Gender Studies
Textbook Exam Questions
Course Introduction
Gender Studies is an interdisciplinary field that critically examines the social, cultural, and political constructions of gender and sexuality. This course explores how identities, roles, and power relations are shaped by gender, and analyzes the intersections with race, class, ethnicity, and nationality. Through various theoretical frameworks and case studies, students gain insights into feminist theories, masculinity and femininity, LGBTQ+ issues, and the impact of gender norms on society. The course encourages critical thinking, self-reflection, and an understanding of the ways in which gender influences experiences and opportunities across global contexts.
Recommended Textbook Transformations Women Gender and Psychology 3rd Edition by Mary Crawford
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Chapter 1: Paving the Way
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Sample Questions
Q1) Identify a true statement about feminists.
A) They believe that gender equality is possible.
B) They believe that social contexts shape people's behavior.
C) They believe that social contexts limit human potential.
D) All of these answers are correct.
Answer: D
Q2) Research on ethnic minorities of both sexes is scarce EXCEPT when A) the results are applicable to majority culture.
B) the emphasis is on ethnic individuals who have been assimilated into majority culture.
C) the focus is social problems like teen pregnancy or crime.
D) the purpose of the research is to demonstrate superiority of majority culture.
Answer: C
Q3) Conservatism bases its belief of traditional roles for women on A) biology.
B) social context.
C) religion.
D) biology and religion.
Answer: D
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3
Chapter 2: Gender, Status, and Power
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Q1) Adrienne sees the sales clerk in a store wearing jeans and a sweatshirt. She cannot decide whether the clerk is a man or a woman, so she searches for ________ such as makeup.
A) behavioral signals
B) gender cues
C) sex clues
D) sexual cues
Answer: B
Q2) To avoid being called names by the men working for her, Mikhala goes out of her way to appear warm and friendly. She is utilizing ________.
A) a double bind
B) visual dominance
C) a gender management strategy
D) neosexism
Answer: C
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Chapter 3: Images of Women
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to Puhl et al. (2013), which of the following has increased by 66 percent in the past decade for women and is now on par with rates of racial discrimination?
A) economic inequality
B) discrimination in career opportunities
C) the possibility of mental health issues
D) the prevalence of weight discrimination
Answer: D
Q2) Which of the following statements is true about slang referring to women?
A) They are likely to have sexual meaning.
B) They are likely to be analogous to art objects.
C) They are likely to be similar to parts of plants.
D) All of these answers are correct.
Answer: A
Q3) Which of the following best exemplifies television sexism?
A) showing more male than female characters
B) showing older female characters as compared to younger male characters
C) portraying more female characters than male characters disguised as demons
D) All of these answers are correct.
Answer: A
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Chapter 4: The Meanings of Difference
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Sample Questions
Q1) The three emotions that are thought to be characteristic of men are
A) anger, contempt, and pride.
B) amusement, interest, and jealousy.
C) disgust, embarrassment, and sadness.
D) guilt, shame, and happiness.
Q2) If a researcher tested both men and women on reasoning ability such that the men had college degrees and the women were high school graduates, then the level of education would be a
A) difference variable.
B) statistically significant variable.
C) confounding variable.
D) moderator variable.
Q3) In the context of math performance, which of the following best illustrates stereotype threat?
A) Women stereotype their own math abilities.
B) The fear of confirming the stereotype that women are bad at math may negatively impact women's math performance.
C) Boys and men stereotype girls and women more than girls and women do.
D) None of these answers is correct.
Q4) What are display rules? Provide examples in your discussion.
Page 6
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Chapter 5: Sex, Gender, and Bodies
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Q1) Explain Klinefelter's syndrome and Turner syndrome in terms of chromosomal abnormalities, reproductive capabilities, and external appearances.
Q2) During the first month or so after conception, ________.
A) the genetic sex of the fetus can be determined using an ultrasound machine
B) the fetus has a structure that will become either a penis or a clitoris
C) the genetic sex of the fetus has not yet been determined
D) the genetic sex of the fetus has not yet been determined, and the fetus has a structure that will become either a penis or a clitoris
Q3) Explain why sex is referred to as a binary system. Why is the term "binary system" misleading? What are some of the problems associated with using binary categorization of the behaviors of males and females?
