Gender and Sport Exam Preparation Guide
Course Introduction
Gender and Sport explores the complex relationships between gender, sexuality, and athletic participation across various levels, from grassroots to elite competition. The course examines how social constructions of gender influence access, representation, and power dynamics within sporting contexts, as well as the ways in which sports both challenge and reinforce prevailing gender norms. Key topics include gender equity in sport policy, media portrayals of athletes, intersectionality, and the experiences of LGBTQ+ individuals in sport. Through critical analysis, students gain a deeper understanding of the ongoing struggles for inclusion, equality, and representation in the sporting world.
Recommended Textbook
Sports in Society Issues and Controversies 11th Edition by Jay Coakley
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15 Chapters
798 Verified Questions
798 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: The Sociology of Sport: What Is It and Why Study
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45 Verified Questions
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Q1) The connections between ideologies and sports are A)complex.
B)unchanging.
C)meaningless.
D)based on irrationality.
Answer: A
Q2) When the author says that the human body is social, this means that
A)muscular bodies have always been defined in positive ways.
B)all bodies are basically the same from one culture to another.
C)bodies have an essential physical quality that never changes.
D)meanings given to the body and body parts change over time .
Answer: D
Q3) Which of the following is a FALSE statement about ideologies?
A)Ideologies consist of ideas that people use to give meaning to the world.
B)Ideologies are stable and unchanging cultural perspectives.
C)Ideologies refer to the principles that underlie people's feelings and actions.
D)Ideologies emerge as people struggle over how to make sense of the world.
Answer: B
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Chapter 2: Producing Knowledge About Sports in Society:
How Is Knowledge Produced in the Sociology of Sport
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Q1) Theories that explain what is known about the ways that people express their values, ideas, and beliefs are called
A)structural theories.
B)action theories.
C)cultural theories.
D)interactionist theories.
Answer: C
Q2) In the chapter it is noted that personal theories, as opposed to sociological theories, A)have little practical value.
B)reproduce social worlds in their current forms.
C)are based on the immediate experiences of individuals.
D)enable people to anticipate general social events.
Answer: C
Q3) Messner's research findings enabled him to explain that gender consists of A)meaning, performance, and organization.
B)a collection of traits that identify a person's status in life.
C)patterns of action related to sex hormones.
D)the sexual orientations of human beings.
Answer: A
Page 4
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Chapter 3: Sports and Socialization: Who Plays and What Happens to Them
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Q1) Studies using a qualitative approach have found that becoming involved and staying involved in sports primarily is the result of
A)what parents want their children to do with their lives.
B)the needs of the social system of which a person is a part.
C)social forces that exist outside people and determine their decisions.
D)continuing processes of decision-making in people's lives.
Answer: D
Q2) In the United States, the young people most likely to receive encouragement from friends, family, coaches, and teachers to play sports if they
A)have Asian heritage.
B)are African Americans.
C)are Caucasians.
D)have Latino heritage.
Answer: B
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Chapter 4: Sports for Children: Are Organized Programs
Worth the Effort
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Q1) The Youth Sports National Report Card described in the chapter has
A)had a major impact on privately organized youth sports programs.
B)forced parents and coaches to make significant changes in their behavior.
C)given parents a way to control the leagues in which their children participate.
D)had no significant impact on youth sports in the United States.
Q2) Research indicates that the talent development process for people who excel in a particular activity begins with
A)an understanding that sacrifice and constant practice are required.
B)structured activities and adult guidance.
C)exploration, unstructured play, and expressive fun in an activity.
D)highly repetitive experiences organized around a particular activity.
Q3) The author notes that sport development experts worldwide agree that A)coaching education is not essential in youth sports.
B)children are ready at 5-years old to learn how to play team positions.
C)successful coaches always treat child athletes as potential stars.
D)children under 8-years old should not play highly organized sports.
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Page 6
Chapter 5: Deviance in Sports: Is It Out of Control
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Q1) An absolutist approach to deviance in sports is based on the assumption that
A)there are no ideals in society.
B)humans have inborn tendencies to be evil.
C)humans have inborn tendencies to be moral.
D)unchanging moral truths are the foundation for all norms.
Q2) Data presented in the chapter indicate that felony rates among NFL players are
A)twice as high as they are for comparable men in the society as a whole.
B)lower than they are for comparable men in the society as a whole.
C)highest among players who make the minimum salary in the NFL.
D)so low that they should not be considered as a problem.
Q3) When athletes collectively dedicate themselves to a goal and willingly endure pain and make sacrifices to achieve it, they often create a social world in which
A)coaches lose control of players.
B)players tend to burn out at high rates.
C)the athletes cannot understand the motivation of teammates.
