Fundamentals of Psychotherapy Final
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Course Introduction
Fundamentals of Psychotherapy provides an introduction to the core principles, theories, and techniques used in psychotherapeutic practice. This course explores major therapeutic approaches, including psychodynamic, cognitive-behavioral, humanistic, and integrative models, examining their historical development and practical application. Students will learn about the therapeutic relationship, assessment and treatment planning, intervention strategies, and ethical considerations in psychotherapy. The course also covers issues of diversity and cultural competence, equipping students with foundational knowledge to understand how psychotherapy contributes to mental health and well-being across diverse populations.
Recommended Textbook
Theory and Treatment Planning in Counseling and Psychotherapy 2nd Edition by Diane
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2
R. Gehart
Chapter 1: Counseling Theory, Competency, Research, and
You: Connecting the Dots
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Q1) Which of the following statements best represents the effect the competency movement,the expanded research base,and the evidence-based treatment movements have on theory?
A) These movements have made using theory more complicated for the client.
B) These movements have helped change the need for theory, relying on information to guide the session rather than theory.
C) These movement have changed how theory is conceptualized, adapted, and applied.
D) These movements have helped illustrate the ambiguous nature of theory.
Answer: C
Q2) Regarding person-of-the-therapist competence,research indicates that clients need to feel _____________,_______________,and _________________.
A) hope; safety; confidence
B) heard; understood; accepted
C) trusted; competent; appreciated
D) valued; intelligent; capable
Answer: B
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3
Chapter 2: Treatment Planning
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Q1) Which of the following statements best describes the value of the goal writing worksheet?
A) It combines key elements from the client's description of the problem and findings from the case conceptualization to help the counselor identify key dynamics that can be targeted for change.
B) It combines key elements from the clinical treatment plan to help the counselor identify key dynamics that can be targeted for change.
C) It combines key elements from the counselor's diagnosis of the client problem finding from the research on the diagnosis to help the counselor identify key dynamics that can be targeted for change.
D) It combines key elements from the counselor's theory and the client's description of the problem to help the counselor identify key dynamics that can be targeted for change.
Answer: A
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4
Chapter 3: Psychoanalytic and Psychodynamic Counseling and Psychotherapy
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Q1) Countertransference takes place when a counselor
A) keeps their emotional reactions toward the client out of counseling
B) projects back onto a client in a way that affects therapeutic neutrality
C) has insight into their unconscious reactions to their clients
D) shares an undesirable feeling about a client with the client
Answer: B
Q2) Freudian analysts conceptualize client problems by examining how the __________ manages on-going conflicts between the ______________ and the
A) ego; id's drives; superego's prohibitions
B) superego; id's drives; ego's prohibitions
C) id; ego's drives; superego's prohibitions
D) ego; superego's drives; id's prohibitions
Answer: A
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Chapter 4: Jungian Analytic Psychology
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Q1) One example of an initial phase counseling task in Jungian analysis might be to ________________________________________.
A) develop a working relationship by creating hierarchy in the relationship
B) develop a working relationship by creating a collaborative educator relationship
C) monitor the working alliance
D) educate client on the use of dreams and symbols
Q2) A woman who was responsible to be the peacemaker growing up and who serves the same role in her husband's family,suddenly finds herself angry and combative.This is an example of __________________________.
A) a complex
B) enantiodromia
C) a personality type
D) a crazy person
Q3) Describe the role of the counselor in Jungian analytical psychology?
Q4) Briefly explain what Myers-Briggs is.
Q5) What strengths does this approach have for working with diverse clients? What are the weaknesses?
Q6) Regarding Jungian counseling,what is meant by "healer,heal thyself"?
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Chapter 5: Adlerian Individual Counseling
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Q1) Which of the following statements best describes Adler's belief about striving for superiority and betterment of self?
A) In the natural effort to better the self, each person develops a lifestyle, a set of attitudes that becomes a template through which the person makes sense of life.
B) In the natural effort to fit into the social environment, each person develops a lifestyle, a set of attitudes that becomes a template through which the person makes sense of life.
C) In the natural effort to attain status or wealth, each person sometimes develops a negative attitude that becomes a template through which they then view life.
D) In the natural effort to hide deeper parts of the self, each person develops a lifestyle, a set of attitudes that helps to protect the person from embarrassment.
Q2) Numerous approaches have been developed from the Adlerian approach,including work with children,work with families,work with couples,and an evidence-based parent education program.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 6: Person-Centered Counseling and Psychotherapy
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Q1) How does culture affect how one expresses empathy?
Q2) Which of the following statements reflects expressing accurate empathy according to Rogers?
A) "I completely understand how you are feeling."
