Fundamentals of Physics
Chapter Exam Questions
Course Introduction
Fundamentals of Physics introduces students to the core principles and concepts that form the basis of classical and modern physics. The course covers topics such as mechanics, thermodynamics, electromagnetism, optics, and modern physics, with an emphasis on developing problem-solving skills and understanding the scientific method. Through a combination of theoretical lessons and hands-on experiments, students gain a thorough grounding in the physical laws governing motion, energy, waves, and matter. The course also highlights the relevance of physics in everyday life and its application in diverse scientific and technological fields.
Recommended Textbook
Inquiry into Physics 8th Edition by Vern J. Ostdiek
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Chapter 1: The Study of Motion
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Sample Questions
Q1) the number of cycles of a periodic process that occur per unit time
A)acceleration
B)Aristotle
C)centripetal acceleration
D)English
E)frequency
F)Galileo Galilei
G)kilo
H)metric
I)milli-
J)period
K)scalar
L)velocity
M)vector
N)constant acceleration
Answer: E
Q2) A racecar driver steps on the gas,and his racecar travels 20 meters in 2 seconds starting from rest.The acceleration of the racecar is __________.
Answer: 10 m/s<sup>2</sup>
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Newtons Laws
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Sample Questions
Q1) Starting from rest,a 20,000-kg aircraft being launched from an aircraft carrier goes from 0 to 90 m/s in 2 seconds.The net force acting on the aircraft is
A)3,600,000 N.
B)1,800,000 N.
C)900,000 N.
D)450,000 N.
E)275,000 N.
Answer: C
Q2) The sensitive dependence upon initial conditions of the evolution of some physical systems is a feature of __________.
Answer: dynamical chaos
Q3) Suppose I push very hard on the chair,and this time the chair moves and I slip backward as well.Then the strength of the force the chair exerts on me is
A)less than the force I exert on the chair.
B)equal to the force I exert on the chair.
C)greater than the force I exert on the chair. D)zero.
Answer: B
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4
Chapter 3: Energy and Conservation Laws
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Sample Questions
Q1) Kinetic energy __________ conserved. Answer: is not
Q2) Conservation laws can be used even when the details of what is occurring inside a system aren't known.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) When we say work is done by a force,we mean the force does A)all the work.
B)positive work.
C)negative work.
D)zero work.
Answer: B
Q4) A railroad car with a mass of 20,000 kg rolls into a second stationary car with a mass of 40,000 kg.The cars latch together and move off with a speed of 1.2 m/s.How fast was the first car moving before the collision?
Answer: 3.6 m/s
Q5) The kinetic energy of the crate is __________. Answer: 1/2 mv<sup>2</sup>
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Chapter 4: Physics of Matter
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Sample Questions
Q1) The buoyant force that keeps a ship afloat is an example of A)Archimedes' principle.
B)Pascal's principle.
C)Bernoulli's principle.
D)Torricelli's principle.
E)none of these principles.
Q2) The force F<sub>2</sub> in pounds needed to keep piston 2 in place is
A)0.25.
B)0.4.
C)4.
D)10.
E)40.
Q3) The difference between the pressures inside and outside a tire is called A)absolute pressure.
B)gauge pressure.
C)atmospheric pressure.
D)psi.
E)none of the above.
Q4) The gauge pressure of the water in a swimming pool at 10 ft is __________ the gauge pressure of the water at 5 ft.
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Chapter 5: Temperature and Heat
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of these is stated properly?
A)"The temperature of liquid nitrogen is 77 Kelvin."
B)"The temperature of liquid nitrogen is 77 Kelvins."
C)"The temperature of liquid nitrogen is 77 degrees Kelvin."
D)"The temperature of liquid nitrogen is 77 Kelvin degrees."
Q2) Evaporation is when a gas is converted into a liquid.
A)True
B)False
Q3) A steam turbine is an example of a heat mover.
A)True
B)False
Q4) When ice melts,its temperature __________.
Q5) A bimetallic strip is formed from two materials that have different heat capacities.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Natural processes tend to increase the entropy of thermodynamic systems.
A)True
B)False
Q7) Natural processes tend to increase the __________ of thermodynamic systems.
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Chapter 6: Waves and Sound
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Sample Questions
Q1) In ultrasound the __________ of the sound is much greater than in normal sound.
Q2) When the frequency of the source of a water wave increases,the speed of the waves traveling in the water
A)remains unchanged.
B)increases.
C)decreases.
D)cannot be determined.
Q3) A sound level of 80 dB has __________ times the amplitude of a 60 dB sound.
Q4) A zero decibel sound level
A)has zero amplitude.
