?

A)1.77 * 10<sup>-2</sup> M

B)2.80 * 10<sup>-2</sup> M

C)1.77 * 10<sup>-3</sup> M

D)3.54 * 10<sup>-2</sup> M

E)1.40 * 10<sup>-2</sup> M

Q2) When 38.0 mL of 0.1250 M H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> is added to 100. mL of a solution of PbI<sub>2</sub>, a precipitate of PbSO<sub>4</sub> forms. The PbSO<sub>4</sub> is then filtered from the solution, dried, and weighed. If the recovered PbSO<sub>4</sub> is found to have a mass of 0.0471 g, what was the concentration of iodide ions in the original solution?

A)3.10 * 10<sup>-4</sup> M

B)1.55* 10<sup>-4</sup> M

C)6.20 * 10<sup>-3</sup> M

D)3.11 * 10<sup>-3</sup> M

E)1.55 * 10<sup>-3</sup> M

Q3) Identify the element being oxidized in the following reaction. 4Al + 3O<sub>2 </sub>\(\rarr\) 2Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>

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Chapter 5: Gases

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Sample Questions

Q1) On a spring morning (20°C)you fill your tires to a pressure of 2.25 atmospheres. As you ride along, the tire heats up to 45°C from the friction on the road. What is the pressure in your tires now?

Q2) A spacecraft is filled with 0.500 atm of N<sub>2</sub> and 0.500 atm of O<sub>2</sub>. Suppose a micrometeor strikes this spacecraft and puts a very small hole in it's side. Under these circumstances,

A)O<sub>2</sub> is lost from the craft 6.9% faster than N<sub>2</sub> is lost.

B)O<sub>2</sub> is lost from the craft 14% faster than N<sub>2</sub> is lost.

C)N<sub>2</sub> is lost from the craft 6.9% faster than O<sub>2</sub> is lost.

D)N<sub>2</sub> is lost from the craft 14% faster than O<sub>2</sub> is lost.

E)N<sub>2</sub> and O<sub>2</sub> are lost from the craft at the same rate.

Q3) At constant pressure, the density of a gas depends on temperature. Does the density increase or decrease as the temperature increases?

Q4) In a weather forecast on a Seattle radio station the barometric pressure was reported to be 29.4 inches. What is this pressure in SI units? (1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 atm = 760 mmHg)

Q5) Many automobiles produce about 5 grams of NO for each mile they are driven. How many liters of NO gas at STP would be produced on a 100-mile trip?

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Chapter 6: Energy Relationships in Chemical Reactions

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Sample Questions

Q1) For which of these reactions will the difference between \(\Delta\)H° and \(\Delta\)E° be the greatest?

A)2H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>(l)\(\rarr\) 2H<sub>2</sub>O(l)+ O<sub>2</sub>(g)

B)CaCO<sub>3</sub>(s)\(\rarr\) CaO(s)+ CO<sub>2</sub>(g)

C)NO(g)+ O<sub>3</sub>(g)\(\rarr\) NO<sub>2</sub>(g)+ O<sub>2</sub>(g)

D)2C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>6</sub>(g)+

7O<sub>2</sub>(g)\(\rarr\)4CO<sub>2</sub>(g)+ 6H<sub>2</sub>O(l)

E)4NH<sub>3</sub>(g)+ 5O<sub>2</sub>(g)\(\rarr\)4NO(g)+ 6H<sub>2</sub>O(g)

Q2) When 0.7521 g of benzoic acid was burned in a calorimeter containing 1,000. g of water, a temperature rise of 3.60°C was observed. What is the heat capacity of the bomb calorimeter, excluding the water? The heat of combustion of benzoic acid is -26.42 kJ/g.

A)15.87 kJ/°C

B)4.18 kJ/°C

C)5.52 kJ/°C

D)1.34 kJ/°C

E)752.1 kJ/°C

Q3) Define specific heat.

Q4) What is the standard enthalpy of formation of H<sub>2</sub>(g)at 25°C?

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Chapter 7: The Electronic Structure of Atoms

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Sample Questions

Q1) When the electron in a hydrogen atom falls from the n = 3 excited energy level to the ground state energy level, a photon with wavelength \(\lambda\) is emitted. An electron having this same wavelength would have a velocity of

A)7.10 * 10<sup>3</sup> m/s.

