Fundamentals of Speech Textbook
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Course Introduction
Fundamentals of Speech introduces students to the principles and practices of effective oral communication. The course covers foundational concepts such as the communication process, audience analysis, topic selection, speech organization, and delivery techniques. Students will develop critical thinking and public speaking skills through preparing, practicing, and presenting various types of speeches, including informative, persuasive, and special occasion addresses. Emphasis is placed on overcoming speech anxiety, using visual aids effectively, and providing constructive feedback to peers. By the end of the course, students will gain confidence and competence in both formal and informal speaking situations.
Recommended Textbook
Public Speaking An Audience Centered Approach 9th Edition by Steven A. Beebe
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Chapter 1: Speaking With Confidence
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Q1) A message is usually transmitted from sender to receiver via two channels: visual and _____.
Answer: auditory
Q2) Discuss three ways in which public speaking differs from conversation.
Answer: Public speaking differs from conversation in three primary ways.First,public speaking requires more preparation than conversation;a public speaker might spend hours or even days planning and practicing his or her speech before delivering it.Second,public speaking is more formal than conversation;the slang or casual language we often use in conversation is usually not appropriate for most public speaking.Finally,public speaking involves more clearly defined roles for speaker and audience than conversation;during a conversation,there is typically interaction between speaker and listener but this is not the case in public speaking.
Q3) Smiles,head nods,eye contact,and clapping from audience members are all forms of A)encoding.
B)decoding.
C)internal noise.
D)feedback.
Answer: D
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Chapter 2: Presenting Your First Speech
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Q1) A ______ is a concise statement indicating what you want your listeners to be able to do,remember,or feel when you finish your speech.
A)general purpose
B)central idea
C)specific purpose
D)blueprint statement
Answer: C
Q2) When developing an outline,you should indicate your main points by using A)capital letters.
B)lowercase letters.
C)bullet points.
D)Roman numerals.
Answer: A
Q3) Supporting material should be personal and concrete,and it should appeal to your listeners' senses.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q4) A ______ is a one-sentence summary of the speech content. Answer: central idea
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Chapter 3: Speaking Freely and Ethically
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Q1) When citing your sources orally in a speech,you should
A)say "quote,unquote."
B)make quote signs with your fingers.
C)state briefly the author,title,and year.
D)give the full Internet address.
Answer: C
Q2) What is the relationship between ethics and credibility?
Answer: A credible speaker is one whom an audience perceives to be competent,knowledgeable,dynamic,and trustworthy.The last of those four factors-trustworthiness-is dependent in large part on the speaker's known consistent adherence to ethical principles.Essentially,you trust people whom you believe to be ethical.
Q3) In 1964,the Supreme Court ruled that before a public official can recover damages for slander,he or she must prove that
A)the speech presented "a clear and present danger."
B)the slanderous statement was made with "actual malice."
C)the speaker's intention was minority discrimination.
D)his or her actions did not in some way inspire the slander.
Answer: B
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Chapter 4: Listening to Speeches
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Q1) What is your listening goal when you watch TV,listen to music,go to a movie,or chat with a friend?
A)pleasure
B)empathy
C)information
D)evaluation
Q2) Listening skills develop as you practice listening to speeches,music,and programs with demanding content.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Your own thoughts are among the biggest competitors for your attention when you are a member of an audience.
A)True
B)False
Q4) _____ is the process of drawing a conclusion from evidence within the logical framework of an argument.
Q5) _____ are words,images,and behaviors that create meaning for others.
Q6) List and describe the four different styles of listening.
Q7) What makes a source credible?
Page 6
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Chapter 5: Analyzing Your Audience
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Q1) Statistical information on population characteristics such as age,race,gender,education,and religious views is known as
A)ethnicity.
B)demographics.
C)speech content.
D)socioeconomic status.
Q2) A public speaker seeks to establish a(n)______,or ongoing connection,with audience members by identifying common ground with them.
A)relationship
B)camaraderie
C)mentorship
D)attachment
Q3) ______ is the culturally constructed and psychologically based perception of one's self as feminine or masculine.
A)Gender
B)Sex
C)Affectional orientation
D)Ethnicity
Q4) A _____ is an enduring concept of good and bad,right and wrong.
