Fundamentals of Physical Science Practice Exam
Course Introduction
Fundamentals of Physical Science introduces students to the essential principles and concepts that form the foundation of physical sciences, including physics, chemistry, astronomy, and earth science. The course emphasizes the scientific method, critical thinking, and problem-solving skills through the exploration of topics such as motion, energy, matter, forces, atomic structure, chemical reactions, and the nature of the universe. Through lectures, laboratory experiments, and hands-on activities, students gain an integrated understanding of how physical processes shape the natural world and impact everyday life. This course is designed for non-science majors and provides a broad appreciation of physical science concepts and their practical applications.
Recommended Textbook
Conceptual Physical Science 6th Edition by Paul G. Hewitt
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Patterns of Motion and Equilibrium
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Sample Questions
Q1) Compared with the mass of an apple on Earth,the mass of the same apple on the Moon is
A)less.
B)more.
C)the same.
Answer: C
Q2) What is the difference between speed,velocity,and instantaneous velocity? Give examples of each.
Answer: All describe motion,speed being the simplest.Speed is a ratio of distance traveled per unit of time.A car driving along a road,for example,may have a speed of 30 km/h.Velocity is speed but with direction stated or implied,and is therefore a vector quantity.The same car driving due north along a road has a velocity of 30 km/h north.Instantaneous velocity is the velocity at any instant.Its magnitude is shown by the reading on a speedometer.If you get a traffic ticket for speeding,it is your instantaneous velocity,not an overall average velocity,that may get you in trouble.
Q3) Give three examples of the equilibrium rule that are not cited in the textbook.
Answer: Open ended.Whatever the objects listed,they must be in a non-accelerated state (no changes in their states of motion).Examples are ________,________,and
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Newtons Laws of Motion
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Sample Questions
Q1) A martial arts person breaks a board with a blow of 3000 N.The force that acts on the hand is
A)less than 3000 N.
B)3000 N.
C)more than 3000 N.
D)not enough information
Answer: B
Q2) A parachutist steps from a hovering helicopter and falls for 5 s before reaching terminal velocity.During this 5-s interval,her acceleration
A)is constant.
B)increases.
C)decreases.
D)is zero.
E)none of the above
Answer: C
Q3) To say there is no such thing as only one force means
A)there must also be an oppositely directed force.
B)other forces,perhaps not evident,are there.
C)gibberish.
Answer: A
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Chapter 3: Momentum and Energy
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Sample Questions
Q1) A straw is used for a pea shooter.When you blow through the straw the speed of the emerging pea will be greater if the straw is
A)cut in half.
B)full length.
C)either cut in half or full length.
Answer: B
Q2) The power expended for a barbell raised 2.0 m in 2 s is
A)1 W.
B)4 W.
C)8 W.
D)not enough information
Answer: D
Q3) The distinction between impulse and force involves the A)distance the force acts.
B)time the force acts.
C)difference between acceleration and velocity.
D)mass and its effect on resisting a change in momentum.
Answer: B
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Chapter 4: Gravity, Projectiles, and Satellites
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Sample Questions
Q1) Air resistance on a high-speed projectile shortens its A)range.
B)maximum height.
C)both of these
D)none of the above
Q2) If the masses of two planets doubles and the distance between them reduces by half,the force between them would be
A)unchanged.
B)half as much.
C)twice as much.
D)four times as much.
E)none of the above
Q3) Perturbations of planets are due to A)interplanetary forces.
B)deviations from straight-line paths.
C)uneven masses of planets.
D)none of the above
Q4) What is the magnitude and direction of the gravitational force that acts on a person who weighs 500 N at Earth's surface?
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Chapter 5: Fluid Mechanics
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Sample Questions
Q1) When a gas in a container expands to twice its volume,with no change in temperature,its density
A)is half.
B)doubles.
C)quadruples.
D)remains the same.
Q2) Fill a U-tube with water and the level in both ends is the same.Water seeks its own level.Why?
Q3) What is the approximate mass of a 1-cm<sup>2</sup> column of air that extends from sea level to the top of the atmosphere?
A)1 g
B)1 kg
C)10 kg
D)100 kg
Q4) While you are standing,your blood pressure is normally greatest in your A)head. B)heart.
C)feet.
D)same in each
Q5) Explain why ships of any weight are balanced on the Falkirk Wheel.
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Chapter 6: Thermal Energy and Thermodynamics
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Sample Questions
Q1) The temperature of water rises when 2.00 calories are added.It will rise the same when
A)4.19 J are added.
B)8.38 J are added.
C)83.4 J are added.
Q2) When a gas such as helium becomes twice as hot it has
A)twice the thermal energy.
