General Biology Test Preparation
Course Introduction
General Biology is an introductory course that explores the fundamental principles and concepts of the biological sciences. Topics include the molecular and cellular basis of life, genetics and heredity, evolution and natural selection, organismal diversity, plant and animal physiology, and ecological relationships. The course emphasizes the scientific method, hands-on laboratory experiences, and real-world applications of biology to help students develop a foundational understanding of living systems and their interactions within the environment.
Recommended Textbook
Essentials of Ecology 4th Edition by Michael Begon
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14 Chapters
702 Verified Questions
702 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Ecology and How to Do It
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50 Verified Questions
50 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) To conduct a statistical test,you first need a ______.
A) P-value
B) A probability
C) A model
D) Null hypothesis
Answer: D
Q2) Ecologists may use which of these approaches to answer research questions?
A) Mathematical models
B) Controlled laboratory experiments
C) Manipulative field experiments
D) Observational data
Answer: A,B,C,D
Q3) The process of ______ is due to an excess of nutrient input.
A) Succession
B) Evolution
C) Eutrophication
D) None of the above
Answer: C
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3
Chapter 2: Ecologys Evolutionary Backdrop
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which two scientists derived the theory of evolution by means of natural selection?
A) Ernst Haeckel
B) Charles Darwin
C) Alfred Russel Wallace
D) Carl Linnaeus
Answer: B,C
Q2) Darwin's finches are often used as examples of what?
A) Human selection for unique bird breeds
B) Evolution on islands via allopatric speciation
C) Limited gene flow that resulted in hybrid species
D) Island biogeography
Answer: B
Q3) The change,over time,in the heritable characteristics of a population of species is known as _______?
A) Speciation
B) Natural Selection
C) Allopatric speciation
D) Evolution
Answer: D
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Physical Conditions and the Availability of Resources
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Sample Questions
Q1) Morphological examples of crypsis include
A) A species that is brightly colored
B) A species that resembles some part of the environment that is inedible
C) A species that matches the color of the environment
D) A species with a pattern that disrupts their outline
Answer: B,C,D
Q2) Which two answers describe how grazers interact with prey?
A) Grazers consume parts of many prey organisms
B) Grazers always kill their prey
C) Grazers usually do not kill their prey
D) Grazers feed only on plants
Answer: A,C
Q3) If a plant is prevented from transpiring,what do you expect the outcome will be?
A) The plant will likely experience cooler temperatures.
B) The plant will likely become overheated.
C) Nothing will happen; plants are prevented from transpiring all the time.
D) The plant will grow much more quickly.
Answer: B
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Chapter 4: Climate and the Worlds Biomes
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Sample Questions
Q1) When light from the sun hits Earth _____________,the intensity is greater relative to _______________.
A) At an oblique angle; light that hits at an acute angle
B) At a 90 degree angle; light that hits at an oblique or acute angle
C) At a vertical angle; light at the Equator
D) At a 90 degree angle; light at the Equator
Q2) What term defines the land area where all the water draining from it comes to a particular stream or river?
A) Vent
B) Tundra
C) Savannah
D) Watershed
Q3) Which term describes the number of species found in a particular area?
A) Niche
B) Species richness
C) Habitat density
D) Organismal density
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Chapter 5: Birth, Death and Movement
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Sample Questions
Q1) __________ denotes a populations intrinsic rate of natural increase.
A) r
B) K
C) N
D) t
Q2) What term describes a group of individuals of one species?
A) Cohort
B) Population
C) Carrying capacity
D) Guild
Q3) When an individual male leaves a pack in search of its own territory,this is referred to as _________?
A) Migration
B) Dispersal
C) Exodus
D) None of the above
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Page 7
Chapter 6: Interspecific Competition
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Sample Questions
Q1) Replicates of seed mixtures containing four species are sown at a high density.However,the seeds are sown two ways.One way,they are sown at random.The other way they are sown as single-species aggregations.If the results showed that the performance of the superior competitor of the four species was compromised when grown as an aggregation but that aggregation improved the performance of the three inferior competitors,what would you think?
A) Intraspecific competition was not strong and coexistence is not favored.
B) Interspecific and intraspecific competition did not matter because niche differentiation was more important.
C) Coexistence was favored by niche differentiation.
D) When planted as aggregations, this ensured that intraspecific competition was stronger than interspecific competition.
Q2) Why is it impossible to "prove" an evolutionary effect of interspecific competition?
A) Because you cannot directly observe evolution that has already occurred.
B) Because you cannot directly test interspecific competition.
C) Because you cannot control experiments for competition.
D) All of the above.
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Page 8
Chapter 7: Predation, Grazing and Disease
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which term defines an organism that reduces the growth,fecundity,or survival of another living organism that it consumes?
A) Prey
B) Saprotroph
C) Predator
D) Producer
Q2) When a zero isocline is used in a Lotka-Volterra predator-prey model,it will show that
A) Predator and prey populations are independent
B) Predator and prey populations depend on parasites
C) Predator and prey populations are mutually exclusive
D) Predator and prey populations are linked, with predator abundance tracking that of the prey
Q3) The defenses of turtles and armadillos are likely designed to _______:
A) Lower energy available to potential predators
B) Lower handling times of potential predators
C) Increase handling times of potential predators
D) None of these
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Chapter 8: Molecular and Evolutionary Ecology
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is one factor that appears to drive the coevolution of insect-plant arms races?
