Fundamentals of Psychology Mock
Exam
Course Introduction
Fundamentals of Psychology introduces students to the scientific study of behavior and mental processes, providing a broad overview of the key concepts, theories, and research methods in psychology. Topics covered include biological bases of behavior, perception, learning, memory, development across the lifespan, motivation, emotion, personality, psychological disorders, and social behavior. Through lectures, discussions, and practical exercises, students gain an understanding of how psychological principles apply to everyday life and build foundational knowledge for advanced study in the field.
Recommended Textbook
Psychology 4th Canadian Edition by Carole Wade
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Page 2
Chapter 1: What Is Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) A psychologist from the psychodynamic perspective would be likely to view violence as resulting from unconscious conflicts involving aggression and sexuality.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) During the early decades of psychology's existence as a formal discipline, three schools of psychological thought became popular. The school of ________ soon faded from psychology.
A) functionalism
B) structuralism
C) psychoanalysis
D) behaviourism
Answer: B
Q3) Critical thinkers are able to resist claims that have no support.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Page 3
Chapter 2: How Psychologists Do Research
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Sample Questions
Q1) Two sets of observations, assessing annual income and the number of dental problems needing care, are compared. Which of the following is the most likely outcome?
A) The two variables will be positively correlated.
B) The first variable causes the second variable.
C) The two variables will be negatively correlated.
D) The two variables will be uncorrelated.
Answer: C
Q2) ________ is an experiment in which neither the subjects nor the individuals running the experiment know if subjects are in the experimental or the control group until after the results are tallied.
A) The double-blind study
B) The single-blind study
C) Field research
D) Correlational research
Answer: A
Q3) A sample's size is less critical than its representativeness.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 3: Genes, Evolution, and Environment
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Sample Questions
Q1) A major problem with genetic explanations of racial differences in IQ is that:
A) while intelligence differs between groups, it does not differ within groups.
B) heritability estimates used in supporting genetic explanations of group differences are based mainly on white samples.
C) the studies supporting a genetic explanation typically use black and white children from comparable socioeconomic groups.
D) genetic explanations are based on linkage studies.
Answer: B
Q2) The average IQ gap between severely malnourished children and well-nourished children can be as high as:
A) 20 points.
B) 30 points.
C) 40 points.
D) 50 points.
Answer: A
Q3) According to sociobiologists, females need to shop for the best genetic deal. A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Page 5
Chapter 4: The Brain: Source of Mind and Self
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Sample Questions
Q1) For some types of tasks, especially those involving language, men seem to rely more heavily on one side of the brain, whereas women tend to use both sides.
A)True
B)False
Q2) What substances play a role in suppressing pain and promoting pleasure?
A) hormones
B) neurotransmitters
C) endorphins
D) serotonin
Q3) A cell that conducts electro-chemical signals and is the basic unit of the nervous system is called a:
A) neuron.
B) cell body.
C) glial cell.
D) myelin sheath.
Q4) The fluctuating levels of estrogen and progesterone make many women emotional before menstruation.
A)True B)False
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Chapter 5: Body Rhythms and Mental States
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Sample Questions
Q1) Illegal drugs are always more dangerous than legal drugs.
A)True
B)False
Q2) In a study of mood changes in men and women, researchers found that no relation exists between stage of the menstrual cycle and emotional symptoms.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The amino acid tryptophan promotes the onset of sleep.
A)True
B)False
Q4) A hormone secreted by the ovarian follicle that helps prepare the uterine lining to receive an egg.
A)progesterone
B)melatonin
C)estrogen
D)anabolic steroids
Q5) Men are more likely than women to dream about behaving aggressively.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 6: Sensation and Perception
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Sample Questions
Q1) The smallest quantity of physical energy that can be reliably detected by an observer is called the:
A) just noticeable difference.
B) absolute threshold.
C) psychophysiological threshold.
D) difference threshold.