D)deviant overconformity becomes normalized.
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Chapter 6: Violence in Sports: How Does It Affect Our Lives
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Q1) Historical evidence shows that compared to spectators in the past, spectators today are
A)less violent and less likely to disrupt action on the field.
B)more violent in the stands but less violent around the stadium.
C)less violent in the stadium but more violent around it.
D)more violent and more likely to use weapons in their violence.
Q2) It is difficult to reduce the injuries that occur in power and performance sports because
A)most serious injuries occur within the rules in these sports.
B)human beings are inherently violent.
C)most parents encourage their children to be aggressive in sports.
D)people who choose to play these sports have strong aggressive tendencies.
Q3) Information on violence in women's contact sports suggests that women are
A)genetically predisposed to be less violent than men are.
B)more likely than men to be violent in response to the commands of a coach.
C)less likely than men to use violence as proof of their sexual identity.
D)becoming less violent in sports as rewards for success become greater.
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Chapter 7: Gender and Sports: Is Equity Possible
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Q1) A woman coach is hired in an all-male athletic department.The search committee concluded that she was qualified because she coached like a man.This shows that the athletic department is A)male-dominated.
B)male-identified.
C)male-oriented.
D)male-centered.
Q2) People maintain a silence about gay men in sports primarily because A)there are so few gay men who play sports.
B)gay men don't want to live publicly as gay.
C)men have much to lose if gender boundaries are blurred.
D)most men who play sports are latent homosexuals.
Q3) Most people around the world agree that girls and women should have opportunities t play sport, but they often disagree on A)how women should train.
B)what sports they should play and the resources they should receive.
C)the ways that girls should be socialized into sports.
D)the kinds of equipment girls and women should use while playing.
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Chapter 8: Race and Ethnicity:
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Q1) Racial and ethnic exclusion occurs today at the community level, where it is
A)tied to ethnic traditions that discourage sport participation.
B)perpetuated by the racism of people who work in public sport programs.
C)hidden behind participation fees and lack of access to transportation.
D)based on a lack of knowledge about how to organize sports.
Q2) Sport participation among Native Americans is limited due to poverty, poor health, a lack of equipment and facilities, and the fear that plaing mainstream sports will
A)lead to serious injuries that will interfere with occupational success.
B)violate the ancient religious traditions of their ancestors.
C)lead to conflict with other minority athletes on their teams.
D)cut them off from their cultural roots and identities.
Q3) In the box, Identity Theft? Using Native American Names and Images in Sports, it is noted that team
A)names like Savages inspire pride among most Native Americans.
B)names like Chiefs inspire white students to respect Native Americans.
C)mascots like Chief Wahoo is a form of bigotry.
D)mascots like Seminole, the Florida State horse, reaffirm Native American history.
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Chapter 9: Social Class: Do Money and Power Matter in Sports
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Q1) Data on athletic scholarships in NCAA schools indicate that
A)over 60 percent of all athletes play with no athletic scholarships.
B)nearly all athletes in all NCAA divisions receive some form of athletic aid.
C)athletic scholarships guarantee that athletes will graduate in 6 years.
D)more students receive athletic scholarships than is popularly believed.
Q2) The lifestyles of middle-income and working class people are most likely to include those sports that have traditionally been
A)free, open, and sponsored with public funds.
B)physical, aggressive and sometimes violent.
C)family-oriented and played indoors.
D)highly competitive and played outdoors.
Q3) Data on global income and living conditions show that
A)nearly half the people in the world lack the resources to play organized sports.
B)in ten years most people in developing nations will escape poverty.
C)most elite athletes today are from the poorest nations in the world.
D)the poorest children in the world have the most leisure time to play sports.
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Chapter 10: Age and Ability: Barriers to Participation and Inclusion
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Q1) An impairment becomes a disability only when
A)people with impairments allow a physical weakness to define them.
B)there is no technology that can correct the impairment.
C)people with impairments cannot present themselves to others as normal.
D)accommodations are not made to allow for full participation in a situation.
Q2) Given the current ableist ideology in North America, most social worlds are organized in ways that lead older people and people with a disability to
A)have easy access to forming social relationships with others.
B)be treated as special and superior to others.
C)be segregated from mainstream activities.
D)seek opportunities to play sports.
Q3) The belief that rigorous physical exercise enables people to stay youthful and healthy
A)can lead people to conclude that illness is a sign of irresponsibility.
B)provides hope that health care costs can be contained in an aging society.
C)has been proven repeatedly in research de by exercise physiologists.
D)is dangerous because older people don't know hows to exercise properly.
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Page 12
Chapter 11: Sports and the Economy: What Are the Characteristics of
Commercial Sports
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Q1) Which of the following is most likely to be emphasized in commercial sports?