Q4) Define "core gender identity" and describe how it develops.
Q5) "Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) affects more than just the appearance of the genitals; it also affects physical characteristics that others can see and use to stigmatize girls." Discuss the statement.
Q6) Discuss the search for a so-called "gay gene." Describe the evidence for the existence of such a gene. What are the criticisms of the research?
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Page 7
Chapter 6: Gendered Identities: Childhood and Adolescence
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Q1) Explain the cognitive developmental and gender schema theories of gender development that offer the intriguing idea that children willingly socialize themselves to be masculine or feminine.
Q2) In an Internet survey of 5,907 LGBT students aged 13 to 18 conducted by Mitchell et al. (2016), who among the following reported having been sexually harassed within the past year?
A) transgender youth
B) lesbian girls
C) genderqueer boys
D) bisexual girls
Q3) Which of the following tendencies is a gender difference in play for children?
A) Boys play violent video games and girls play with Barbie dolls.
B) Children avoid "opposite-gender" toys during preschool and elementary years.
C) Children express strong preferences for gender-typed toys.
D) All of these answers are correct.
Q4) Although the gender-typing process is difficult to avoid, some females manage to resist it. Discuss the various ways in which a girl may attempt to resist the gender-typing process. Is this resistance detrimental to the girl's psychological well-being?
Page 8
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Chapter 7: Sex, Love, and Romance
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Q1) In the context of sex talk, which of the following is NOT an example of sexist language?
A) girls being more likely to be taught vague terms such as "thingy" and "down there"
B) the many terms describing women and their genitals in specifically sexual ways
C) the use of the word "intercourse" to refer to sexual penetration
D) the double meaning of the term "screw" for sexuality and harm
Q2) Amnesty International has investigated female genital mutilation as A) a human rights issue.
B) a safe medical practice.
C) a valid cultural practice.
D) illegal.
Q3) Which of the following is the most common way for a woman to contract HIV in the United States?
A) by using intravenous drugs
B) through unprotected sex with a woman
C) through unprotected sex with a man
D) None of these answers is correct.
Q4) Describe a few ways in which different cultures control women's sexuality.
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Page 9
Chapter 8: Commitments: Women and Close Relationships
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Q1) Women seem to adjust better to divorce than men because
A) they tend to receive custody of the children.
B) they focus on building and maintaining networks of supportive friends and family.
C) they typically receive spousal support.
D) they only have to do housework for themselves again.
Q2) Marriages in which the partners have moved beyond gender to define their roles are referred to as
A) equalitarian marriages.
B) modern marriages.
C) post gender relationships.
D) privileged relationships.
Q3) Discuss the different forms of power found in marriages as described in the text.
Q4) Which of the following is a strain on remarriages that may lead to divorce?
A) stress from complex family structures and dynamics
B) conflicts over how to allocate money to various household members
C) people being less inclined to stay in unsatisfying relationships, having already divorced once
D) All of these answers are correct.
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Chapter 9: Mothering
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Q1) The safe, effective, nonsurgical abortion procedure using mifepristone (formerly RU-486) has only recently become available in the United States because
A) it has been shown to cause dangerous side effects in about 10 percent of women.
B) antiabortion groups prevented legalization as they were afraid the procedure would make abortions more private and easy to obtain and therefore less vulnerable to political pressure.
C) it has been shown to cause heavy and sustained bleeding in some women after use.
D) it has been shown to cause dangerous side effects in about 10 percent of women, and it has been shown to cause heavy and sustained bleeding in some women after use.
Q2) Which of the following is a reason for the "motherhood mystique" to persist?
A) It takes men out of the running for top-level jobs.
B) It has important functions for the patriarchal status quo.
C) It is used to justify women's higher status and pay at work.
D) All of these answers are correct.
Q3) Define pronatalism. Discuss the major issues related to this ideology.
Q4) Why is fathering a feminist issue?
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Page 11
Chapter 10: Work and Achievement
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Q1) ________ occurs when men tend to hold positions that have higher status and better pay than the jobs women hold within an organization or occupation.