B)twice the absolute temperature.
C)both of these
D)none of the above
Q3) Because a refrigerator operates by a motor,leaving the refrigerator door open for hours in a closed room
A)increases room temperature.
B)decreases room temperature.
C)doesn't affect room temperature.
Q4) The motion of particles that contribute to thermal energy are A)translational.
B)rotational.
C)vibrational.
D)all of the above
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Chapter 7: Heat Transfer and Change of Phase
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Sample Questions
Q1) If a volume of air is warmed,it expands.If a volume of air expands,it A)warms.
B)cools.
C)neither of these
Q2) As a block of ice at 0°C melts,the block absorbs energy
A)and decreases in temperature.
B)and increases in temperature.
C)without a temperature change.
D)all of the above
E)none of the above
Q3) Radiant energy emitted by our planet is A)terrestrial energy.
B)the outcome of radioactivity in Earth's interior.
C)electromagnetic.
D)all of the above
Q4) An infrared thermometer operates by way of A)temperature differences.
B)radiant energy invisible to humans.
C)conduction,convection,and radiation.
D)none of the above
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Chapter 8: Static and Current Electricity
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of these,both of the same length,has the greater electrical resistance?
A)a thick copper wire
B)a thin copper wire
C)both about the same
D)need more information
Q2) Normally a balloon charged to several thousand volts has a relatively small amount of A)charge.
B)energy.
C)both of these D)none of the above
Q3) In a common dc circuit,electrons typically move at the speed of A)a fraction of a centimeter per second.
B)a few meters per second.
C)sound.
D)light.
E)none of the above
Q4) What is electric resistance? What characteristics of a wire determine its resistance? How does resistance normally vary with temperature?
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Chapter 9: Magnetism and Electromagnetic Induction
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Sample Questions
Q1) Magnetic field lines about a current-carrying wire
A)extend radially from the wire.
B)circle the wire in closed loops.
C)both of these
D)none of the above
Q2) The induced electric and magnetic fields of Maxwell are
A)parallel to each other.
B)perpendicular to each other.
C)non-directional.
Q3) Faraday's law describes
A)electromagnetic induction.
B)the connection between current,voltage,and resistance.
C)the attraction and repulsion of magnetic poles.
D)the force between magnetic poles.
E)all of the above
Q4) Every magnet contains at least A)one pole.
B)two poles.
C)four poles.
Q5) Distinguish between a common bar magnet and an electromagnet.
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Chapter 10: Waves and Sound
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Sample Questions
Q1) The loudness of a musical sound is most related to the sound's A)wavelength.
B)frequency.
C)speed.
D)amplitude.
E)all of the above
Q2) Bree dips a pair of prongs onto a water surface and produces waves.When she dips more frequently the resulting waves
A)have shorter wavelengths.
B)remain the same in wavelength.
C)have longer wavelengths.
D)move faster.
E)none of the above
Q3) Sound travels fastest in A)water vapor.
B)water.
C)ice.
D)same in all
Q4) What is resonance and the conditions for resonance? Give examples.
Q5) Why will a struck tuning fork sound louder when it is held against a table?
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Chapter 11: Light
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Sample Questions
Q1) A mixture of cyan and yellow inks on a printed page appears A)orange.
B)yellow.
C)magenta.
D)blue.
E)green.
Q2) If a light signal and a radio signal were emitted simultaneously from Alpha Centauri,the first to reach Earth would be the A)radio signal.
B)light signal.
C)both the same time
Q3) Relative to its average speed in air,the average speed of a beam of light in glass is A)more.
B)the same.
C)less.
Q4) A pane of red glass transmits primarily A)red light.
B)the complementary color of red light.
C)all colors of light.
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Chapter 12: Atoms and the Periodic Table
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following elements is in the fourth period?
A)chromium (Cr)
B)hydrogen (H)
C)beryllium(Be)
D)carbon (C)
E)zirconium (Zr)
Q2) If you remove two protons and two neutrons from a gold atom (Au),what new element is formed?
A)Ir
B)Au
C)Re
D)Au<sup>-2</sup>
E)Tl
Q3) Which atom is smallest?
A)Be
B)Mg
C)Ca
D)Sr
E)All are the same size.
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Page 14
Chapter 13: The Atomic Nucleus and Radioactivity
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Sample Questions
Q1) If a nucleus of \(\begin{array} { c } 232\\ 90
\end{array}\) Th absorbs a neutron and the resulting nucleus undergoes two successive beta decays (emitting electrons),what nucleus results?
