Fundamentals of Nutrition Review Questions
Course Introduction
Fundamentals of Nutrition introduces students to the basic principles and concepts of human nutrition. The course covers essential nutrients, their functions, sources, digestion, absorption, and metabolism, as well as the relationship between diet and health. Students will learn about the Dietary Guidelines, nutritional requirements throughout the lifespan, and how to evaluate nutritional information and food labels to make informed dietary choices. The course also addresses current issues in nutrition, including the impact of nutrition on chronic diseases and public health.
Recommended Textbook Nutrition An Applied Approach 5th Edition by
Janice J. Thompson
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30 Chapters
1904 Verified Questions
1904 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Nutrition: Linking Food and Health
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Sample Questions
Q1) Inorganic nutrients that are NOT broken down by the human body or destroyed by heat or light are called
A) vitamins.
B) minerals.
C) proteins.
D) fats.
Answer: B
Q2) What is the group given a specific treatment or intervention during an experiment called?
A) the experimental group
B) the control group
C) the double-blind group
D) the study population
Answer: A
Q3) A beverage that contains 20 grams of alcohol mixed with a diet (0-Calorie)soda has approximately 140 kilocalories.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Designing a Healthful Diet
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Sample Questions
Q1) A method for eating out healthfully is to
A) order several appetizers so that you will not eat your entire entrée when it arrives.
B) order any meat dish grilled or broiled and avoid fried or breaded meat dishes.
C) order a soft drink as your beverage so that you'll feel full.
D) eat out only when you are not especially hungry.
Answer: B
Q2) Percent Daily Values listed on food labels are based on an energy intake level of 2,000 Calories a day.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) The Dietary Guidelines for Americans are updated every 10 years.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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4
Chapter
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Sample Questions
Q1) In the small intestine,fat-soluble nutrients are absorbed by A) bile.
B) capillaries.
C) lacteals.
D) chief cells.
Answer: C
Q2) Which of the following enables the cell membrane to remain flexible?
A) cholesterol
B) protein
C) carbohydrate
D) alcohol
Answer: A
Q3) Which organ is responsible for manufacturing and secreting digestive enzymes and bicarbonate?
A) liver
B) stomach
C) pancreas
D) gallbladder
Answer: C
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Carbohydrates: Plant-Derived Energy Nutrients
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Sample Questions
Q1) The Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI)is a USDA estimate of the amount of added sugars that is acceptable to consume daily.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Describe how carbohydrates are digested and metabolized in the human body,identifying the enzymes involved in the process.
Q3) The average American consumes about half of the AI for dietary fiber.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Sweetened soft drinks are the most common source of added sugars in the American diet.
A)True
B)False
Q5) The germ of a wheat kernel contains more fiber than the endosperm or bran.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Distinguish between the glycemic index and the glycemic load.Why is eating a diet with a low glycemic index or load potentially healthful?
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Chapter 5: Fats: Essential Energy-Supplying Nutrients
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Sample Questions
Q1) What role do polyunsaturated fatty acids play in the brain and spinal cord?
A) They regulate calcium levels within normal ranges.
B) They help transmit information between cells.
C) They act as carriers, enabling active transport of nutrients into cells.
D) They block the production of vessel-clogging cholesterol.
Q2) Which of the following statements about cholesterol is TRUE?
A) Foods that are high in cholesterol tend to be low in saturated fat.
B) The Institute of Medicine recommends keeping your cholesterol intake to an absolute minimum.
C) Your body's production and recycling of cholesterol are not influenced by the amount of cholesterol you consume in your diet.
D) There appears to be no direct link between dietary cholesterol and cardiovascular disease.
Q3) Your risk for cardiovascular disease is increased if you consume a diet high in A) linoleic acid.
B) EPA and DHA.
C) trans fatty acids.
D) essential fatty acids.
Q4) Explain the relationship between lipids and fats.Are sterols fats? Why or why not?
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Chapter 6: Proteins: Crucial Components of All Body
Tissues
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Sample Questions
Q1) Conduction of nerve signals and contraction of muscles depends on the proper balance of
A) glucose.
B) electrolytes.
C) buffers.
D) nitrogen.
Q2) Which of the following is NOT associated with kwashiorkor?
A) flat belly and abdomen
B) fatty degeneration of the liver
C) loss of hair
D) weight loss and muscle wasting
Q3) Explain the status of current research into the effects of a high-protein diet on bone loss.
