Fundamentals of Psychology Question
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Course Introduction
Fundamentals of Psychology provides an introduction to the scientific study of human behavior and mental processes. This course explores key concepts, theories, and research findings across major psychological domains including biological foundations, perception, learning, memory, development, motivation, emotion, personality, psychological disorders, and social interactions. Emphasis is placed on understanding the methods psychologists use to investigate questions about behavior and mind, and on applying psychological principles to everyday life. By the end of the course, students will have a foundational understanding of the core topics in psychology and how they relate to individual and societal well-being.
Recommended Textbook
Mastering the World of Psychology 5th Edition by Samuel E. Wood
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Chapter 1: Introduction to Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Jaden works at a clinic where he sees individuals with schizophrenia and other psychiatric illnesses. His job is to find the appropriate diagnosis and treatment for these individuals. Jaden is likely a(n)_____
A)forensic psychologist.
B)industrial/organizational psychologist.
C)clinical psychologist.
D)educational psychologist.
Answer: C
Q2) Anthony read a study with several hundred subjects in the Journal of the American Medical Association that stated there is a link between working night shifts and the risk of heart attacks. Anthony knew the study was not correct because his Dad and his uncles had worked the night shift for decades and none of them had heart trouble. Anthony is not thinking critically because he is being swayed too much by _____
A)independent thinking.
B)anecdotal evidence.
C)heuristic value.
D)the journal's authority.
Answer: B
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Chapter 2: Biology and Behavior
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Sample Questions
Q1) Compared to a typical female brain, a typical male brain will have a _____ proportion of white matter in _____
A)higher; their left hemisphere.
B)similar; both hemispheres.
C)lower; their left hemisphere.
D)lower; their right hemisphere.
Answer: C
Q2) Moving toward the back of the head, the last area of the frontal lobe contains the
A)visual cortex
B)sensory cortex
C)motor cortex
D)parietal lobe
Answer: C
Q3) When a neuron is at rest, it carries a _____ electrical potential (charge).
A)slightly positive
B)slightly negative
C)neutral
D)massively negative
Answer: B
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Chapter 3: Sensation and Perception
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Sample Questions
Q1) The same musical note played on a guitar, a piano, and a flute does not sound the same because most sounds consist of several different frequencies. This distinctive quality of a sound is called _____ A)hertz.
B)amplitude.
C)unique.
D)timbre.
Answer: D
Q2) The Ponzo illusion plays a trick on our estimate of _____ A)shape.
B)distance. C)size.
D)motion.
Answer: C
Q3) Mirabella was eating a delicious scone. In order for her to have perceived the taste of it, the food stimulus had to meet or exceed her _____ threshold. Answer: absolute
Q4) The most studied of all the senses is _____. Answer: vision
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Chapter 4: Consciousness
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Sample Questions
Q1) Each stage of the sleep cycle lasts about how long?
A)an hour
B)30 minutes
C)15 minutes
D)90 minutes
Q2) Discuss the general effects of stimulants. Illustrate with at least two specific examples of drugs in this category and their effects.
Q3) Too much _____ from a combination of alcohol and depressants can result in
A)GABA; death.
B)dopamine; hyperactivity.
C)acetylcholine; loss of memory.
D)serotonin; a bad mood.
Q4) Your _____ night is when your biological clock is telling you to go to sleep.
A)circadian
B)objective
C)biological
D)subjective
Q5) Why is it that someone with somnambulism can walk around without falling?
Q6) Why would a sedative be a poor choice for treating the condition of sleep apnea?
Q7) Based on EEG evidence, the brain is _____ active during REM sleep.
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Chapter 5: Learning
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Sample Questions
Q1) Skinner designed a soundproof apparatus, often equipped with a lever or bar, with which he conducted his experiments in operant conditioning. This has been called a
A)reinforcement chamber.
B)Skinner box.
C)rodent chamber.
D)respondent behavior unit.
Q2) The type of learning that Pavlov observed and researched resulted from associating an unconditioned response with a _____
A)neutral stimulus.
B)neutral response.
C)conditioned response.
D)punishment.
Q3) Rescorla's cognitive theory proposed that the real reason Pavlov's dogs salivated to conditioned stimuli was that these stimuli allowed them to _____
A)guess food might come.
B)predict what food would come.