A)americium-232
B)plutonium-232
C)thorium-233
D)uranium-233
Q2) Alpha and beta rays are deflected in opposite directions in a magnetic field because
A)they have opposite charges.
B)they spin in opposite directions.
C)alpha particles contain nucleons and beta particles do not.
D)all of the above
Q3) Does a radioactive isotope ever lose its radioactivity?
A)yes
B)no
C)sometimes
D)usually
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Chapter 14: Elements of Chemistry
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Sample Questions
Q1) How would you describe the volume of the following object? the amount of water in a swimming pool
A)microscopic
B)macroscopic
C)submicroscopic
D)all of the above
E)none of the above
Q2) If you have one molecule of TiO<sub>2,</sub> how many molecules of O<sub>2</sub> does it contain?
A)None,O<sub>2</sub> is a different molecule than TiO<sub>2.</sub>
B)One,TiO<sub>2</sub> is a mixture of Ti and O<sub>2.</sub>
C)Two,TiO<sub>2</sub> is a mixture of Ti and 2 O.
D)Three,TiO<sub>2</sub> contains three molecules.
E)none of the above
Q3) Microtechnology began
A)about 60 years ago with the invention of solid state transistors.
B)in the 1990s with the use of computers.
C)with the development of micron chemistry in the early 1800s.
D)at the close of World War II.
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Page 16
Chapter 15: How Atoms Bond and Molecules Attract
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Sample Questions
Q1) Chlorine, \(\mathrm { Cl } _ { 2 }\) ,is a gas at room temperature,but bromine, \(\mathrm { Br } _ { 2 }\) ,is a liquid.Explain.
A)Chlorine atoms are larger and this makes the formation of induced dipole-induced dipole attractions more favorable.
B)Bromine atoms are larger and this makes the formation of induced dipole-induced dipole attractions more favorable.
C)The smaller chlorine molecules are able to pack together in a tighter physical orientation.
D)The bromine ions are held together by ionic bonds.
Q2) The concept of a chemical bond is
A)how two or more atoms are held together.
B)the sharing of nucleons.
C)how two or more electrons reside in an orbital.
D)how much energy it takes to remove an electron from a set of atoms.
E)none of the above
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Chapter 16: Mixtures
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following solutions is the most dilute?
A)one liter of water with 1 gram of sugar
B)one liter of water with 2 grams of sugar
C)one liter of water with 5 grams of sugar
D)one liter of water with 10 grams of sugar
E)They all have the same volume.
Q2) What is the difference between a compound and a mixture?
A)A mixture can be physically separated into its components; a compound cannot be physically separated into its components.
B)A compound can be physically separated into its components; a mixture cannot be physically separated into its components.
C)A compound is just a mixture of elements.
D)The components of a mixture do not have the same properties individually as they do when mixed.
E)The components of a compound have the same properties individually as they do when mixed.
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18
Chapter 17: How Chemicals React
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Sample Questions
Q1) The concept of entropy tells us how exothermic reactions are
A)favored over endothermic reactions.
B)not as favorable as endothermic reactions.
C)just as effective as endothermic reactions.
D)the reverse of endothermic reactions.
Q2) Why does iodine, \(\mathrm { I } _ { 2 }\) (s),spontaneously sublime at room temperature?
A)The contact of iodine, \(\mathrm { I } _ { 2 }\) (s),with the water vapor in the air causes the sublimation process.
B)Iodine, \(\mathrm { I } _ { 2 }\) (s),pulls \(\mathrm { O } _ { 2 }\) from the air as it self-oxidizes under sublimation to \(\mathrm { I } _ { 2 }\) (g).
C)There is an increase in entropy as solid iodine, \(\mathrm { I } _ { 2 }\) (s),sublimes into iodine vapor, \(\mathrm { I } _ { 2 }\) (g),because in the gaseous phase energy is more readily dispersed.
D)The reaction of \(\mathrm { I } _ { 2 }\) (s)subliming to \(\mathrm { I } _ { 2 }\)
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19
Chapter 18: Two Classes of Chemical Reactions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Hydrogen sulfide,H<sub>2</sub>S,burns in the presence of oxygen, \(\mathrm { O } _ { 2 }\) ,to produce water, \(\mathrm { H } _ { 2 }\) O,and sulfur dioxide,SO<sub>2</sub>.Through this reaction,is sulfur oxidized or reduced? 2 \(\mathrm { H } _ { 2 }\) S + 3 \(\mathrm { O } _ { 2 }\) ? 2 \(\mathrm { H } _ { 2 }\) O + 2 \(\mathrm { SO } _ { 2 }\)
A)Sulfur is reduced.
B)Sulfur is oxidized.