Q4) Identify and describe the steps involved in protein synthesis.
Q5) Which of the following statements about dietary protein intake is TRUE?
A) On average, protein intake recommendations are lower for older adults than for young and middle-age adults.
B) The RDA for protein for sedentary adults is 1.2 g per kg of body weight.
C) The AMDR for protein is 10% to 25% of total energy intake.
D) Athletes have higher protein needs than sedentary adults.
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Chapter 7: Nutrients Involved in Fluid and Electrolyte Balance
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Sample Questions
Q1) Fruits and vegetables are rich sources of potassium.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Sports drinks are not necessary for individuals who engage in little or no exercise.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which is NOT a function of chloride?
A) assists in regulating the body's fluid balance
B) assists in the transmission of nerve impulses
C) in the form of hydrochloric acid, helps prepare food for digestion
D) used in public water supplies to kill harmful bacteria
Q4) Sodium is an essential nutrient necessary for human health.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Sports beverages are a combination of fluid,carbohydrate,and A) unsaturated fatty acids.
B) electrolytes.
C) diuretics.
D) soluble fiber.
Page 9
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Chapter 8: Nutrients Essential to Key Body Functions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Two B-vitamins contain the major mineral sulfur.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Adequate folate consumption is the most critical during the last trimester of pregnancy.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Excessive consumption of vitamin A supplements can be highly toxic.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The most potent form of vitamin E is
A) alpha-tocopherol.
B) beta-tocopherol.
C) delta-tocopherol.
D) gamma-tocopherol.
Q5) Beta-carotene is a precursor of A) retinol.
B) alpha-tocopherol.
C) zeaxanthin.
D) ascorbic acid.
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Chapter 9: Nutrients Essential to Healthy Tissues
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Sample Questions
Q1) Around what age does bone resorption generally begin to occur more rapidly than bone formation?
A) 10
B) 20
C) 40
D) 60
Q2) Which of the following dairy foods would provide the most calcium?
A) 8 ounces of skim milk
B) 8 ounces of Greek yogurt
C) 8 ounces of regular yogurt
D) 1 ounce of Swiss cheese
Q3) A deficiency of which of the following can result in a condition called macrocytic (or megaloblastic)anemia?
A) folate
B) iron
C) B
D) zinc
Q4) One cause of vitamin K deficiency is overgrowth of the GI flora.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 10: Achieving and Maintaining a Healthful Body Weight
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the National Weight Control Registry?
A) a list of medical doctors specially trained to treat individuals with obesity
B) a government agency that monitors fad diets for quackery
C) recommendations from hundreds of registered dietitians suggesting ways to achieve a healthful body weight
D) an ongoing project detailing the habits of people who have achieved and maintained weight loss
Q2) Which of the following is NOT considered a basal function?
A) respiration (inhaling and exhaling air)
B) circulation of your blood and lymph
C) walking up stairs
D) maintaining your body temperature
Q3) Which of the following would NOT be practical advice to overcome the "I don't have enough time!" barrier to physical activity?
A) Force yourself to exercise at least 45 minutes at a time every day.
B) When you are talking on the phone, pace instead of sitting still.
C) Meet your friends for a lunchtime walk, jog, or workout.
D) Skip the elevator and take the stairs.
Q4) Are you happy with your body weight? Is it healthful? Why or why not?
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Chapter 11: Nutrition and Physical Activity: Keys to Good Health
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Sample Questions
Q1) Where in the body do we find the greatest storage of potential energy to fuel long-term activities?
A) muscle glycogen
B) blood glucose
C) muscle protein
D) body fat
Q2) When oxygen availability is limited in the cell,pyruvic acid is converted to lactic acid.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Substances used to improve overall exercise and athletic performance are known as
A) glycogenic aids.
B) ergonomic aids.
C) ergogenic aids.
D) energetic aids.
Q4) The longer the fatty acid chain,the more ATP can be generated from breakdown.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Discuss the health benefits of regular physical activity.
Page 13
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Chapter
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Sample Questions
Q1) Chemicals that accumulate in soil and water as a result of car emissions,improperly disposed waste,industry,and agriculture are known as A) greenhouse gases.
B) mycotoxins.
C) food residues.
D) persistent organic pollutants.
Q2) Microorganisms that benefit from and harm their hosts are called A) fungi.