C)wonder if food might come.
D)remember the smell of food.
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Chapter 6: Memory
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Sample Questions
Q1) Callie learned how to multiply fractions over the course of 2 hours. After a few days, she tried again to multiply fractions and found that it only took her 30 minutes to relearn the steps involved. Callie's savings score would be _____.
Q2) What hormone, in excess, interferes with memory?
A)cortisol
B)epinephrine
C)norepinephrine
D)estrogen
Q3) The nondeclarative memory, also called _____ memory, contains motor s habits, and classically-conditioned responses.
Q4) _____ results when, due to some type of brain injury or insult, a person is no longer able to create long-term memories.
A)Retrograde amnesia
B)Dissociative amnesia
C)Anterograde amnesia
D)Infantile amnesia
Q5) How do we know that hormones play a role in memory?
Q6) Which type of rehearsal would work best for remembering complex information? Why?
Page 8
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Chapter 7: Cognition, Language, and Intelligence
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Sample Questions
Q1) The phrase "I tried" has _____
A)one morpheme
B)two morphemes
C)three morphemes
D)four morphemes
Q2) Which of the following is true about learning a new language?
A)It is almost impossible for adults.
B)The more you know about your first language, the easier it is.
C)It takes adults at least seven years.
D)If you learn as an adult, you can develop a better accent.
Q3) The rules that determine how sounds and words can be combined and used to communicate meaning within a language are collectively known as _____
A)morphemic rules.
B)phonemic rules.
C)syntax.
D)linguistic relativity.
Q4) How do we know that creativity and intelligence are different?
Q5) List and explain each of the basic components of a language.
Q6) A _____ is the most likely or most commonly thought of example from a concept.
Q7) Amid all of the controversy, what purposes do intelligence tests serve?
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Chapter 8: Human Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) Gertrude is a nervous child. She tends to withdraw from other children and family members. However, if given enough time, Gertrude slowly adapts to new situations, people, and environments. Based on this information, what type of temperament does Gertrude likely have?
A)slow-to-warm-up
B)easy
C)insecure
D)difficult
Q2) According to Piaget, _____ involves a plan of action, based on previous experiences, to be used in similar circumstances.
A)a scheme
B)assimilation
C)conventional thinking
D)the law of conservation
Q3) _____ is defined as the ability to base logical reasoning on a hypothetical premise.
A)Naïve idealism
B)The personal fable
C)Egocentrism
D)Hypothetico-deductive reasoning
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Chapter 9: Motivation and Emotion
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Sample Questions
Q1) The _____ assumes that humans are motivated to reduce tension, whereas the _____ assumes humans are sometimes motivated to increase tension.
A)drive-reduction theory; arousal theory
B)arousal theory; hierarchy of needs
C)drive-reduction theory; instinct theory
D)arousal theory; drive-reduction theory
Q2) Stan just ran a mile in the heat and all he can think about is getting something to drink and cooling off. Stan is experiencing the effects predicted by the _____ A)arousal theory.
B)drive-reduction theory.
C)Yerkes-Dodson effect.
D)refractory theory.
Q3) Angelo is a 7-year-old boy who is playing outside during recess time. Another student, the class bully, makes fun of Angelo in front of other kids. Though Angelo wants to cry, he does not want the other kids to make fun of him, so he holds it in. After school when Angelo gets home, he tells his parents what happened and cries as he is doing so. Angelo just demonstrated an understanding of _____.
Q4) Why would children playing be an example of intrinsic motivation?
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Chapter 10: Health and Stress
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Sample Questions
Q1) Through _____, active measures are taken in advance of a potentially stressful situation in order to prevent its occurrence or to minimize its consequences.
A)adaptive coping
B)the primary appraisal
C)emotion-focused coping
D)proactive coping
Q2) What is the purpose of the Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS)?
Q3) Workplace stress can be especially damaging to women's health and well-being because they are also more likely to experience _____ and have greater _____
A)sex discrimination; family responsibilities.
B)menses; sensitivity.
C)emotional upset; vulnerability.
D)higher pay; power.
Q4) When we experience stress, our _____ and endocrine system initiate the _____ response to help us fight or flee.
Q5) Research by Albrecht (1979)demonstrates that _____, _____, and _____ are three of many important workplace variables connected to job satisfaction.