Q2) The sensory nerves all use exactly the same form of communication, hormones that travel from the sense receptors to the brain.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of the following is a binocular cue to depth?
A) retinal disparity
B) linear perspective
C) relative height
D) interposition
Q4) The doctrine of specific nerve energies states that:
A) what a person experiences depends on what nerve was stimulated.
B) each type of sensory receptor releases a different type of energy.
C) each sensory neuron can respond to all sensory modalities.
D) different sensory nerves release different neurotransmitters.
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Chapter 7: Learning and Conditioning
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Sample Questions
Q1) Secondary reinforcers and punishers are often called conditioned reinforcers and punishers.
A)True B)False
Q2) Negative emotions and dislikes can be classically conditioned, but it is difficult to use this technique to condition positive emotions.
A)True B)False
Q3) The first known scientific study of anger was conducted by G. Stanley Hall in the late 1800s.
A)True
B)False
Q4) A procedure in which a neutral stimulus becomes a conditioned stimulus through association with an already established conditioned stimulus.
Q5) Which of the following is NOT a guideline for behaviour modification?
A) Accentuate the positive.
B) Reinforce small improvements.
C) Use intermittent reinforcement.
D) Set realistic goals.
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Chapter 8: Behaviour in Social and Cultural Context
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Sample Questions
Q1) A group of officers fighting in Afghanistan must make an important military decision. Under what circumstances would groupthink be most likely to occur?
A) There is consensus leadership among the officers rather than one directive leader.
B) The officers are concerned that their group is not functioning as a tight-knit team.
C) The officers are aware that it is difficult to make a correct decision.
D) The group members feel under pressure by outside forces.
Q2) Before Milgram's study on obedience began, psychiatrists predicted that one person in ten would administer the highest voltage.
A)True
B)False
Q3) One fact about prejudice is that it:
A) commonly causes conflict between groups.
B) often remains immune to evidence.
C) increases feelings of doubt, fear, and insecurity.
D) is currently regarded as a form of mental illness.
Q4) What is meant by the term ethnocentrism? Give one example to illustrate this term.
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Chapter 9: Thinking and Intelligence
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Sample Questions
Q1) People who are creative tend to rely on convergent thinking.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Confirmation bias occurs when we are sure that we "knew it all along."
A)True
B)False
Q3) a form of reasoning in which a conclusion follows necessarily from certain premises; if the premises are true, the conclusion must be true
A)inductive reasoning
B)dialectal reasoning
C)implicit learning
D)tacit knowledge
E)deductive reasoning
Q4) The gradual development of thinking skills among undergraduate college students represents an abandonment of "intelligent confusion" in favour of "ignorant certainty."
A)True
B)False
Q5) How do psychometric and cognitive approaches to intelligence compare?
Q6) Binet's method of figuring IQ had two serious flaws. Describe these flaws.
Page 11
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Chapter 10: Memory
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Sample Questions
Q1) Information is organized and indexed in long-term memory.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Compare the efforts of Hermann Ebbinghaus, who wanted to measure pure memory loss, independent of personal experience, with those of Marigold Linton, who studied how people forget real events.
Q3) When Sven's parents overhear him describing a birthday party from earlier in his life, they look at each other in surprise. In the middle of Sven's recollection of his own party were details of one of his father's childhood parties! Sven's memory illustrates the concept of:
A) confabulation.
B) priming.
C) implicit memory.
D) decay.
Q4) Another name for the parallel distributed processing (PDP) model of memory is the:
A) interaction model.
B) long-term potentiation model.
C) multiple process model.
D) connectionist model.
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Chapter 11: Emotion, Stress, and Health
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Sample Questions
Q1) The signalling function of their baby's facial expressions becomes apparent to most parents during early infancy.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Feeling anxious, depressed, and helpless can delay the healing of wounds after surgery.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of the following is NOT one of the three major components of emotion?