B)2.93* 10<sup>6</sup> m/s.

C)2.93 * 10<sup>3</sup> m/s.

D)7.10 m/s.

E)3.00 * 10<sup>8</sup> m/s.

Q2) A ground-state chromium atom has how many unpaired electrons?

A)1

B)2

C)4

D)5

E)6

Q3) Which of the following ground-state atoms is diamagnetic?

A)Ca

B)As

C)Cu

D)Fe

E)none of these

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Chapter 8: The Periodic Table

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Sample Questions

Q1) Which of the elements listed below has the smallest first ionization energy?

A)C

B)Ge

C)P

D)O

E)Se

Q2) Write the ground-state electron configuration for S<sup>2-</sup>.

Q3) The successive ionization energies of a certain element are I<sub>1 </sub>= 577.9 kJ/mol, I<sub>2 </sub>= 1820 kJ/mol, I<sub>3</sub>= 2750 kJ/mol, I<sub>4</sub> = 11,600 kJ/mol, and I<sub>5</sub> = 14,800 kJ/mol. This pattern of ionization energies suggests that the unknown element is A)K.

B)Al.

C)Cl.

D)Se.

E)Kr.

Q4) Write the ground-state electron configuration for Cr<sup>3+</sup>.

Q5) Write the ground-state electron configuration for I<sup>-</sup>.

Q6) Consider the following reaction: 3Li + Z \(\rarr\) Li<sub>3</sub>Z. What is a reasonable guess for the identity of element Z?

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Chapter 9: Chemical Bonding I: the Covalent Bond

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Sample Questions

Q1) Write a Lewis structure for the chlorite ion, ClO<sub>2</sub><sup>-</sup>, that expands the octet to minimize formal charge and if necessary places negative formal charges on the most electronegative atom(s).

Q2) Which of the following ionic solids would have the largest lattice energy?

A)KF

B)KI

C)LiF

D)LiI

E)NaF

Q3) Write a Lewis structure for the chlorate ion, ClO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>, that obeys the octet rule, showing all non-zero formal charges, and give the total number of resonance structures for ClO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> that obey the octet rule.

Q4) Classify the C - Cl bond in CCl<sub>4</sub> as ionic, polar covalent, or nonpolar covalent.

A)ionic

B)polar covalent

C)nonpolar covalent

Q5) Write the Lewis structure of ammonia (nitrogen trihydride).

Q6) Write the Lewis dot symbol for the sulfide ion.

Page 11

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Chapter 10: Chemical Bonding Ii: Molecular Geometry and Hybridization

of Atomic Orbitals

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Sample Questions

Q1) What is the hybridization of the iodine atom in the IF<sub>5</sub> molecule?

A)sp

B)sp<sup>2</sup>

C)sp<sup>3</sup>

D)sp<sup>3</sup>d

E)sp<sup>3</sup>d<sup>2</sup>

Q2) A homonuclear diatomic molecule is a molecule composed of three atoms of the same element.

A)True

B)False

Q3) Indicate the number of \(\pi\)-bonds in C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>6</sub>.

Q4) In which of the following would the bonding be strengthened with the addition of an electron to form the negative molecular ion?

A)C<sub>2</sub>

B)O<sub>2</sub>

C)N<sub>2</sub>

D)all of these

E)none of these

Page 12

Q5) Use VSEPR theory to explain why the water molecule is bent, rather than linear.

Q6) Which should have the longer bond, B<sub>2</sub> or B<sub>2</sub><sup></sup>?

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Chapter 11: Introduction to Organic Chemistry

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Sample Questions

Q1) The name for the compound with the formula CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>OH is A)propanol. B)propane.

C)butanol. D)pentane. E)pentanol.

Q2) Which one of these choices is the formula for an aldehyde?

A)CH<sub>3</sub>CHO

B)CH<sub>3</sub>OCH<sub>3</sub>

C)CH<sub>3</sub>COCH<sub>3</sub>

D)CH<sub>3</sub>COOH

E)HC\(\equiv\)CH

Q3) Which of these reactions leads to a change in the hybridization of one or more carbon atoms?