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Chapter 11: Personality Theory and Assessment
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following defense mechanisms involves verbally justifying or supplying a logical reason for one's own inappropriate behavior or impulse?
A)sublimation
B)projection
C)rationalization
D)displacement
Q2) Which of the following researchers created the Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire, also known as the 16PF?
A)Raymond Cattell
B)Abraham Maslow
C)Gordon Allport
D)Karen Horney
Q3) Alfred Adler's theory is called _____ because of its emphasis on the uniqueness of the person.
A)holistic psychology
B)individual psychology
C)the trait theory
D)analytical psychology
Q4) According to the psychoanalytic theory, what is the main job of the ego?
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Chapter 12: Defining Psychological Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) Martha always has drama in her life. When she has a boyfriend, she is at first head over heels in love. Her boyfriends get tired of her demanding reassurance that they love her just as much. Eventually they do some little thing that she perceives as abandonment. She has even cut on herself to show them how hurt she is. Her moods change often in a day and she is frequently impulsive. Martha best fits the description of which of the following disorders?
A)social anxiety disorder
B)borderline personality disorder
C)antisocial personality disorder
D)schizotypal personality disorder
Q2) Individuals who experience panic attacks _____ be diagnosed with panic disorder.
Q3) Which of the following statements about personality disorders is correct?
A)they respond well to medications
B)symptoms may decrease over time
C)treatment is relatively easy
D)the insight these clients have is useful in therapy
Q4) _____ are disorders in which people have recurrent sexual urges, fantasies, and behaviors that involve children, other nonconsenting persons, nonhuman objects, or the suffering and humiliation of the individual or his/her sexual partner.
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Chapter 13: Therapies
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Sample Questions
Q1) Encouraging individuals to think of obsessions without allowing them to engage in compulsive behavior is the gist of the _____ technique.
A)aversion therapy
B)flooding
C)systematic desensitization
D)exposure and response prevention
Q2) Gestalt therapy was developed by _____
A)Carl Rogers.
B)Albert Bandura.
C)Sigmund Freud.
D)Fritz Perls.
Q3) _____ electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)is used today, as opposed to the variant of electroconvulsive therapy previously used that targeted both sides of the brain.
Q4) Which of the following is NOT a cognitive error as described by Aaron Beck?
A)tunnel vision
B)rationalization
C)personalization
D)catastrophizing
Q5) Thorazine and Mellaril fall into the category of _____ drugs.
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Chapter 14: Social Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) _____ was the devastating event that prompted Stanley Milgram to create research on the topic of obedience.
Q2) Why after first meeting someone and forming an opinion about that person is it difficult to change that initial impression?
Q3) The situational attribution is to external causes as the _____ attribution is to internal causes.
Q4) Which of the following major influences on attraction is defined as physical or geographic closeness?
A)proximity
B)mere-exposure effect
C)reciprocity
D)the halo effect
Q5) Which of the following pairings are correct?
A)Milgram - social roles; Asch - conformity
B)Zimbardo - obedience; Asch - social roles
C)Asch - obedience; Milgram - conformity
D)Milgram - obedience; Asch - conformity
Q6) What factors influence conformity? That is, why do people conform?
Q7) How can people avoid falling prey to the bystander effect?
Page 16
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Chapter 15: Human Sexuality and Gender
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Sample Questions
Q1) Sam is very good at interpreting whether other people's behavior is intentional or unintentional. He seldom personalizes things and never thinks people are out to get him. Bill, however, seems to get angry all the time for the way someone "looked at him."
Anytime something negative occurs, he accuses the other person of doing it intentionally. According to a biological theory of social and behavioral gender differences, we can hypothesize that Bill was exposed to more _____ prenatally.
A)nutrition
B)estrogen
C)oxygen
D)androgen
Q2) Since he was about 3 years of age, Antonio has felt that although he appears physically male, he is really female. If Antonio's development follows the course of most children who feel this way, he will _____
A)have sex reassignment surgery as soon as he is of legal age.
B)not have this strong feeling of being female after puberty.
C)want to date only men.
D)be bisexual when he becomes sexually active.
Q3) _____, and _____ are viral sexually transmitted diseases.
Q4) To avoid persisting in thinking in stereotypes, you must be aware of _____ bias.
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