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Chapter 6: Developing Your Speech
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Q1) How does a speaker brainstorm for a topic?
Q2) When you word a specific purpose in terms of desired audience behavior it is known as a
A)thesis.
B)demographic objective.
C)behavioral objective.
D)functional purpose.
Q3) The ______ is decided solely by the speaker since it depends on the behavioral change the speaker expects from the audience at the end of the speech.
A)general purpose
B)specific purpose
C)central idea
D)functional purpose
Q4) State the guidelines for preparing a specific purpose.
Q5) A disadvantage to searching the Web for a topic idea is that it doesn't aid in developing a preliminary bibliography while you are searching for the topic.
A)True
B)False
Q6) The ______ of any speech is to inform,to persuade,or to entertain.
Page 8
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Chapter 7: Gathering and Using Supporting Material
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Q1) Once you have arranged an interview with an authority on your speech topic,what is your next task?
A)ask the interviewee if you may audio- or video-tape the interview
B)conduct the interview with your interviewee as professionally as possible
C)plan for the interview by conducting research and planning specific questions
D)determine how you will use the interview information in your speech
Q2) A lengthy illustration with a plot-a beginning,complications,a climactic point,and an end is called a(n)_____ illustration.
A)hypothetical
B)brief
C)extended
D)literal
Q3) A literal analogy is a comparison between two similar things.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What three things should you do to prepare for an interview?
Q5) The best illustrations are personal ones.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Why should a speaker use multiple brief illustrations?
Page 9
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Chapter 8: Organizing and Outlining Your Speech
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Q1) Organizing speech ideas according to direction and location is an example of a _____ pattern.
A)topical
B)chronological
C)spatial
D)cause-effect
Q2) In her presentation to the school board about plans for the new physical fitness facility,Ms.Anderson described how the various workout areas,gyms,locker rooms,and physical therapy facilities would be located within the building.Which organizational pattern was Ms.Anderson using in her presentation?
A)topical
B)spatial
C)problem-solution
D)chronological
Q3) Previews and transitions are signposts but summaries are not.
A)True
B)False
Q4) _____ organization focuses on a problem and then on various solutions or a solution and the problems it would solve.
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Chapter 9: Introducing and Concluding Your Speech
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Q1) _____ is an audience's perception of a speaker as a believable authority and competent speaker.
Q2) Which of the following is a purpose of a speech conclusion?
A)provide new material
B)summarize the main ideas
C)stir guilt in the audience
D)fade out gradually
Q3) Startling an audience with the extent of a situation or problem invariably catches their attention but discourages them from listening further.
A)True
B)False
Q4) ______ is the quality of a conclusion that makes a speech "sound finished."
A)Closure
B)Proximity
C)Credibility
D)Charisma
Q5) How can a speaker turn questions into an effective introduction?
Q6) The quality of a conclusion that makes a speech sound finished is called _____.
Q7) A _____ question is intended to provoke a thought rather than elicit an answer.
Q8) An _____ is an illustration or story.
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Chapter 10: Using Words Well: Speaker Language and Style
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Q1) The statement,"Now is the time for determination,decisiveness,and dedication" employs what linguistic device?
A)antithesis
B)alliteration
C)repetition
D)parallelism
Q2) What is wrong with the following statement in a speech? "If you believe we should have stiffer penalties for juvenile offenders,then write your congressman."
A)The language is controversial and likely to incite a negative emotional response in listeners.
B)The language is sexist,as the term "congressman" implies only men serve in the legislature.
C)The language should be more vivid and specific in order to move the audience to action.
D)The statement employs the use of jargon.
Q3) What stylistic devices can a speaker use to create drama? Give an example of each.
Q4) _____ is language used by speakers during momentous or overwhelming times.
Q5) What are the major differences between oral and written language styles?
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Chapter 11: Delivering Your Speech
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Q1) In a Q & A session,repeating an audience members question can help you by
A)ensuring that you understand the question before you deliver your answer.
B)demonstrating your critical listening skills.
C)giving the audience more time to think of other questions.
D)reducing your speaking anxiety.