A)free radical halogenation of an alkane

B)hydrolysis of an ester to yield an acid and an alcohol

C)substitution of an aromatic ring using a halogen

D)oxidation of an alcohol to yield a carboxylic acid

E)neutralization of an amine using a strong mineral acid

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Chapter 12: Intermolecular Forces and Liquids and Solids

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Sample Questions

Q1) Helium atoms do not combine to form He<sub>2</sub> molecules, yet He atoms do attract one another weakly through

A)dipole-dipole forces.

B)ion-dipole forces.

C)dispersion forces.

D)dipole-induced dipole forces.

E)hydrogen bonding.

Q2) What mass of water would need to evaporate from your skin in order to dissipate 1.7 * 10<sup>5</sup> J of heat from your body? H<sub>2</sub>O(l)\(\rarr\) H<sub>2</sub>O(g)\(\Delta\)H<sub>vap</sub> = 40.7 kJ/mol

A)7.52 * 10<sup>4</sup> g

B)418 g

C)75.2 g

D)58.4 g

E)6.92 * 10<sup>6</sup> g

Q3) The meniscus for water is curved upward at the edges (i.e., it is "concave up"). Explain this phenomenon in terms of cohesion and adhesion.

Q4) Indicate all the types of intermolecular forces of attraction in He(l).

Q5) Indicate all the types of intermolecular forces of attraction in HCl(g).

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Chapter 13: Physical Properties of Solutions

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Sample Questions

Q1) An aqueous fructose solution having a density of 1.049 g/cm<sup>3</sup> is found to have an osmotic pressure of 17.0 atm at 25°C. Find the temperature at which this solution freezes. [Given: for water K<sub>f</sub> = 1.86 °C/m; molecular mass of fructose = 180.16 g/mol]

A)-1.52°C

B)-1.30°C

C)-1.57°C

D)-1.69°C

E)-1.41°C

Q2) Calculate the molality of a 20.0% by mass ammonium sulfate (NH<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> solution. The density of the solution is 1.117 g/mL.

A)0.150 m

B)1.51 m

C)1.70 m

D)1.89 m

E)2.10 m

Q3) Maple syrup is mostly a solution of sucrose in water. Calculate the molality of the syrup if a sample freezes at -0.50°C, assuming the solute is pure sucrose. [For water, K<sub>f</sub> is 1.86°C/m.]

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Chapter 14: Chemical Kinetics

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Sample Questions

Q1) The oxidation of iodide ions by arsenic acid in acidic aqueous solution occurs according to the net reaction H<sub>3</sub>AsO<sub>4</sub> + 3I<sup> - </sup>+ 2 H<sub>3</sub>O<sup> +</sup> \(\rarr\)H<sub>3</sub>AsO<sub>3</sub> + I<sub>3</sub><sup>- </sup>+ H<sub>2</sub>O. The experimental rate law for this reaction is

Rate = k [H<sub>3</sub>AsO<sub>4</sub>] [I<sup>-</sup>] [H<sub>3</sub>O<sup>+</sup>].

According to the rate law for the reaction, an increase in the concentration of hydronium ion has what effect on this reaction?

Q2) For the hypothetical reaction A + 3B \(\rarr\) 2C, the rate should be expressed as

A)rate = \(\Delta\)[A]/\(\Delta\)t.

B)rate = - \(\Delta\)[C]/\(\Delta\)t.

C)rate = -3 \(\Delta\)[B]/\(\Delta\)t.

D)rate =<sup> 1</sup>/<sub>2</sub> \(\Delta\)[C]/\(\Delta\)t.

E)rate = <sup>1</sup>/<sub>3</sub> \(\Delta\)[B]/\(\Delta\)t.

Q3) The activation energy for a certain reaction is 113 kJ/mol. By what factor (how many times)will the rate constant increase when the temperature is raised from 310 K to 325 K?

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Chapter 15: Chemical Equilibrium

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Sample Questions

Q1) Describe why addition of a catalyst does not affect the equilibrium constant for a reaction.

Q2) What conditions are used in the Haber process to enhance the yield of ammonia? Explain why each condition affects the yield in terms of the Le Châtelier principle.