B)is nonsense.
C)is just at the threshold of hearing.
D)none of the above
Q5) Regions of a longitudinal wave where the particles of the medium are squeezed together are called compressions.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Two examples of a longitudinal wave are __________ and __________.
Q7) The waves with the largest wavelength are waves __________ and ___________.
Q8) Two uses of ultrasound are __________ and __________. Page 8
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Page 9
Chapter 7: Electricity
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Sample Questions
Q1) The power consumed by the light bulb is 20 watts.
A)True
B)False
Q2) If I short out a D cell and draw a current of 7 A for 5 s,how many coulombs of charge move through the circuit?
A)7 C
B)5 C
C)7/5 C
D)35 C
Q3) A battery stores electric charge in the same way that a bottle stores water.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Fuses and circuit breakers are used to prevent A)electrical shocks.
B)wires overheating and causing fires.
C)save on the cost of electricity.
D)to store energy.
Q5) A charged particle creates an electric ________ in the space around it.
Q6) Four things that the resistance of a conducting material depends on are __________,__________,__________
Page 10
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Chapter 8: Electromagnetism and Em Waves
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Sample Questions
Q1) A body in a room at 300 K is heated to 3,000 K.The wavelength of the most intense EM radiation emitted by the body at 3,000 K is __________ times the wavelength of the most intense EM radiation at 300 K.
Q2) The ozone layer absorbs __________ radiation from sunlight.
Q3) The magnetic compass in an aircraft points to the geographic North Pole.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The ionosphere can be used to conduct radio communications over long distances. A)True B)False
Q5) __________ are emitted when high speed electrons decelerate as they are smashed into a metal target.
Q6) As the temperature of an object increases,the wavelength of the brightest light emitted increases.
A)True
B)False
Q7) The peak of a body's blackbody radiation curve shifts upward as the temperature of the body __________.
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Q8) Lower frequency radio waves are reflected back to Earth by the ______________.
Chapter 9: Optics
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Sample Questions
Q1) You do not see your image when you look at a flat rough aluminum surface because of __________.
Q2) You look at yourself in a plane mirror.If you move away from the mirror and look at yourself again,you now see
A)more of yourself.
B)less of yourself.
C)the same amount of yourself.
D)a larger image of yourself.
E)a smaller image of yourself.
Q3) When light passes through two or more narrow slits,an alternating dark and bright pattern is observed on a screen because of interference.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What is meant by the "normal" to a surface?
A)a line perpendicular to the surface at a given point
B)the angle between the surface and the light ray
C)a line parallel to the surface at a given point
D)the direction of a reflected ray
Q5) Light spreads out when it passes through a narrow slit because of __________.
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Chapter 10: Atomic Physics
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Sample Questions
Q1) oscillating atoms in a blackbody have this quantized
A)angular momentum
B)de Broglie wavelength
C)emission spectrum
D)energy
E)ground state
F)hologram
G)laser
H)photoelectric effect
I)photon
J)photon absorption
K)photon emission
L)uncertainty principle
M)wave function
Q2) A __________ is a three-dimensional image made using a laser.
Q3) The peak of the radiation curve of a blackbody moves toward larger wavelength as its temperature increases.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The person who developed the concept of a wave function was __________.
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Chapter 11: Nuclear Physics
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Sample Questions
Q1) The splitting of a large nucleus into two smaller nuclei upon absorbing a neutron is nuclear fusion.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Two things that exploit fission are __________ and __________.
Q3) An alpha particle is another name for a(n)__________.
Q4) The number of protons in a nucleus equals the number of neutrons.
A)True
B)False
Q5) When a nucleus in an excited state decays to the ground state,the particle emitted is
A)an alpha particle.
B)a beta particle.
C)a gamma ray.
D)an x-ray.
E)none of the above.
Q6) The energy of nuclear radiation as it is absorbed mostly goes to heat the material.
A)True
B)False
Page 14
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Chapter 12: Special Relativity and Elementary Particles
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Sample Questions
Q1) The color force between quarks is carried by mesons.
A)True
B)False
Q2) A lepton interacts via the strong interaction.
A)True
B)False
Q3) What is different between a particle and its antiparticle?
A)opposite electric charge
B)opposite strangeness
C)opposite charm
D)all of the above
Q4) Because of the equivalence of mass and energy,an electron and a positron,which are two massive particles,can annihilate when they come together to produce two photons,which have no mass.
A)True
B)False
Q5) The prediction from special relativity that the length of a moving object will be shortened in the direction of motion is called __________.
Q6) In all interactions __________ number is conserved.
Page 15
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