C)Sulfur is both oxidized and reduced.
D)Sulfur is neither oxidized nor reduced.
Q2) If you had a 1 M solution of a weak base what would be its pH?
A)1
B)6
C)7
D)8
E)13
Q3) What is the hydroxide ion concentration in an aqueous solution where the pH = 5?
A)The hydronium ion concentration equals 1 × \(10 ^ { - 9 }\) .
B)The hydronium ion concentration equals 1 × \(10 ^ { - 7 }\) .
C)The hydronium ion concentration equals 1 × \(10 ^ { - 5 }\) .
D)The hydronium ion concentration equals 1 × \(10 ^ { - 3 }\)
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Chapter 19: Organic Compounds
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Sample Questions
Q1) One solution to the problem of our overflowing landfills is to burn plastic objects instead of burying them.What would be some of the advantages and disadvantages of this practice?
A)disadvantage: toxic air pollutants; advantage: reduced landfill volume
B)disadvantage: loss of vital petroleum-based resource; advantage: generation of electricity
C)disadvantage: discourages recycling; advantage: provides new jobs
D)all of the above
Q2) What is a hydrocarbon?
A)It is a molecule composed of carbon and hydrogen only.
B)It is a wet carbon atom.
C)It is any organic molecule.
D)It is a molecule derived from hydrogen synthesis.
E)none of the above
Q3) Which would you expect to be more viscous,a polymer made of long molecular strands or one made of short molecular strands? Why?
A)short molecular strands because of a greater density
B)long molecular strands because they tend to tangle among themselves
C)short molecular strands because their ends are typically polar
D)long molecular strands because of a greater molecular mass
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Chapter 20: Rocks and Minerals
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Sample Questions
Q1) Most rock-forming minerals are members of the group called A)silicates.
B)carbonates.
C)sulfates.
D)oxides.
Q2) Rocks formed by cooling from a molten state are
A)precipitated rocks.
B)igneous rocks.
C)sedimentary rocks.
D)metamorphic rocks.
Q3) Which of the following is not a characteristic of clastic sedimentary rock?
A)They are composed of small pieces of weathered rock.
B)They are classified by particle size.
C)They are created by precipitation.
D)They may contain organic matter.
Q4) Silica has a relatively A)low melting point.
B)high melting point.
Q5) Can metamorphism,caused solely by elevated temperature,occur without the presence of magma? Why or why not?
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Chapter 21: Plate Tectonics and Earths Interior
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Sample Questions
Q1) The relative movement of a strike-slip fault is A)left to right.
B)right to left.
C)horizontal.
D)vertical.
Q2) Compression cannot produce
A)anticlines.
B)synclines.
C)normal faults.
D)reverse faults.
Q3) Damage from an earthquake is most severe when the A)epicenter is close to the surface.
B)surface material is composed of unconsolidated sediments.
C)buildings and structures are poorly constructed.
D)all of the above
Q4) In an undeformed sequence of rocks,the youngest rocks are found
A)at the bottom of the rock sequence.
B)as an eroded bed.
C)at the top of the rock sequence.
D)in the core of an anticline.
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Chapter 22: Shaping Earths Surface
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Q1) The necessary condition to produce an artesian system is
A)an unconfined aquifer that intersects the land surface.
B)a confined aquifer under sufficient pressure.
C)a confined aquifer that intersects the water table.
D)any of these
Q2) Why does quartz sandstone have a high porosity and a high permeability?
Q3) Karst topography is dominated by
A)rivers and lakes.
B)sinkholes,caves,and caverns.
C)rugged hills and valleys.
D)glaciers.
Q4) Which of the following is a necessary condition for an ice mass to be a glacier?
A)Accumulation must exceed ablation.
B)Basal sliding must occur.
C)The ice mass must move under its own weight.
D)Meltwater must be present.
Q5) What three factors affect stream speed?
Q6) Where and how do deltas form?
Q7) As a river overflows its channel,sediment is deposited along the channel banks.What type of sediment is deposited first? What type is deposited last?
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Chapter 23: Geologic Time - Reading the Rock Record
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Q1) Granitic pebbles with a radiometric age of 300 million years are embedded in a sedimentary rock.A dike,dated at 200 million years,intrudes into the sedimentary rock.With all this information we can estimate the age of the sedimentary rock to be
A)older than 300 million years.
B)younger than 200 million years.
C)between 200 and 300 million years old.
D)precisely 300 million years old.
Q2) In a sedimentary rock that contains inclusions of metamorphic rock,the inclusions must be
A)older than the sedimentary rock.
B)younger than the sedimentary rock.
C)on top of the sedimentary rock.