Q3) For the common allotropes of carbon (graphite and diamond), C(gr)\(\rarr\)<sub> </sub>C(dia)with equilibrium constant K = 0.32. The molar volumes of graphite and diamond are, respectively, 5.30 cm<sup>3</sup>/mol and 3.42 cm<sup>3</sup>/mol; \(\Delta\)H<sub>f</sub> of diamond is 1.90 kJ/mol. This data suggests that the formation of diamond is favored at A)low temperatures and low pressures. B)high temperatures and low pressures. C)low temperatures and high pressures. D)high temperatures and high pressures.

Q4) The dissociation of solid silver chloride in water to produce silver ions and chloride ions has an equilibrium constant of 1.8 * 10<sup>-18</sup>. Based on the magnitude of the equilibrium constant, is silver chloride very soluble in water? Why?

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Chapter 16: Acids and Bases

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Sample Questions

Q1) Hard water deposits (calcium carbonate)have built up around your bathroom sink. Which one of these substances would be most effective in dissolving the deposits?

A)ammonia

B)bleach (sodium hypochlorite)

C)lye (sodium hydroxide)

D)vinegar (acetic acid)

Q2) HCN is classified as a weak acid in water. What does this classification mean?

Q3) Calculate the pH of a 6.71 * 10<sup>-2</sup> M NaOH solution.

A)12.83

B)2.17

C)11.82

D)6.71

E)1.17

Q4) When 2.0 * 10<sup>-2</sup> mole of nicotinic acid (a monoprotic acid)is dissolved in 350. mL of water, the pH is 3.05. What is the K<sub>a</sub> of nicotinic acid?

Q5) If the pH of liquid bleach is 12.0, what is the hydroxide ion concentration in this solution?

Q6) Write the chemical formula for hydrochloric acid.

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Chapter 17: Acid-Base Equilibria and Solubility Equilibria

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Sample Questions

Q1) Which response has both answers correct? Will a precipitate form when 250 mL of 0.33 M Na<sub>2</sub>CrO<sub>4</sub> are added to 250 mL of 0.12 M AgNO<sub>3</sub>? [K<sub>sp</sub>(Ag<sub>2</sub>CrO<sub>4</sub>)= 1.1 * 10<sup>-12</sup>] What is the concentration of the silver ion remaining in solution?

A)Yes, [Ag<sup>+</sup>] = 2.9 * 10<sup>-6</sup> M.

B)Yes, [Ag<sup>+</sup>] = 0.060 M.

C)Yes, [Ag<sup>+</sup>] = 1.3 * 10<sup>-4</sup> M.

D)No, [Ag<sup>+</sup>] = 0.060 M.

E)No, [Ag<sup>+</sup>] = 0.105 M.

Q2) The solubility of lead(II)iodide is 0.064 g/100 mL at 20<sup>o</sup>C. What is the solubility product for lead(II)iodide?

A)1.1 * 10<sup>-8</sup>

B)3.9 * 10<sup>-6</sup>

C)1.1 * 10<sup>-11</sup>

D)2.7 * 10<sup>-12</sup>

E)1.4 * 10<sup>-3</sup>

Q3) Write a net ionic equation for the reaction occurring when a small amount of sodium hydroxide solution is added to a buffer solution containing NH<sub>4</sub>Cl and NH<sub>3</sub>.

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Chapter 18: Thermodynamics

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Q1) Determine the equilibrium constant (K<sub>p</sub>)at 25°C for the reaction CO(g)+ H<sub>2</sub>O(g) \(\rarr\) CO<sub>2</sub>(g)+ H<sub>2</sub>(g) \(\Delta\)G° = -28.5 kJ/mol.

A)2.9 * 10<sup>-60</sup>

B)1.0 * 10<sup>-4</sup>

C)1.2

D)1.0 * 10<sup>5</sup>

E)3.4 * 10<sup>59</sup>

Q2) Choose the substance with the higher entropy per mole at a given temperature: O<sub>2</sub>(g)at 5 atm or O<sub>2</sub>(g)at 0.5 atm.

Q3) At 1500°C the equilibrium constant for the reaction CO(g)+ 2H<sub>2</sub>(g) \(\rarr\) CH<sub>3</sub>OH(g)has the value K<sub>p</sub> = 1.4 * 10<sup>-7</sup>.

Calculate \(\Delta\)G° for this reaction at 1500°C.