B) "You are very angry about all that has happened."
C) "If I were you, I would be crying all the time."
D) "It sounds as if this is very frightening for you."
Q3) Phenomenology is the study of the internal,subjective world.What person-centered intervention is most important for attending to this internal world of the client?
A) summarizing
B) clarifying
C) reflecting
D) listening
Q4) List and describe Roger's three core conditions that the therapist must create in the counseling relationship.
Q5) What is self-actualization?
Q6) List and describe 3 interventions utilized in person-centered counseling.
Q7) What role does empathy play in humanistic counseling?
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Chapter 7: Existential Counseling and Psychotherapy
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Q1) Existential counselors will help clients to focus on changing themselves when the situation is unchangeable.How might the counselor accomplish this?
A) By helping a client whose mother has died focus on the pain and turmoil of the loss.
B) By helping a client with inoperable cancer fight death until fighting is no longer possible.
C) By helping a client who is failing high school find the loop hole in the admission. process for college in order to get into a decent institution.
D) By helping a client going through a difficult divorce examine how his choices in dealing with the divorce will impact his children in the long term.
Q2) Existential counseling requires facing the reality of death,loneliness,and responsibility for one's life.This requires the counselor to promote __________ in the client.
A) answers
B) courage
C) self-centeredness
D) affirmation
Q3) How do existential counselors view the goals of therapy?
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Chapter 8: Gestalt Counseling and Psychotherapy
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Q1) Similar to other phenomenological approaches,Gestalt counselors should carefully consider values and assumptions about emotional expression and __________ when working with clients from various populations.
A) assertiveness
B) codependence
C) communication
D) individuality
Q2) Gestalt theory is considered an __________ approach to counseling,focusing on the moment-to-moment flow of experience in the counseling relationship.
A) atheoretical
B) existential
C) experiential
D) assertive
Q3) When a person has integrated polarities,they have ____________________________.
A) accepted more aspects of the self
B) made peace with who and what one is
C) a responsive relationship with the environment
D) trust in the self and life itself
Q4) What is the person of the counselor and why is it important?
Page 10
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Chapter 9: Foundational Cognitive-Behavioral Approaches
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Q1) What is meant by the terms in-vivo and flooding?
Q2) Regarding the case study of Maria,a good cognitive-behavioral closing phase goals would be: _______________________________.
A) increase proactive and responsible approach to managing bi-polar symptoms
B) decrease negative talk which creates relational strife and therefore depressed symptoms
C) explore schemas and core beliefs such as overgeneralization and personalization about how all customers treat her, magnification of disrespectful behavior and minimization of acts of kindness
D) use emotional ID to identify the emotions which hold primary sway for Maria and to scale the intensity of these emotions in order to judge their
Q3) Like Beck,Ellis assessed for faulty cognitions,called __________________ which were typically flagged by words such as "would","should","ought","must".
A) repression
B) irrational beliefs
C) neurosis
D) splitting
Q4) How does a person's thoughts shape emotional and behavioral responses?
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Chapter 10: Evidence-Based Cognitive-Behavioral
Approaches: Dialectic Behavior Therapy and
Trauma-Focused Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
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Q1) The overarching goal of TF-CBT in to optimize the client's adaptive function in all areas of life.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which of the following statements is most true about the TF-CBT approach?
A) TF-CBT is comprised of ten components and reflects core values which define the process, such as respect for psychoeducation, client behavior, responsibility-focused.
B) TF-CBT is comprised of ten components and reflects core values which define the process, such as respect for diversity, adaptability, family-focused, self-efficacy focused.
C) TF-CBT is comprised of ten sequential components and reflects core values which define the process, such as respect for the counseling relationship, honoring commitments, integrity-focused.
D) TF-CBT is comprised of ten components and reflects core values which define the process, such as respect for diversity, gender and cultural equality, social-focus, integration-focused.
Q3) In what ways are DBT and TF-CBT similar? In what ways are they different?
Q4) What is synthesis?
Page 12
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Chapter 11: Systemic Family Counseling and Therapy
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Q1) Which of the following statements is TRUE when viewing the family as a system?
A) One single person in the family orchestrates the interactional patterns.
B) One single person can be blamed for family distress.
C) Personal characteristic are independent of the system.
D) All behavior makes sense in context.
Q2) Using the case example above,what might be an appropriate initial goal for Navid and his family in order to improve the relational structure in their family?
A) Reduce enmeshment between clients to increase the family's ability to make independent decisions.
B) Develop a working counseling relationship with consideration for diversity and the family's level of acculturation.
C) Increase the effectiveness of the parental hierarchy and the ability of the parents to consistently set and reinforce limits.
D) Increase sense of emotional connection with Navid and his parents.
