Fundamentals of Nursing Practice
Exam Questions
Course Introduction
Fundamentals of Nursing Practice introduces students to the essential concepts and skills required for professional nursing care. The course covers the theoretical foundations of nursing, including the nursing process, patient-centered care, communication, safety, and ethical principles. Students develop basic clinical competencies such as vital signs assessment, hygiene, mobility assistance, infection control, and medication administration through a combination of classroom instruction and hands-on laboratory experiences. Emphasis is placed on critical thinking, cultural sensitivity, evidence-based practice, and collaboration within the healthcare team to promote optimal patient outcomes.
Recommended Textbook
Health Assessment for Nursing Practice 6th Edition by Wilson
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24 Chapters
634 Verified Questions
634 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Introduction to Health Assessment
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14 Verified Questions
14 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The nurse documents which information in the patient's history?
A) The patient's skin feels warm to the touch.
B) The patient is scratching his arm.
C) The patient's temperature is 100° F.
D) The patient complains of itching.
Answer: D
Q2) A community organization sponsors a health fair to increase awareness of colon cancer. At the health fair, colorectal cancer screening kits are distributed, and health care professionals answer questions, take blood pressure, and distribute literature. What level of health prevention is being implemented by this community organization?
A) Primary
B) Secondary
C) Tertiary
D) Risk factor
Answer: B
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Chapter 2: Obtaining a Health History
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32 Verified Questions
32 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A patient comes to the ambulatory surgery center for an elective procedure this morning. While giving the admission history, the patient states she is allergic to latex. What is the most appropriate response by the nurse at this time?
A) Removing all latex products from the patient's room
B) Using powdered gloves when providing care to this patient
C) Informing the surgeon that the patient has type I hypersensitivity to latex
D) Questioning the patient about symptoms experienced in the past with latex
Answer: D
Q2) The nurse is interviewing a woman with her husband present. The husband answers the questions for the wife most of the time. What is the most appropriate therapeutic nursing action to hear the patient's viewpoint?
A) Continue the interview.
B) Ask the husband to step out of the room.
C) Ask another nurse to complete the interview.
D) Tell the woman to speak up for herself.
Answer: B
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Chapter 3: Techniques and Equipment for Physical Assessment
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31 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) How do nurses prevent a latex allergy?
A) They use nonlatex gloves for all procedures.
B) They protect their hands using oil-based hand lotion applying latex gloves.
C) They use a powder-free, low-allergen latex gloves.
D) They wash their hands with mild soap and dry thoroughly before applying latex gloves.
Answer: C
Q2) The patient asks about the meaning of his visual assessment of 20/40 using a Snellen visual acuity chart. What is the nurse's appropriate response?
A) "20/40 means your vision is about two times normal."
B) "A person with corrected vision can see at 20 feet what you can see at 40 feet."
C) "A person with normal vision can see at 20 feet what you can see at 40 feet."
D) "A person with normal vision can see at 40 feet what you can see at 20 feet."
Answer: D
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Chapter 4: General Inspection and Measurement of Vital Signs
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18 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A patient is sitting slightly forward bracing his arms on his knees in a tripod position. This position is associated with which symptom?
A) Abdominal pain
B) Spinal deformity
C) Back pain
D) Breathing difficulty
Q2) A nurse is taking vital signs of an adult patient whose oxygen saturation is 96%. The patient's temperature is 102° F, blood pressure is 130/86, pulse is 100 beats/min, and respiratory rate is 26 breaths/min. Which factor may be contributing to the elevated respiratory rate?
A) The patient's temperature
B) The patient's oxygen saturation
C) The patient's pulse rate
D) The patient's blood pressure
Q3) Which body system does the nurse assess primarily by inspection?
A) Respiratory
B) Gastrointestinal
C) Skin
D) Cardiovascular
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Chapter 5: Cultural Assessment
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Sample Questions
Q1) During the first prenatal visit for a 20-year-old Hispanic woman, the nurse assesses the patient's health beliefs and practices. Which questions are appropriate as part of this assessment? (Select all that apply.)
A) You are Hispanic, do you need me to find an interpreter?
B) What is the language that is usually spoken in your home?
C) How do you define health and illness?
D) Which Catholic church do you attend?
E) Do you have specific beliefs or preferences concerning food or food preparation?
F) Do you or the members of your family have certain beliefs and practices surrounding pregnancy and childbirth?
Q2) What are the characteristics of one's culture?
A) Color of skin and hair
B) System of beliefs and practices
C) Food preferences
D) Language and religion
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Chapter 6: Pain Assessment
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15 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The nurse notes in the patient's history that the patient has persistent, malignant pain. What is the meaning of this type of pain?