D)below the sedimentary rock.
Q3) Pangaea formed during the Paleozoic and broke up in the Mesozoic.Of all the former continental unions that existed in Paleozoic time,only that of
A)Australia and Antarctica has survived to the present time.
B)Africa and India has survived to the present time.
C)North and South America has survived to the present time.
D)Europe and Asia has survived to the present time.
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Page 25
Chapter 24: The Oceans, Atmosphere, and Climatic Effects
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Q1) Air that flows southward from the horse latitudes in the Northern Hemisphere produces the A)Gulf Stream.
B)trade winds.
C)westerlies.
D)Kuroshio current.
Q2) The most common depositional shoreline feature is a A)beach.
B)wave-cut platform.
C)barrier island.
D)seamount.
Q3) The Earth's lower atmosphere is kept warm by A)solar radiation.
B)terrestrial radiation.
C)short-wave radiation.
Q4) Where do the ocean's salts originate?
Q5) What direction do the trade winds blow? Is this direction a constant? How do the trade winds influence ocean circulation?
Q6) Why are temperature fluctuations greater over land than water?
Q7) What is the El Niño condition?
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Chapter 25: Driving Forces of Weather
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Q1) In order for it to rain,there must be
A)condensation nuclei,updrafts,and thick clouds.
B)sufficient vertical cloud development.
C)wind.
D)droplet bombardment.
Q2) Clouds denoted by the prefix "alto" are
A)high clouds that form about 6000 meters above the ground.
B)middle clouds that form 2000 to 6000 meters above the ground.
C)low clouds that form 1000 to 2000 meters above the ground.
Q3) Which of the following is not associated with a cold front?
A)thunderstorms
B)drop in air pressure
C)gradually rising warm air
D)clear skies behind the front
Q4) Temperature in the air can decrease by the process of
A)moisture condensation.
B)moisture evaporation.
C)contact with warm surfaces.
D)solar radiation.
Q5) What is an adiabatic process?
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Chapter 26: The Solar System
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Sample Questions
Q1) When the alignment of the Sun,the Moon,and Earth produce a solar eclipse,the body between the other two is the A)Sun.
B)Moon.
C)Earth.
Q2) What aspect of Titan may hold clues as to what Earth was like before life arose here?
A)its intense volcanic activity
B)its expansive liquid oceans
C)the rate of radioactive decay of its inner core
D)an intriguing soup of organic molecules
Q3) When a contracting hot ball of stellar gas spins into a disk shape,it cools faster due to
A)increased convection currents.
B)increased radiation transfer.
C)decreased insulation.
D)increased surface area to volume.
E)eddy currents.
Q4) Distinguish between a solar eclipse and a lunar eclipse,and the reasons for each.
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28
Chapter 27: Stars and Galaxies
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Sample Questions
Q1) Luminosity is
A)the total amount of light energy that star emits into space.
B)the stars apparent brightness.
C)the stars particular color spectrum output.
D)the stars total infrared output.
Q2) What do astronomers expect will be left at the center of our solar system once the Sun has gone through all its life stages?
A)a planet sized diamond
B)a red giant
C)a black hole
D)a wormhole
Q3) Which one of these elements is normally the remnant of a supernova?
A)hydrogen
B)helium
C)silver
D)none of these
Q4) Metals are relatively more abundant in
A)old stars.
B)new stars.
C)neither in particular
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Chapter 28: The Structure of Space and Time
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73 Verified Questions
73 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The Big Bang occurred
A)at the tip of your nose.
B)at the center of each galaxy.
C)at some undetermined yet vastly distant point.
D)within an unusually large supernova.
Q2) Spacetime is curved by
A)mass.
B)the force of gravity.
C)quantum fluctuations.
D)the vacuum force.
Q3) A strong gravitational field
A)slows a clock.
B)speeds up a clock.
C)has no effect on the speed of a clock.
Q4) Space and time are
A)bound together.
B)independent entities.
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Chapter 29: Prologue: The Nature of Science
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of these is a scientific hypothesis (that could be proved wrong)?
A)atoms in proper proportions make us feel good
B)atoms are in all the stars in the universe
C)an atom is the smallest bit of matter in a material
D)none of the above
Q2) Which of the following is a scientific statement?
A)the Moon is made of green cheese
B)matter is filled with undetectable particles
C)there are parts of the universe that will never be found by humans
D)none of the above
Q3) In science,facts
A)are absolute.
B)may change.
C)mean very little.
D)are more important than theories.
Q4) In science,a theory is
A)an educated guess.
B)less than a fact.
C)a synthesis of a large body of well-tested knowledge.
D)unchangeable.
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