Q2) Nonverbal communication is communication other than written or spoken language that creates meaning.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Explain the four methods of speech delivery and list the advantages and disadvantages of each.
Q4) According to ______ theory,a speaker should pay attention to how emotions are communicated when delivering a speech because people tend to "catch" the emotions of others.
A)emotional contagion
B)nonverbal expectancy
C)communication delivery
D)verbal expectancy
Q5) Gestures that add meaning to your verbal message are known as ______ gestures.
Q6) List six guidelines for using gestures effectively.
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Chapter 12: Using Presentation Aids
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Q1) Describe and explain the four different types of graphs identified in the text.
Q2) Generally,the speaker can serve as a presentation aid to demonstrate or illustrate major points.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Taylor is leading a planning session for the marketing department of her company,and she wants to use a presentation aid that can help her summarize comments from co-workers during her presentation.Which type of presentation aid would best fit her needs?
A)a flip chart
B)a model
C)a line graph
D)a pie graph
Q4) A presentation aid is any object that reinforces your point verbally so that your audience can understand it.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Particular styles of typefaces are called ______.
Q6) What are some of the advantages of using charts as presentation aids?
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Q7) A _____ is anything tangible that helps communicate an idea to an audience.
Chapter 13: Speaking to Inform
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Q1) Identify and explain the four different learning styles.
Q2) Roberto gave an informative speech about the life and artistic accomplishments of Andy Warhol.What type of informative speech did Roberto deliver?
A)a speech about ideas
B)a speech about events
C)a speech about people
D)a speech about procedures
Q3) When you describe,you provide more detail than you do when just defining something.
A)True
B)False
Q4) List the five different types of informative speeches and for each one provide a description and its typical organizational pattern.
Q5) The art and science of teaching adults to learn is A)pedagogy.
B)andragogy.
C)analogy.
D)ideology.
Q6) Identify three goals of speaking to inform.
Page 15
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Chapter 14: Understanding Principles of Persuasive Speaking
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Q1) When Jeri tries to persuade listeners to take action against a corporation that is polluting her community's waterways because the pollutants in the water have been linked to an increased risk of cancer,she is appealing to listeners' _____ needs.
A)safety
B)physiological
C)social
D)self-esteem
Q2) Aristotle used the term logos to refer to the use of appeals to emotion.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The personal need to achieve our highest potential is known as the need for A)self-esteem.
B)emotional values.
C)self-actualization.
D)psychological reassurance.
Q4) _____ is the sense of mental discomfort that prompts a person to change when new information conflicts with previously organized thought patterns.
Q5) Define and give an example of a proposition of fact.
Q6) A _____ is a characteristic of something that you are describing.
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Chapter 15: Using Persuasive Strategies
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Q1) A fallacy is false reasoning that occurs when someone attempts to persuade without adequate evidence or with arguments that are irrelevant or inappropriate.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The red herring fallacy is used when someone attacks an issue by using irrelevant facts or arguments as distractions.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Marty's persuasive speech was about gun control and school violence.He made the statement,"Either we take guns out of the hands of everyone in this country,except the police and military,or we can expect massacres in schools all over this country." This kind of argument represents
A)a bandwagon fallacy.
B)an ad hominem fallacy.
C)an appeal to misplaced authority.
D)an either/or fallacy.
Q4) List and provide an example of three different types of fallacies.
Q5) List five tips for using emotion to persuade.
Q6) An all-encompassing statement is a ______.
Page 17
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Chapter 16: Speaking for Special Occasions and Purposes
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Q1) A ______ occurs when someone switches the initial sounds of words in a single phrase.
Q2) In a ______ presentation,audience members direct questions and comments to a group,and group members respond with short impromptu speeches.
A)symposium
B)forum
C)panel discussion
D)news briefing
Q3) A brief,accurate speech where the goals are to provide information about another speaker and build his or her credibility is
A)a speech of introduction.
B)a toast.
C)a commemorative address.
D)an award presentation.
Q4) What is a malapropism? Provide a specific example.
Q5) A toast is a brief salute to a momentous occasion.
A)True
B)False
Q6) List and explain four strategies for achieving humor in after-dinner speeches.
Page 18
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