Fundamentals of Sociology Exam Questions
Course Introduction
Fundamentals of Sociology introduces students to the foundational principles, concepts, and methods of the sociological perspective. The course explores how individuals and groups interact within various social structures, considering topics such as culture, socialization, institutions, social stratification, and collective behavior. Students will learn to critically analyze social issues, patterns of inequality, and the impact of social change, drawing on classical and contemporary sociological theories. Through case studies and real-world examples, the course fosters an understanding of how society shapes individuals and how individuals, in turn, contribute to societal development.
Recommended Textbook
Essentials of Sociology 4th Edition by Anthony Giddens
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Chapter 1: Sociology: Theory and Method
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Sample Questions
Q1) Following C.Wright Mills,sociologists refer to breaking free from the immediacy of personal circumstances and putting things in a wider social context as the:
A)accumulation of capital
B)psychologization process
C)emergence theory
D)recognition of self
E)sociological imagination
Answer: E
Q2) According to the book,__________ was the first to turn a sociological eye on previously ignored issues such as marriage,children,domestic and religious life,and race relations.
A)Voltarine de Cleyre
B)Gloria Steinem
C)Harriet Martineau
D)Lucy Parsons
E)W.E.B.Du Bois
Answer: C
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Chapter 2: Culture and Society
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Q1) The book refers to the emergence of machine production based on the use of inanimate power resources (such as steam or electricity)as:
A)capitalism
B)communization
C)feudal progression
D)linearity
E)industrialization
Answer: E
Q2) Alice stole a bit of money from her friend Rosa to buy groceries.Rosa finds out and angrily chastises Alice for her behavior.What does this exchange demonstrate?
A)labeling theory
B)socialism
C)reinforcement of norms
D)a deviant career
E)mutual exchange
Answer: C
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4
Chapter 3: Socialization, the Life Course, and Aging
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82 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) By what age do children generally have a partial understanding of what gender is?
A)ten
B)at birth
C)five
D)two
E)all of the above
Answer: D
Q2) Which of the following best describes the relationship between identity and socialization,according to sociologists?
A)Through socialization, individuals are robbed of their individuality and free will.
B)Through socialization, we lose the identity we were born with.
C)Through socialization, each person develops an identity and capacity for individual thought and action.
D)After the age of twelve we have already been socialized into the identity that we will have for the rest of our lives.
E)There is no relationship between socialization and identity.
Answer: C
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Social Interaction and Everyday Life in the Age of the Internet
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Sample Questions
Q1) People engage in __________ to reconcile their role in one part of life with their role in another part of their social world.
A)gender segregation
B)audience segregation
C)social management
D)deception
E)role swapping
Q2) According to sociologists,all of us have multiple social roles.What are your social roles,and how are they related to your social position?
Q3) Social positions can be both general and specific.Which of the following is an example of a specific social position in American society?
A)race
B)doctor
C)gender
D)sexual orientation
E)ethnicity
Q4) What is impression management? Give an example of how a college student engages in impression management when interacting with professors.
Page 6
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Chapter 5: Groups, Networks, and Organizations
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Sample Questions
Q1) Max Weber concluded that the closer bureaucracies were to the ideal type,the more __________ they would become.
A)ineffective in achieving their objectives
B)effective in achieving their objectives
C)loose and informal
D)like a feudal estate
E)like a democracy
Q2) Nelson Mandela directed the dissolution of apartheid in South Africa.What kind of leader was he?
A)Mandela was a transformational leader.
B)Mandela was a transactional leader.
C)Mandela was a despot.
D)Mandela was an autocratic leader.
E)Mandela was a religious leader.
Q3) Reference groups provide us with:
A)the ability to be concerned with accomplishing a task
B)strict conformity to rigid organizational structures
C)the impersonal anonymity of modern life
D)a standard for judging our attitudes and behaviors
E)an organizational system by which to judge the behaviors of others
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Chapter 6: Conformity, Deviance, and Crime
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Q1) Which of the following statements about prisons is true?