B) toxins.
C) parasites.
D) prions.
Q3) Smoking a ham preserves the food by drawing water out of the cells through a process called A) hydrolysis.
B) dehydration.
C) glycolysis.
D) saponification.
Q4) The overuse of pesticides has led to the development of so-called "superbugs." A)True B)False
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Chapter
Challenge of Good Food
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Sample Questions
Q1) In 2014,nearly 12.5 million Americans experienced very low food security.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The program in which a farmer sells a certain number of regular "shares" of locally grown food to the public is known as
A) farmers markets.
B) community supported agriculture.
C) fair trade.
D) slow food.
Q3) Federal funds subsidize the production of the apples at your local orchard. A)True
B)False
Q4) The primary goal of sustainable agriculture is attaining a surplus of food crops. A)True
B)False
Q5) List and describe at least three key factors that contribute to chronic food shortages.Be specific.What is the relationship between each of them and hunger? Which one do you think is most likely to be alleviated the soonest,and why?
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Chapter 14: Nutrition Through the Lifecycle: Pregnancy and the
First Year of Life
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Sample Questions
Q1) At birth,baby Ramon weighs 8 pounds.If his growth and development are normal,what would you expect Ramon to weigh at his first birthday?
A) 16 pounds
B) 20 pounds
C) 24 pounds
D) 32 pounds
Q2) Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy typically resolve with A) birth of the infant.
B) hypertensive medication.
C) a low-sodium diet.
D) hospitalization with total bed rest.
Q3) During pregnancy it is difficult for many women to obtain adequate iron from diet alone.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Which of the following hormones is referred to as the "let down" hormone?
A) estrogen
B) prolactin
C) leptin
D) oxytocin
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Chapter 15: Nutrition Through the Lifecycle: Childhood to
Late Adulthood
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Sample Questions
Q1) Limiting sugary drinks in children's diets is important only once their permanent teeth have erupted.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Added to municipal water supplies or taken as a supplement,chlorine will help prevent the development of dental caries.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Smoking increases the risk for cataracts.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Which of the following would NOT minimize the risk of dental caries?
A) having regular dental visits from age 3 on
B) calcium supplementation
C) limiting consumption of sticky sweets
D) frequent brushing
Q5) Toddlers need a higher amount of protein per kg body weight than older children.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Compare the benefits and risks of feeding a vegan diet to a young child. Page 17
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Page 18
Chapter 16: New Frontiers in Nutrition and Health
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements is TRUE about a diet high in phytochemicals?
A) It is thought to increase the risk of cancer.
B) It is thought to reduce inflammation linked to the development of cancer.
C) It can prevent some forms of cancer.
D) It can cure some forms of cancer.
Q2) Which of the following is NOT a health-promoting function associated with a healthy intake of phytochemicals from foods?
A) reduction in inflammation that is linked to the development of cardiovascular disease
B) slowing of tumor growth in the development of cancer
C) increase in bacterial resistance to antibiotics
D) enhanced immune function to protect against infection
Q3) Inulin is a kind of prebiotic that nourishes colonies of healthful bacteria in the GI tract.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Epigenetic factors actually change the structure of our DNA.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 17: Healthful Eating Patterns
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Q1) Which of the following statements about the eating patterns of Americans is TRUE?
A) About 90% of Americans meet their daily intake recommendations for vegetables.
B) Nearly 50% of Americans consume more than their daily intake recommendations for added sugars.
C) About 20% of Americans fail to meet their daily intake recommendations for fruits.
D) Nearly 100% of Americans fail to meet their daily intake recommendations for whole grains.
Q2) In the exchange system,free foods are defined as foods and beverages that contain fewer than 20 Calories per serving.
A)True B)False
Q3) The alcohol you consume is not considered part of your overall eating pattern. A)True B)False
Q4) Fortunately,more than 50% of Americans do follow a healthful eating pattern. A)True B)False
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Chapter 18: Disorders Related to Specific Foods
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Q1) Which of the following would a blood test reveal for a person suffering from a peanut allergy?
A) malnutrition
B) a lack of antibodies specific to peanuts
C) the presence of antibodies specific to peanuts
D) the presence of peanut allergen in the blood
Q2) Food intolerances usually occur because
A) the person's small intestine does not produce enough of a digestive enzyme needed to break down the offending food.