A) Flowering plants that require pollinators.
B) Plant toxins that have high specificity.
C) Quantitative compounds that plants produce, which have high specificity.
D) Herbivores that respond to plant chemical defenses that reduce digestion.
Q2) Each year individuals of a species of salamander return to the same pool where they were born to breed.This is an example of which of the following?
A) Philanthropy
B) Genetic drift
C) Natal philopatry
D) Local adaptation
Q3) When organisms of different species interact to their benefit this is referred to as what?
A) Parasitism
B) Coevolution
C) A mutualism
D) Symbiosis
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Chapter 9: From Populations to Communities
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following are examples where primary succession could occur?
A) A volcano erupted and created new bedrock
B) A tornado clears farm land
C) A glacier retreats and exposes substrate
D) Waves that sweep the shore
Q2) You have studied a population of birds over a three year period.You want to learn how this population experiences mortality at each phase of the life cycle.What analysis could you use to do this?
A) A k-value analysis
B) A meta-analysis
C) A structure analysis
D) A SNP analysis
Q3) An island is newly formed by a volcanic eruption.You want to follow what happens with plant communities on the island.What type of succession is this?
A) The climax stage of community succession
B) Primary succession
C) Secondary succession
D) None of the above
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Chapter 10: Patterns in Species Richness
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Sample Questions
Q1) The explanation(s)for the trend in greater species richness near the tropics than near the poles is:
A) Variation in energy input.
B) Greater evolutionary age of the tropics.
C) Decrease in habitat fragmentation.
D) Increase in trade winds.
Q2) Which of the following choices is a term that refers to diversity between communities?
A) Alpha diversity
B) Beta diversity
C) Kappa diversity
D) Gamma diversity
Q3) Functionally predation can act on a community to increase diversity.This affect on communities is similar to what we have seen with intermediate _____________.
A) Competition
B) Parasitism
C) Resources
D) Disturbances
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12
Chapter 11: The Flux of Energy and Matter Through Ecosystems
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Sample Questions
Q1) Consumption efficiency of an organism is 0.25,assimilation efficiency 0.25,production efficiency 0.45,and Rauto equaled 0.01.Which of these terms would you use to calculate the trophic transfer efficiency of this organism?
A) Consumption efficiency
B) Rauto
C) Assimilation efficiency
D) Production efficiency
Q2) If the ratio of nitrogen to phosphorous is slightly below 10:1 then _______.
A) It is below the Redfield ratio
B) It is at the Redfield ratio
C) It is above the Redfield ratio
D) None of the above
Q3) Which biome has the greatest overall NPP?
A) Tropical rain forest
B) Tundra
C) Tropical savanna
D) Temperate forest
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Page 13
Chapter 12: Global Biogeochemical Cycles and Their Alteration by Humans
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following are considered life-sustaining biophysical systems,as proposed by Rockstrom et al.?
A) The nitrogen cycle
B) The phosphorous cycle
C) The solar system
D) The waste cycle
Q2) Which factors most influence the sinks of atmospheric carbon dioxide?
A) The nitrogen cycle being altered by human activities
B) The phosphorus cycle being altered by animals
C) The increased frequency of fires in the tundra biome
D) The loss of biodiversity
Q3) The use of fertilizer has produced mixed environmental outcomes.Why?
A) Because it has promoted more crop growth but also an increase in plant diseases
B) Because it has promoted more food and less starvation but has also led to aquatic dead zones and amphibian deformities
C) Because it has led to less hunger and more biodiverse oceans
D) Because it has produced less hunger and fewer human related cancers
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Page 14
Chapter 13: Conservation Ecology
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Sample Questions
Q1) With regard to the size of a marine protected area (MPA),you would expect a MPA that is 50% of the size of an adjacent MPA to be __________ at protecting a fish population.
A) Less effective
B) More effective
C) Just as effective as a larger MPA
D) 50% less effective
Q2) Which of the following are accurate statements regarding taxa threatened with extinction (whether being critically endangered,endangered,or vulnerable)?
A) 50% of archaea are threatened with extinction
B) 20% of mammals are threatened with extinction
C) 32% of amphibians are threatened with extinction
D) 65% of birds are threatened with extinction
Q3) The term biodiversity can include?
A) Species richness
B) Genetic diversity
C) Community types
D) All of the above
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15
Chapter 14: The Ecology of Human Population Growth,
Disease, and Food Supply
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Sample Questions
Q1) Like many environmental issues the solutions are complex.While aquaculture provides much needed additional food it also __________
A) Releases excess nutrients and antibiotics into the environment
B) Requires jobs that few are interested in taking
C) Produces excess food that goes to waste
D) Will put fisheries out of business
Q2) Which of the following terms is used to explain a disease that appears in the human population for the first time or expands rapidly in incidence or geographic range?
A) Emerging infectious disease
B) Emergent zoospore
C) Emerging destructive disease
D) Emigrating disease propagule
Q3) In Europe which statement is correct?
A) Both the death rate and the birth rate have been increasing since 1890.
B) Both the death rate and birth rate have been declining since 1890.
C) The death rate has been increasing while the birth rate has been decreasing since 1890.
D) The death rate has been decreasing while the birth rate has been steady since 1890.
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