General Chemistry II
Exam Materials
Course Introduction
General Chemistry II builds upon the foundational principles introduced in General Chemistry I, delving deeper into concepts such as chemical kinetics, chemical equilibrium, acids and bases, thermodynamics, electrochemistry, and coordination chemistry. The course emphasizes quantitative problem-solving, laboratory techniques, and critical thinking skills, while exploring the molecular basis of chemical reactions, energy changes, and the properties of solutions. Students will also gain hands-on experience through laboratory experiments that reinforce theoretical concepts and develop practical skills essential for further study in the chemical sciences and related fields.
Recommended Textbook
Chemical Principles The Quest for Insight 7th Edition by Peter Atkins
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11 Chapters
1997 Verified Questions
1997 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Atoms
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Sample Questions
Q1) A node is a point at which the wavefunction becomes zero.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) Which of the following has the largest atomic radius?
A) S<sup>2-</sup>
B) Cl
C) Cl<sup>-</sup>
D) K<sup>+ </sup>
E) S
Answer: A
Q3) Which atom has the highest first ionization energy?
A) Mg
B) Ca
C) Sr
D) Ba
Answer: A
Q4) What is the inert-pair effect?
Answer: The inert-pair effect is the tendency to form ions two units lower in charge than expected from the group number.
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Chapter 2: Molecules
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the compounds below has bonds with the most covalent character?
A) NaCl
B) LiCl
C) CaCl<sub>2 </sub>
D) BeCl<sub>2 </sub>
E) MgCl<sub>2 </sub>
Answer: D
Q2) How many\( \sigma \)- and \(\pi \)-bonds, respectively,Are there in acrolein, CH<sub>2</sub>=CHCHO?
A) 4 and 2
B) 7 and 2
C) 5 and 2
D) 5 and 4
E) 7 and 1
Answer: B
Q3) Predict the electron arrangement in IF<sub>5</sub>.
Answer: Octahedral
Q4) Predict the electron arrangement in ClF<sub>3</sub>.
Answer: Trigonal bipyramidal
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Chapter 3: States of Matter
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Sample Questions
Q1) Ceramics are not brittle.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) How many octahedral holes are there in a face-centered cubic unit cell?
A) 6
B) 13 C) 12
D) 4
E) 8
Answer: D
Q3) A plot of the Maxwell distribution against speed for different molecules shows that
A) heavy molecules have a higher average speed.
B) light molecules have a very narrow range of speeds.
C) heavy molecules have a wide range of speeds.
D) light molecules have a lower average speed.
E) heavy molecules travel with speeds close to their average values.
Answer: E
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Chapter 4: Thermodynamics
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements is true?
A) Labile is a term that refers to the thermodynamic tendency of a substance to decompose.
B) A thermodynamically unstable compound is a compound with a positive standard free energy of formation.
C) Spontaneous reactions always have \(\Delta\)S<sub>r</sub>S1U1P1\(\circ\)S1S1P0 > 0.
D) Spontaneous reactions always have \(\Delta\)G<sub>r</sub>S1U1P1\(\circ\)S1S1P0 > 0.
E) Spontaneous reactions always have \(\Delta\)H<sub>r</sub>S1U1P1\(\circ\)S1S1P0< 0.
Q2) Calculate the standard entropy of fusion of ethanol at its melting point, 159 K. The standard molar enthalpy of fusion of ethanol at its melting point is 5.02 kJ.mol<sup>-</sup><sup>1</sup>.
A) -5.02 kJ.K<sup>-</sup><sup>1</sup>.mol<sup>-</sup><sup>1 </sup>
B) -31.6 J.K<sup>-</sup><sup>1</sup>.mol<sup>-</sup><sup>1 </sup>
C) +5.02 J.K<sup>-</sup><sup>1</sup>.mol<sup>-</sup><sup>1 </sup>
D) +31.6 J.K<sup>-</sup><sup>1</sup>.mol<sup>-</sup><sup>1 </sup>
E) -44.0 J.K<sup>-</sup><sup>1</sup>.mol<sup>-</sup><sup>1 </sup>
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Chapter 5: Equilibrium
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Sample Questions
Q1) Calculate the equilibrium constant for the following reaction at 25F1F1F1S1?F1F1F10C
2TiCl<sub>3</sub>(s)+
2HCl(g)F1S1S1W1?F1F1F10
2TiCl<sub>4</sub>(g)+ H<sub>2</sub>(g)
Given F1F1F1S1?F1F1F10GF1F1F1S1?F1F1F10 = +46.6 kJ.
A) 3.8 F1F1F1S1*F1F1F10 10F1F1F1S1<sup>-</sup>F1F1F10<sup>98 </sup>
B) 1.5 F1F1F1S1*F1F1F10 10F1F1F1S1<sup>-</sup>F1F1F10<sup>19 </sup>
C) 6.7 F1F1F1S1*F1F1F10 10F1F1F1S1<sup>-</sup>F1F1F10<sup>9 </sup>
D) 6.6 F1F1F1S1*F1F1F10 10<sup>18 </sup>
E) 1.5 F1F1F1S1*F1F1F10 10<sup>8 </sup>
Q2) The normal boiling point of ethanol is 78<sup>\(\omicron\)</sup>C.If the vapor pressure of ethanol is 13.3 kPa at 34.9<sup>\(\omicron\)</sup>C,calculate the enthalpy of vaporization of ethanol.
Q3) For a one-component system, at the triple point
A) f = 3.
B) f = 2.
C) p = 1.
D) f = 0.
E) f = 1.
Q4) What is the vapor pressure of carbon disulfide at its normal boiling point?
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Chapter 6: Reactions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is the weakest acid?