A) Horizontal occupational segregation
B) Age stratification
C) Vertical occupational segregation
D) Class stratification
Q2) Which of the following is a difference that appears between women and men in the paid workforce?
A) kinds of work done by each
B) obstacles to satisfaction faced and achievements by each C) rewards received by each
D) All of these answers are correct.
Q3) Discuss the costs and benefits of a two-person career for women.
Q4) Based only on the following information, which of the following individuals is an example of a woman who participates in a two-person career?
A) Laura Bush (a former U.S. President's spouse)
B) Golda Meier (a former prime minister of Israel)
C) Madonna (a rock singer)
D) Angelina Jolie (actress/activist)
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Chapter 11: The Second Half: Midlife and Aging
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Q1) The leading causes of death for U.S. women include
A) heart disease.
B) breast cancer.
C) car accidents.
D) diabetes.
Q2) Which of the following is an accurate statement?
A) Women are more likely to become widows than men to become widowers.
B) Men who are widowed are likely to remarry.
C) Younger widows usually recover better from their loss than older widows.
D) All of these answers are correct.
Q3) Which of the following is true of women who care for elderly relatives?
A) They derive benefits from it.
B) They experience negative effects from it.
C) They do the job willingly.
D) All of these answers are correct.
Q4) Which of the following is true of the psychological experiences of menopause?
A) Depression is a normal part of menopause.
B) Menopause is unrelated to short-term moodiness.
C) Most women cope with the signs of menopause with little fuss.
D) Women feel dismayed that they can no longer become pregnant.
Page 13
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Chapter 12: Violence Against Women
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Sample Questions
Q1) Studies show most women in abusive relationships
A) make a "clean break" when they leave.
B) are never able to leave.
C) are able to leave only if the safety of their children is involved.
D) do manage to leave them, but usually after returning to the abuser several times.
Q2) Some scholars believe the term ________ should be reserved for material combining sexual themes with violence, dehumanization, degradation, or abuse.
A) pornography
B) erotica
C) sexually explicit media
D) XXX
Q3) The most common situation or context in which rape occurs is in societies
A) that approve or condone the use of violence.
B) where violence against men also is tolerated.
C) where men have little power relative to women.
D) where rape is punished severely.
Q4) Discuss "honor-based" violence as an example of violence against women stemming from sociocultural factors.
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Chapter 13: Psychological Disorders, Therapy, and Womens
Well-Being
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Q1) Which of the following is true of the "rest cure" that was used as the standard treatment for nervous disorders in the mid-nineteenth century?
A) The patient was isolated from his or her family and friends.
B) The patient was confined to bed.
C) The patient was "punished" for enjoying being ill.
D) All of these answers are correct.
Q2) An assault victim does not want to prosecute the offender or be counseled by a professional. Which of the following is likely to occur if her culture and socioeconomic group are not considered?
A) Her range of available options may be underestimated.
B) She is likely to be blamed for her own victimization.
C) Her coping strategies may be viewed more positively.
D) None of these answers is correct.
Q3) Provide examples of sexist prescription patterns and psychiatric diagnoses, including information on how the advertising industry targets women.
Q4) What is hysteria? Why is hysteria a biased diagnosis?
Q5) Discuss how feminist therapy is conducted. How does feminist therapy differ from non-feminist therapy?
Page 15
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Chapter 14: Making a Difference: Toward a Better Future for Women
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Q1) In which of the following ways can one make a difference as a student?
A) by using one's knowledge of the psychology of women and gender to work for change
B) by doing an independent study or thesis on women and gender
C) by asking questions in class when women are excluded or trivialized in readings and lectures
D) All of these answers are correct.
Q2) Describe the backlash against feminism over the last century. How is that backlash alive today?
Q3) In an ethnically diverse sample of nearly 500 college students, psychologist Kristin Anderson and her colleagues (2009) found that feminists
A) had significantly less hostility toward men than non-feminists.
B) were more likely to have non-feminist mothers than non-feminists.
C) were less likely to take women's studies courses than non-feminists.
D) had more problems seeing through and rejecting unrealistic ideals for women than non-feminists.
Q4) What can you do as a student to apply your learnings about feminism to your life? How can you educate others about women's issues?
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