B) the person's immune system produces antibodies against a food component, usually a protein, as if it were harmful.
C) the person's immune system provokes inflammation of the villi of the small intestine whenever the person consumes the offending food.
D) the person's neuromuscular system prompts waves of backwards peristalsis in response to consumption of the offending food.
Q3) Nonceliac gluten sensitivity is thought to be due to emotional factors.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 19: Diabetes
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Sample Questions
Q1) A glucometer is a device for measuring blood glucose levels.
A)True
B)False
Q2) When two or more tests of fasting plasma glucose fall within the values 100-125 mg/dL,the individual will likely be diagnosed with
A) diabetic ketoacidosis.
B) diabetes.
C) prediabetes.
D) normal blood glucose regulation.
Q3) Type 1 diabetes is the most common type of diabetes.
A)True
B)False
Q4) People with diabetes have a high rate of toe,foot,and lower-leg amputations because of
A) low levels of blood glucose and high levels of circulating insulin.
B) ketosis and ketoacidosis.
C) neuropathy and reduced circulation.
D) insulin sensitivity and reactivity.
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Page 22
Chapter 20: Cardiovascular Disease
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Sample Questions
Q1) Plaque minimizes the accumulation of cholesterol at the sites of damaged blood vessels.
A)True B)False
Q2) High-density lipoproteins circulate in the bloodstream,picking up cholesterol from arterial plaques and dying cells and dropping it off at the liver for recycling.
A)True B)False
Q3) Chylomicrons are often referred to as the "bad" cholesterol.
A)True
B)False
Q4) You would be diagnosed with true hypertension if your systolic blood pressure was greater than or equal to 140 mmHg or your diastolic blood pressure was greater than or equal to
A) 90 mmHg.
B) 120 mmHg.
C) 140 mmHg.
D) 160 mmHg.
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Page 23
Chapter 21: Vitamins and Minerals: Micronutrients With
Macro Powers
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Sample Questions
Q1) Vitamins A,D,E,and K are BEST absorbed with foods that are rich in
A) fat.
B) calcium.
C) fiber.
D) vitamin C.
Q2) The minerals in dietary supplements are synthesized in a laboratory.
A)True
B)False
Q3) What distinguishes a major mineral from a trace mineral?
A) quantity of the mineral found in foods
B) quantity of the mineral found in nature
C) daily requirement for the mineral and amount found in the body
D) importance to the body of the mineral
Q4) Protein is more efficiently absorbed by the body than iron.
A)True
B)False
Q5) The iron in breakfast cereal is absorbed more readily when consumed with a glass of vitamin C-rich orange juice.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 22: Alcohol
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Sample Questions
Q1) What distinguishes alcohol dependence from alcohol abuse?
A) impaired functioning
B) physical dependence
C) health problems
D) disruption of interpersonal relationships
Q2) People who abstain from alcohol are advised to start drinking in moderation for the potential health benefits associated with alcohol consumption.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Alcohol damages the pancreas.One effect of this damage is an increased risk for A) hypoglycemia.
B) hyponatremia.
C) type 1 diabetes.
D) type 2 diabetes.
Q4) Whereas the damage that occurs in fatty liver is reversible,the damage that occurs in alcoholic hepatitis is never reversible.
A)True
B)False
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Page 25
Chapter 23: Cancer
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Sample Questions
Q1) Eating whole foods that are high in antioxidants,such as fruits,vegetables,and whole grains,is consistently shown to be associated with a decreased risk of cancer.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which of the following causes cervical cancer?
A) HIV
B) HPV
C) H. pylori
D) parasites
Q3) Research has shown people who consume antioxidant supplements have a reduced risk of developing cancer.
A)True
B)False
Q4) More than 40 compounds in tobacco and tobacco smoke are
A) radioactive.
B) free radicals.
C) carcinomas.
D) carcinogens.
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Chapter 24: Osteoporosis
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Q1) Which of the following people would most likely be at HIGHEST risk for osteoporosis?
A) A Hispanic woman who is 63 years old, is obese, and works as a nurse in a hospital.
B) An African American man who is 69 years old, is normal weight, and is a light drinker.
C) An Asian American woman who is 47 years old, is normal weight, and drinks 1 to 2 cups of coffee daily.
D) A Caucasian American woman who is 61 years old, is underweight, and smokes.
Q2) Which of the following would be MOST helpful in maintaining healthy bone mass?