A)The style and excitement of movement by athletes.
B)The technical physical abilities of athletes.
C)The willingness of athletes to explore limits without surpassing them.
D)The commitment that athletes have to stay in their sports.
Q2) The power of organizations that control amateur sports is primarily related to A)the number of their athletes who have successful careers outside of sports.
B)their relationships with political leaders and governmental agencies.
C)the money they generate through sport events and sponsorships.
D)the organizational abilities of their administrators.
Q3) Spectator interest in sports is related to a combination of the level of risk or rewards associated with an event, anticipated displays of excellence or heroics, and A)the uncertainty of an event's outcome.
B)the price of tickets to the event.
C)the seriousness of the injuries that may occur during the event.
D)the clarity of the rules and regulations in the event.
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Page 13
Chapter 12: Sports and the Media: Could They Survive
Without Each Other
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Q1) The most effective way to reduce subtle forms of racial, ethnic, and national bias in the media coverage of sports is to hire at all levels of media production people who
A)have degrees in communication studies.
B)see the world in colorblind ways.
C)come from diverse racial, ethnic, and national backgrounds.
D)have had experiences in jobs that are unrelated to sport.
Q2) Research on media audiences shows that
A)men and women who live together often watch sports together.
B)"football widows" are more common than many people believe.
C)watching television sports is the primary leisure activity of U.S.adults.
D)watching sports is disruptive for most married couples.
Q3) Which of the following is NOT a reason that global corporations have become more involved as sponsors of sports?
A)Sport events attract audiences full of potential consumers of products.
B)Sport images and athletes can be used to market products worldwide.
C)Sports are covered in a way that makes people more active as citizens.
D)Sport images can be used to promote a way of life based on consumption.
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Page 14
Chapter 13: Sports and Politics: How Do Governments and Global Political Processes Influence
Sports
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Q1) In the box, Olympism and the Olympic Games, Bruce Kidd, a former Olympian and now a physical educator, suggests that the Olympics be changed so that
A)the personal tragedies and experiences of athletes are highlighted more.
B)athletes are selected to compete on the basis of athletic skills only.
C)the service of athletes is central in athlete selection and media coverage.
D)the needs of corporate sponsors are presented in more human terms.
Q2) Governments become involved in sports because they often are the only organizations with
A)the authority to pay high salaries to athletes.
B)the power and capital needed to sponsor events and build major facilities.
C)officials who do not have conflicts of interests related to sports.
D)the legal connections needed to deal with national sports leagues.
Q3) Sports in recent years have become framed in new terms.Which of the following best describes this change?
A)Commercial interests have become increasingly important.
B)National loyalties and national identities are no longer important.
C)Events are now athletic-political rather than athletic-economic.
D)Politicians arrange most events today for persaonal purposes.
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Chapter 14: Sports in High School and College: Do
Competitive Sports Contribute to Education
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Q1) Making a positive connection between playing college sports and achieving social and academic goals is most likely when athletes
A)gradually develop anti-intellectual norms among themselves.
B)are focused on developing future careers as professional athletes.
C)form athlete organizations that subvert the authority of their coaches.
D)receive social support for academic achievement and academic identities.
Q2) The budget inequality in U.S.high schools means that the top high school sport programs in the nation are in private schools or schools located in wealthy residential areas.According to the author, this
A)will lead many universities cut scholarships in certain sports.
B)will force mergers of public and private schools to preserve sport conferences.
C)creates a system in which program inequality reproduces itself year after year.
D)will cause a decline in the program inequality at the university level.
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Chapter 15: Sports and Religions: Is
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Q1) In the box, Allah's Will, the experiences of Hassiba Boulmerka illustrate that
A)Muslims must adopt secular values to improve their lives.
B)radical feminism has been widely accepted by most Muslims.
C)nearly all Muslim women reject Islamic beliefs related to the body.
D)the bodies of Muslim women are at the center of struggles over values.
Q2) A social constructionist approach to sports and religions is based primarily on A)cultural and interactionist theories.
B)psychological and sociological theories.
C)Freudian and structural theories.
D)interactionist and feminist theories.
Q3) The rapid global diffusion of work-related achievement values has
A)intensified the connection between sports and all world religions.
B)muted the influence of religious beliefs on athletic success.
C)boosted the influence of Protestantism on athletic success.
D)led athletes to seek new religions that will guide them in sports.
Q4) The major religious-sport organizations in the U.S.tend to
A)work hard on social issues and creating social change.
B)be comprised of both Muslims and Christians.
C)attract immigrants who come from Catholic countries.
D)emphasize conservative, fundamentalist Christian orientations.
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