A) HNO<sub>3</sub>
B) HClO<sub>4</sub>
C) HClO<sub>2</sub>
D) HClO
Q2) What is the pH at the half-stoichiometric point for the titration of 0.88 M HNO<sub>2</sub>(aq) with 0.10 M KOH(aq)? For HNO<sub>2</sub>,K<sub>a</sub> = 4.3 * 10<sup>-</sup><sup>4</sup>.
A) 3.37
B) 2.01
C) 1.86
D) 7.00
E) 1.71
Q3) What is the main factor that directly determines the pH of any buffer?
Q4) True or false: the pH of 0.10 M and 0.40 M NaHCO<sub>3</sub>(aq) solutions is 8.31 for both?
A)True
B)False
Q5) The half-reaction that occurs at cathode when 1 M AgNO<sub>3</sub>(aq) is electrolyzed is __________________.
Page 8
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Chapter 7: Kinetics
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Sample Questions
Q1) Given:
4Fe<sup>2+</sup>(aq)+ O<sub>2</sub>(aq)+ 2H<sub>2</sub>O(l)\(\rightarrow\)4Fe<sup>3+</sup>(aq)+ 4OH<sup>-</sup>(aq)
Rate = k[Fe<sup>2+</sup>][OH<sup>-</sup>]<sup>2</sup>[O<sub>2</sub>]
The overall order of the reaction and the order with respect to O<sub>2</sub> are
A) 4 and 1.
B) 5 and 1.
C) 3 and 1.
D) 4 and 2.
E) 7 and 1.
Q2) An elementary process has an activation energy of 92 kJ/mol .If the enthalpy change for the reaction is -62 kJ/mol, What is the activation energy for the reverse reaction?
A) 154 kJ/mol
B) 62 kJ/mol
C) 92 kJ/mol
D) 30 kJ/mol
Q3) What is the half-life of a second order reaction?
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Chapter 8: The Main-Group Elements
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following has the largest atomic radius?
A) In
B) Ga
C) Ge
D) Al
Q2) The oxoacids of Group 17 have the general formula HXO<sub>n</sub>, where X is a halogen and n can take on values from 1 through 4.Which of the following is true?
A) As the oxidation number of X increases, the strength of the acid decreases.
B) As the oxidation number of X increases, the oxidizing strength of the acid increases.
C) Only the oxoacids with oxidation number +1 are strong acids.
D) The oxoacids with oxidation number +1 are reducing agents.
E) The oxoacids with oxidation number +7 are weak oxidizing agents.
Q3) The products of the disproportionation of chlorine in water are
A) HClO and O<sub>2</sub>
B) HClO and HCl
C) ClO<sub>2</sub> and H<sub>2</sub>
D) OH<sup>-</sup> and HCl
Q4) Write the formula of the hydride ion.
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Chapter 9: The D-Block Elements
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Sample Questions
Q1) How many oxidation states do most d-block elements have?
A) 0
B) 1
C) More than one
D) It depends on the ligands to which it is bound.
E) It depends on the number of unpaired d-electrons in the element.
Q2) A ligand is
A) a Lewis base.
B) necessary in a complex to balance the charge on the metal ion.
C) used to force octahedral geometry on a metal ion.
D) a Lewis acid.
E) used to precipitate metal ions from aqueous solution.
Q3) In the following reaction, what acts as the Lewis acid?
MgO(s)+ SO<sub>2</sub>(g) \( \rightarrow \) MgSO<sub>3</sub>(s)
Q4) Which of the following complexes is colorless?
A) Fe(OH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>6</sub><sup>2+</sup>
B) Cu(OH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>6</sub><sup>+</sup>
C) Cu(OH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>6</sub><sup>2+</sup>
D) Ti(OH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>6</sub><sup>3+</sup>
Page 11
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Chapter 10: Nuclear Chemistry
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Sample Questions
Q1) The outcomes of positron emission and electron capture are the same: the atomic number is reduced by 1.
A)True
B)False
Q2) In the following equations, fill in the missing species. (a)
___ + \({ } _ { - 1 } ^ { 0 } \mathrm { e }\)\(\rightarrow\) <sup>7</sup>Li (b) <sup>9</sup>Li \(\rightarrow\) ___ + \({ } _ { - 1 } ^ { 0 } \mathrm { e }\)
Q3) Which of the following nuclei is most likely to emit a positron?
A) <sup>246</sup>Am
B) <sup>59</sup>Ni
C) <sup>118</sup>Sn
D) <sup>33</sup>Cl
E) <sup>20</sup>Ne
Q4) Measurement by carbon-14 dating assumes that the proportion of C-14 in the atmosphere now and when the sample was alive is the same.
A)True
B)False
Q5) What is the product of the emission of a \(\beta\) particle from K-40?
Page 12
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Chapter 11: Organic Chemistry
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Sample Questions
Q1) Condensation polymerization involves the use of
A) one or two monomers, each with a nitrile group.
B) one or two monomers with reactive groups at each end of the molecules.
C) a monomer with a double bond.
D) a monomer with a triple bond.
E) one or two monomers, each with one reactive group.
Q2) What is the name of the molecule C<sub>2</sub>F<sub>4</sub>?
A) tetrafluoroethylene.
B) tetrafluoroethane.
C) tetrafluorethyne.
D) difluoromethylene.
E) none of the above.
Q3) When 2-methyl-1-butene reacts with HBr,the reaction occurs in two steps.What is the major product? (Hint: Intermediate carbocations are most stable when formed at tertiary carbons.)
Q4) There are two isomeric butanals that differ in the position of the carbonyl group.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Why do alkanes not react with boiling nitric acid?
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