A) Swimming 30 minutes a day, 4 days a week.
B) Maintaining a BMI between 18.5 and 21.0.
C) Jogging, jumping rope, or playing tennis 30 minutes a day, 4 days a week.
D) Consuming a minimum of 4,000 IU of vitamin D daily.
Q3) Which of the following is NOT associated with the female athlete triad?
A) abuse of anabolic steroids
B) low bone density
C) menstrual dysfunction
D) low energy availability
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Chapter 25: Obesity
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Q1) A diagnosis of metabolic syndrome indicates an increased risk for heart disease,type 2 diabetes,and stroke.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Arthur is 65 years old,and his BMI classifies him as obese.Which of the following is he LEAST likely to be at risk for?
A) depression
B) sleep apnea
C) osteoporosis
D) Alzheimer's disease
Q3) A BMI greater than or equal to 30 kg/m² adversely affects health.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Excess visceral fat stores and thus reduces the release of fatty acids and adipokines.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Self-esteem is thought to influence obesity risk.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 26: Disorders Related to Body Image, Eating, and Exercise
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Q1) People with muscle dysmorphia typically
A) exercise excessively but do not engage in disordered eating behaviors.
B) consume a high-carbohydrate diet.
C) seek opportunities to expose their muscular body to others.
D) report "feeling fat."
Q2) Hospitalization is MOST likely to be advised for people with an eating disorder who A) are severely underweight.
B) find a variety of foods unacceptable.
C) are medically stable.
D) engage in uncontrolled binge eating.
Q3) Which of the following psychiatric disorders is a leading cause of death among women between the ages of 15 and 24?
A) binge-eating disorder
B) depression
C) body dysmorphic disorder
D) anorexia nervosa
Q4) Binge-eating disorder is common in men.
A)True
B)False
29
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Chapter 27: The Safety and Effectiveness of Dietary Supplements
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Q1) Which of the following populations is MOST likely to benefit from taking a vitamin D supplement?
A) women who may become pregnant
B) people with low exposure to sunlight
C) people who do not consume adequate calcium
D) people on a highly restrictive weight-loss diet
Q2) The use of herbs to promote health and treat discomfort and disease is a relatively recent phenomenon.
A)True
B)False
Q3) A dietary supplement can be removed from the market for which of the following reasons?
A) if it has not been approved by the FDA
B) if it contains tissues from animal organs or glands
C) if it does not meet federal guidelines on purity, quality, safety, and composition
D) if the manufacturer cannot substantiate all label claims
Q4) Dietary supplements are NOT substitutes for a healthful diet.
A)True
B)False
30
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Chapter 28: Malnutrition
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Sample Questions
Q1) The leading cause of preventable mental impairment worldwide is
A) vitamin A deficiency.
B) vitamin C deficiency.
C) iodine deficiency.
D) iron deficiency.
Q2) Zinc deficiency is the most common micronutrient deficiency in the world.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Areas or regions where people lack access to fresh,healthful,and affordable food are called
A) food oases.
B) food deserts.
C) deprivation zones.
D) obesity zones.
Q4) All nations around the world have been exposed to a nutritional transition over the past 30 years.
A)True
B)False
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Page 31
Chapter 29: The Fetal Environment
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Q1) Adults who were exposed in utero,in infancy,and in early childhood to the Leningrad famine had far poorer health,on average,than adults who were exposed to the Netherlands famine.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The negative impact of fetal exposure to malnutrition is worsened if followed by low nutrient intakes shortly after birth.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Research suggests that fetal adaptation has a much more significant impact on adult health than lifestyle choices such as avoiding smoking and engaging in regular physical activity.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Research suggests that there are lifelong consequences to any type of nutrient imbalance during pregnancy.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 30: Searching for the Fountain of Youth
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Q1) Antioxidant supplements have consistently been shown to lower rates of death from heart disease and certain types of cancer.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which of the following would LEAST likely be included in a longevity calculator?
A) level of physical activity and weight status
B) sleep quality and duration
C) alcohol, drug, and tobacco use
D) use of anti-aging supplements
Q3) Even without Calorie restriction,vegan diets have been shown to improve an individual's metabolic profile.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Antioxidant supplements have not been shown to slow aging and may actually be harmful.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Calorie restriction is defined as consuming 1,000 or fewer Calories per day.
A)True
B)False
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 33