Q3) List and describe 3 effective interventions employed by systemic therapists?
Q4) What are the benefits of using systemic therapy with diverse client populations?
Q5) How do boundaries play a role in the family system?
Q6) How does homeostasis play a role in the family structure and system?
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Chapter 12: Solution-Based Approaches
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Q1) Solution-based counseling is appropriate for working with diverse populations because ___________________________________________________.
A) it uses a theory of health to predefine client goals
B) it focuses on identifying client's strengths
C) it uses an established set of values and meaning systems
D) all marginalized populations value problem-solving strategies
Q2) Solution-based counselors believe that ______________ is inevitable and always possible.
A) happiness
B) satisfaction
C) hope
D) change
Q3) All of the following are reasons coping questions are used EXCEPT:
A) to generate hope.
B) to increase motivation.
C) to increase insight.
D) to promote agency.
Q4) How do solution-focused counselors view problems?
Q5) How is the Beginner's Mind used in solution-focused counseling?
Q6) What is the role of the counselor in solution-focused counseling?
Page 14
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Chapter 13: Narrative and Collaborative Approaches
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Q1) In what ways is collaborative counseling ideal for working with diverse populations?
Q2) Which of the following is an example of an externalizing question?
A) If by some miracle you woke up some morning and were not anxious anymore, how, specifically, would your life be different?
B) Have there been times when you have been able to get the best of the anxiety?
C) What are the consequences for your life and relationships of being anxious?
D) What are you most anxious about?
Q3) Goals in narrative counseling focus on clients enacting preferred narratives which involves increasing clients' sense of ______________,the sense that they influence in the direction of their lives.
A) happiness
B) independence
C) agency
D) responsibility
Q4) What is externalizing and how is it used in narrative counseling?
Q5) What is the philosophic stance of a collaborative counselor and how does it affect the therapeutic relationship?
Q6) What role does curiosity play in collaborative counseling?
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Chapter 14: Feminist and Multicultural Counseling and Psychotherapy
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Q1) In general,most schools of feminist and multicultural counseling will consider all of the following aspects of a person's experience EXCEPT:
A) effect of gender.
B) effect of irrational emotion.
C) effect of culture.
D) effect of relationship.
Q2) The principle of authenticity as it relates to counselor-client relationships in feminist counseling is best explained as the counselor
A) using unfiltered self-disclosure
B) expressing responsiveness keeping the wellbeing of client's in mind
C) putting counselor reactiveness before the client's needs
D) not taking responsibility for relational disconnection
Q3) Define and describe the egalitarian relationship.
Q4) When considering DSM diagnosis,feminist counselors
A) refuse to utilize such classification systems
B) use diagnostic labels in ways that are normalizing
C) find diagnostic labels unhelpful at all times
D) do not consider the impact of labels in a client's view of him or her self
Q5) List and describe 3 interventions used in feminist counseling. Page 16
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Chapter 15: Introduction to Theoretical Integration
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Q1) All of the following are ways to conceptualize the philosophy of an approach EXCEPT:
A) its concept of truth and reality.
B) the nature of the counseling relationship.
C) the role of the counselor in the change process.
D) the cultural context from which the counselor comes.
Q2) Models that provide an organized template for integrating theories that incorporate evidence-based practices and target appropriate treatment for a specific client are referred to as __________________________.
A) common factors approach
B) theoretical integration
C) systemic treatment selection
D) evidence-based approaches
Q3) All of the following are types of integration EXCEPT:
A) common factors.
B) assimilative integration.
C) systemic treatment selection.
D) favorite intervention integration.
Q4) What qualities define good integration?
Q5) Explain first-order and second-order cybernetics.
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Chapter 16: Integrative Case Conceptualization
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Q1) Systemic family counselors use genograms to assess all of the following EXCEPT:
A) substance and alcohol abuse and dependence.
B) dreams and aspirations.
C) sexual, physical, and emotional abuse.
D) personal qualities and/or family roles.
Q2) List and describe three elements of a case conceptualization.
Q3) Object relations theorists examine the client's relationship with early caregivers to understand the dynamics that are creating current difficulties.The patterns can be described in each of the ways below EXCEPT:
A) secure.
B) insecure.
C) anxious.
D) avoidant.
Q4) How might a clinician excel in case conceptualization and assessment?
Q5) In the A-B-C Analysis of Irrational Beliefs,the A-B-C stands for which of the following?
A) A=Activating Event ? B=Behavior ? C=Commentary?
B) A= Activating Event ? B=Belief ? C=Consequence
C) A=Acceptance ? B=Behavior? C=Consequence
D) A= Acceptance ? B=Belief ? C=Commentary
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