A)The cost to keep a prisoner in the federal prison system for one is year is very low, about $6,000 per year.
B)Spending time in prison makes it unlikely that the ex-felon will ever commit another crime.
C)Spending time in prison often makes the ex-felon a more hardened criminal.
D)The average convict serves most of his sentence.
E)Most African American men are either in prison or otherwise under the control of the penal system.
Q2) A veteran police officer's criticism of a rookie police officer for not acting aggressively enough during an altercation with a suspect is an example of a:
A)positive formal sanction
B)negative formal sanction
C)positive informal sanction
D)negative informal sanction
E)legal sanction
Q3) What is the biological view of deviance? What are some of the weaknesses of this approach?
Q4) Discuss the ways in which deviance is functional.Give examples.
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Chapter 7: Stratification, Class, and Inequality
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Q1) Intergenerational mobility is best described as when:
A)a person achieves a different class position than the one he or she was born into
B)a person maintains the same class position as his or her parents or grandparents
C)a person has a different class position from that of his or her parents or grandparents
D)a person achieves a different class position than his or her siblings
E)none of the above
Q2) In the United States,the largest concentrations of poverty are found in:
A)rural areas
B)inner cities
C)the South and Southwest
D)all of the above
E)none of the above
Q3) Compare the "blame the victim" explanation of poverty with the "blame the system" explanation.Which explanation do you think best explains poverty in the United States today?
Q4) According to the textbook,what three main characteristics do social systems of stratification share? Provide an example of each.
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Chapter 8: Global Inequality
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Q1) Alejandra believes that poverty in Colombia is largely due to exploitation by the United States and multinational corporations originating in the United States.Her view is best described as corresponding to what theory or set of theories?
A)dependency theories
B)state-centered theories
C)neoliberalism
D)modernization theory
E)market-oriented theories
Q2) The process whereby Western nations established their rule in parts of the world away from their home territories is called:
A)socialism
B)Manifest Destiny
C)colonialism
D)Southern hegemony
E)internal development
Q3) What is the role of technology in deepening existing global inequalities?
Q4) How does the World Bank measure global inequality,and what are some of the problems with measuring global inequality in this way?
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Page 10
Chapter 9: Gender Inequality
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Sample Questions
Q1) A local college adjusted the pay of its workers so that workers were paid by education and experience in order to remedy the gender pay gap between female-dominated and male-dominated jobs.This adjustment is an example of:
A)gender typing policies
B)sex segregation policies
C)comparable worth policies
D)glass ceiling policies
E)glass escalator policies
Q2) What are comparable worth policies? What are some reasons why comparable worth policies are not widely adopted?
Q3) Which of the following is an example of quid pro quo sexual harassment?
A)sexual language
B)lewd posters
C)sexual advances that make a worker so uncomfortable that it is difficult for her to do her job
D)when a supervisor demands sexual acts from a worker as a job condition
E)none of the above; quid pro quo is not a type of sexual harassment
Q4) Discuss Talcott Parsons's view of the family.What criticisms have been made about his analysis? What is your position?
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Chapter 10: Ethnicity and Race
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Q1) Explain the persistence of racial and ethnic inequality in the United States.Refer specifically to the perspectives of Robert Blauner,William Julius Wilson,and Douglas Massey and Nancy A.Denton in your response.Which perspective do you think best explains the persistence of racial and ethnic inequality in the United States? Explain.
Q2) What fraction of all families headed by African American or Latino women lives in poverty?
A)1/10
B)1/4
C)1/2
D)3/4
E)9/10
Q3) The transferring of ideas or emotions from their true source to another object is known as:
A)transference
B)stereotyping
C)discriminating
D)racializing
E)displacing
Q4) What is institutional racism? Give examples.
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Chapter 11: Families and Intimate Relationships
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Q1) Discuss the differences in family patterns between white and black families.Discuss the research of Carol Stack in your answer.
Q2) It was common in Ladakhi society for brothers to share one wife.This type of marriage is an example of:
A)monogamy
B)polygyny
C)polyandry
D)patrilocality
E)promiscuity
Q3) According to functionalists,the husband in the "conventional family" is the breadwinner and plays the __________ role; the wife cares for the home and children and plays the __________ role.