A)105 kJ/mol

B)1.07 kJ/mol

C)-233 kJ/mol

D)-105 kJ/mol

E)233 kJ/mol

Q4) How does the entropy change when a gas is converted to a liquid?

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Chapter 19: Redox Reactions and Electrochemistry

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Sample Questions

Q1) Calculate the standard cell emf for the following cell: Mg | Mg<sup>2+</sup> || NO<sub>3</sub><sup>- </sup>(acid soln)| NO(g)| Pt

A)3.33 V

B)1.41 V

C)-1.41 V

D)8.46 V

E)-8.46 V

Q2) A standard hydrogen electrode is immersed in an acetic acid solution. This electrode is connected by an external circuit to an iron nail dipping into 0.10 M FeCl<sub>2</sub>. If E<sub>cell</sub> is found to be 0.24 V, what is the pH of the acetic acid solution?

Q3) Consider the reaction Fe + Sn<sup>2+</sup>(1 * 10<sup>-3 </sup> M)\(\rarr\)Fe<sup>2+</sup>(1.0 M)+ Sn. In what direction do the Cl<sup>- </sup> ions in the KCl salt bridge flow?

Q4) An electroplating solution is made up of nickel(II)sulfate. How much time would it take to deposit 0.500 g of metallic nickel on a custom car part using a current of 3.00 A?

Q5) Will H<sub>2</sub>(g)form when Fe is placed in 1.0 M HCl?

Q6) Will H<sub>2</sub>(g)form when Sn is placed in 1.0 M HCl?

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Chapter 20: The Chemistry of Coordination Compounds

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Sample Questions

Q1) The electron configuration of a Co<sup>3+ </sup>ion is A)[Ar]3d<sup>6</sup>.

B)[Ar]4s<sup>1</sup>3d<sup>5</sup>.

C)[Ar] 4s<sup>2</sup>3d<sup>4</sup>.

D)[Ar]3d<sup>5</sup>.

E)[Ar]3d<sup>4</sup>.

Q2) How many geometric isomers are possible for the complex [CrF<sub>3</sub>Br<sub>3</sub>]<sup>3-</sup>? Draw these isomers.

Q3) In the complex ion [Fe(CN)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>4-</sup>, the oxidation number of Fe is

A)+1. B)+2. C)+3. D)-4. E)+6.

Q4) Predict the number of unpaired electrons in the [CrCl<sub>6</sub>]<sup>4-</sup> ion.

Q5) What is the oxidation number of cobalt in [Co(NH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>6</sub>]Cl<sub>3</sub>?

Page 23

Q6) Write the chemical formula of the dibromobis(oxalato)cobaltate(III)ion.

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Chapter 21: Nuclear Chemistry

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112 Verified Questions

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Sample Questions

Q1) A typical radius of an atomic nucleus is about

A)100 µm.

B)5000 mm.

C)100 nm.

D)5 * 10<sup>-3</sup> pm.

E)500 pm.

Q2) Describe the role of a moderator in a fission reactor, and give examples of two substances that are used as moderators.

Q3) Protactinium-234 has a half-life of 1 minute. How much of a 400. g sample protactinium would remain after 1 minute?

Q4) The rates of radioactive decay processes, like the rates of chemical reactions, are sensitive to temperature changes.

A)True

B)False

Q5) Naturally occurring uranium contains approximately 1% U-235 and 99% U-238. Of these, the isotope that undergoes fission in a nuclear reactor is U-238.

A)True

B)False

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Chapter 22: Organic Polymerssynthetic and Natural

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42 Verified Questions

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Sample Questions

Q1) Proteins occurring in the \(\beta\)-pleated sheet structure

A)are relatively inelastic.

B)never occur in nature.

C)produce structurally weak materials.

D)contain no peptide bonds.

E)are not involved in hydrogen bonds.

Q2) Amides are synthesized from two classes of organic compounds. Those two types of compounds are

A)carboxylic acids and alkenes.

B)amines and alcohols.

C)alcohols and carboxylic acids.

D)amines and carboxylic acids.

E)alkenes and amines.

Q3) Hydrogen bonding, dispersion forces, ionic forces, and dipole-dipole forces all affect the structure of a protein?

A)True

B)False

Q4) Both DNA and RNA have double-helical structures.

A)True

B)False

25

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