A) cognitive processes
B) behavioural reactions
C) physiological changes
D) cultural influences
Q4) A study of people with spinal-cord injuries found that two-thirds of them felt the disability had positive side effects.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Define internal locus of control and external locus of control.
Q6) Contrast the responses of humans and mice in situations where crowding occurs.
Page 13
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Chapter 12: Motivation
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Sample Questions
Q1) Physiological research has dispelled the notion that:
A) normal women do not experience orgasm.
B) orgasms experienced by men and by women are similar.
C) the penis and the clitoris develop from the same embryonic tissue.
D) testosterone increases sexual drive in males.
Q2) The rising rates of people who are overweight or obese are most likely due to a:
A) systematic change in the genes involved in metabolism and fat storage over the past several decades.
B) change in our environments in the past few decades.
C) evolutionary adaptation that made storing fat necessary to offset the effects of famine.
D) change in set points due to the increase in popular dieting trends.
Q3) Obesity is almost always based on overeating.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Love is a process over which the lovers have control, and the process tends to increase with time rather than wane.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Give two examples of different sexual scripts.
Page 14
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Chapter 13: Development Over the Life Span
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Sample Questions
Q1) Gerontologists estimate that about ________ of the physical losses of old age are genetically based.
A) 30%
B) 50%
C) 70%
D) 90%
Q2) One of the most common ways for parents to enforce moral standards and good behaviour is ________, which includes threats, physical punishment, and depriving the child of privileges.
A) justice-based reasoning
B) power assertion
C) the authoritative parental style
D) induction
Q3) Researchers have located the most beneficial parenting style at the intersection of the two dimensions of:
A) isolationist and interactive.
B) permissiveness and assertiveness.
C) demandingness and responsiveness.
D) permissiveness and responsiveness.
Q4) Explain Vygotsky's concept of private speech.
Page 15
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Chapter 14: Theories of Personality
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Sample Questions
Q1) The major criticism of humanist theories of personality is that:
A) its operational definitions cannot be generalized to everyday life.
B) the underlying assumption of optimism and personal growth is unrealistic.
C) peak experiences occur too frequently to be indicators of self-actualization.
D) many of the humanist assumptions are untestable.
Q2) Freud believed that the ego was the first of the personality components to become evident.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Heritability is defined as:
A) the two-way interaction between aspects of the environment and aspects of the individual in the shaping of personality traits.
B) a statistical method for analyzing the intercorrelations that are highly correlated among various measures.
C) the unique aspect of a person's environment that is not shared by other members of the family.
D) a statistical estimate of the proportion of the total variance in some trait that is attributable to genetic differences among individuals within a group.
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Chapter 15: Psychological Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) Although panic attacks seem to occur out of nowhere, they in fact usually occur in the aftermath of stress, prolonged emotion, specific worries, or frightening experiences.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Psychological tests used to infer motives, conflicts, and unconscious dynamics on the basis of a person's interpretations of ambiguous stimuli are called:
A) projective tests.
B) objective tests.
C) inventories.
D) clinical judgment tests.
Q3) Psychologists consider the terms "abnormal behaviour" and "mental disorder" to be synonyms.
A)True
B)False
Q4) By definition, a person who has a mental disorder must experience great suffering, emotional turmoil, or worry.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 16: Approaches to Treatment and Therapy
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Sample Questions
Q1) existential therapy
A)Salvador Minuchin
B)Albert Ellis
C)Carl Rogers
D)Aaron Beck
E)Irvin Yalom
Q2) Eastern cultures often tend to teach clients to accept and live with their most troubling emotions instead of trying to change them.
A)True
B)False
Q3) ________ would be most likely to challenge the client's thoughts directly, showing him or her why certain thoughts are irrational and misguided.
A) Aaron Beck
B) Sigmund Freud
C) Carl Rogers
D) Albert Ellis
Q4) Describe some of the challenges associated with finding the appropriate therapeutic window that would be best for an individual patient.
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Page 18