A)major; minor
B)supporting; leading
C)nuclear; extended
D)mechanical; organic
E)instrumental; affective
Q4) Describe Talcott Parsons's view of the family.What are some criticisms of his approach?
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Chapter 12: Education and Religion
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Q1) "Between school effects" refers to:
A)the kinds of activities that kids engage in during summer breaks
B)the effects of nighttime activities on learning
C)a comparison of wealthy and poor children and their educational opportunities
D)that crucial summer between high school and college
E)a comparison of how schools differ from one another
Q2) As a practice to address racial inequalities in schools in the past,__________ provoked a great deal of opposition,particularly from parents and children in white areas.
A)competitive sports
B)busing
C)school vouchers
D)privatization
E)sociological research
Q3) What is religious nationalism?
Q4) What are some of the competing solutions offered for the problem of illiteracy in the United States?
Q5) What are the connections between education and employment?
Q6) How do religious groupings in the United States vary by region and socioeconomic status,according to the text?
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Chapter 13: Politics and Economic Life
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Q1) What term refers to carrying out tasks that require mental and physical effort,with the objective of the production of goods and services that cater to human needs?
A)technology
B)work
C)power
D)authority
E)organization
Q2) Premodern,as opposed to modern,systems of production were based above all on:
A)agriculture
B)heavy industry
C)technology
D)communication
E)globalization
Q3) According to the text,what are three types of rights associated with the growth of citizenship?
Q4) Describe the role interest groups play in U.S.politics.
Q5) What is a welfare state? Can the United States be classified as a welfare state?
Q6) Compare and contrast old- and new-style terrorism.
Q7) According to the text,why is voter turnout so low in the United States?
Page 15
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Chapter 14: The Sociology of the Body: Health, Illness, and Sexuality
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Q1) What term refers to the set of principles underpinning Western medical systems and practices that defines diseases objectively,in accordance with the presence of recognized symptoms,and holds that the healthy body can be restored through scientifically based medical treatment?
A)the Western healthcare model
B)the scientific method of health
C)the biomedical model of health
D)the scientific healthcare method
E)the Western biomedical model
Q2) How do functionalist theorists and symbolic interactionists differ in their perspectives on health and illness?
Q3) Which of Corbin and Strauss's types of "work" involves the process of incorporating an illness into one's life,making sense of it,and developing ways of explaining it to others?
A)illness work
B)coping work
C)everyday work
D)adapting work
E)biographical work
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Chapter 15: Urbanization, Population, and the Environment
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to David Harvey,cities as well as suburbs can be understood as __________ established by humans to serve their needs.
A)created environments
B)evolutionary spaces
C)urban ecology
D)collective consumption sites
E)useful tools
Q2) The global population grew 49 percent from 1900 to 1950,and during the same period urbanization increased:
A)25 percent
B)239 percent
C)105 percent
D)500 percent
E)at the same rate
Q3) Compare and contrast the ways in which industrialization and globalization have affected the process of urbanization in societies.
Q4) Outline Saskia Sassen's concept of the "global city" and explain the four key traits of these urban centers.What does inequality look like in these global cities?
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Chapter 16: Globalization in a Changing World
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Sample Questions
Q1) The most far-reaching economic influence on social change has been the:
A)technology of the agrarian revolution
B)invention of the wheel
C)technology encouraged by capitalism
D)invention of money
E)effects of the warfare
Q2) Seen as a unique product of late modern society,__________ differ significantly in methods,motivations,and orientations from the collective action of earlier times.
A)liberal democracies
B)nation-states
C)civil society goals
D)new social movements
E)welfare states
Q3) Discuss the cultural impacts of globalization.Do you think these are more a matter of "cultural imperialism" or "fragmentation of cultural forms"? Justify your position.
Q4) According to Charles Tilly's model,what are the four main components of collective action? Provide detailed examples of each component to fully illustrate your understanding of Tilly's model.
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