A) The pain has been present for at least 2 weeks.
B) The pain began after recent surgery and is associated with healing incisions.
C) The pain has been present for 6 or more months.
D) The pain has been present since surgery to remove cancer.
Q2) A patient with a partial small bowel obstruction describes the pain as "cramping, off-and-on pain that spreads over my stomach." What type of pain is this patient experiencing?
A) Referred pain
B) Phantom pain
C) Somatic pain
D) Visceral pain
Q3) Which patient would be expected to experience acute pain?
A) A patient who had abdominal surgery 8 hours ago
B) A patient who has cancer and has been receiving treatment for 4 months
C) A patient who states that he or she has lived with severe pain for many years
D) A patient who has been treated unsuccessfully over the past year for back pain
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Chapter 7: Mental Health Assessment
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17 Verified Questions
17 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which neurotransmitters are decreased in patients with depression? (Select all that apply.)
A) Acetylcholine (Ach)
B) Histamine
C) Norepinephrine (NE)
D) Dopamine (DA)
E) Gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA)
F) Serotonin (5 HT)
Q2) A patient in the waiting room appears anxious and moves around the room cleaning surfaces with a disinfectant cloth. This behavior is consistent with which disorder?
A) Bipolar disorder
B) Delirium
C) Schizophrenia
D) Obsessive-compulsive disorder
Q3) What function do neurotransmitters have in mental health disorders?
A) Dopamine levels are increased in schizophrenia.
B) Increased levels of gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) contribute to anxiety.
C) Serotonin is decreased in a state of anxiety.
D) Norepinephrine is increased in depression.
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Page 9
Chapter 8: Nutritional Assessment
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22 Verified Questions
22 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) During a physical examination, the nurse notes that the patient's skin is dry and flaking, with patches of eczema, and suspects a nutritional deficiency. What additional data should the nurse expect to find to confirm the suspicion?
A) Hair loss and hair that is easily removed from the scalp
B) Inflammation of the tongue and fissured tongue
C) Inflammation of peripheral nerves, and numbness and tingling in extremities
D) Fissures and inflammation of the mouth
Q2) Which patient needs to be taught about how diet and exercise can lower lipids to reduce the risk for coronary artery disease?
A) A woman with a high-density lipoprotein (HDL) level of 53 mg/dl
B) A man with an HDL level of 43 mg/dl
C) A woman with a low-density lipoprotein (LDL) level of 125 mg/dl
D) A man with an LDL level of 200 mg/dl
Q3) A nurse calculates a patient's body mass index (BMI) as 33. This measurement indicates which class of weight?
A) Overweight
B) Obesity class I
C) Obesity class II
D) Obesity class III
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Page 10
Chapter 9: Skin, Hair, and Nails
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30 Verified Questions
30 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A patient has come to the clinic complaining of a "bump" behind his right ear. Upon inspection, the nurse notes a lesion that is elevated, solid, and 4 cm in diameter. What does the nurse call this lesion when she reports her findings to the health care provider?
A) Tumor
B) Nodule
C) Keloid
D) Papule
Q2) A nurse notices multiple lesions on a patient's left hand that are 0.5 cm in width, elevated, circumscribed, and filled with serous fluid. What kind of primary lesions are these?
A) Macules
B) Patches
C) Vesicles
D) Bullae
Q3) How does the nurse recognize jaundice in a dark-skinned patient?
A) Inspect the conjunctiva for ashen-gray color.
B) Inspect the nail beds for a deeper brown or purple skin tone.
C) Inspect the palms and soles for yellowish-green color.
D) Inspect the oral mucous membrane for yellow color.
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Page 11
Chapter 10: Head, Eyes, Ears, Nose, and Throat
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75 Verified Questions
75 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) When inspecting a patient's posterior wall of the pharynx and tonsils, a nurse documents which finding as abnormal?
A) Both tonsils have a smooth surface.
B) Left and right tonsils meet at the midline.
C) Left and right tonsils extend beyond the posterior pillars.
D) Both tonsils have a glistening appearance.
Q2) A nurse is assessing the eyes of a healthy 72-year-old adult. What findings does the nurse expect? (Select all that apply.)
A) Bulbar conjunctiva pink and clear, with small red vessels noted
B) Sclera yellow and moist, cornea transparent
C) Extraocular movement tracking parallel with peripheral vision noted
D) Newspaper held at 18 inches to see clearly
E) Sclera visible between upper lid and iris
F) Gray to white circle noted where the sclera merges with the cornea
G) Light reflects on the cornea at 12 o'clock in each eye
Q3) Which cranial nerve is assessed by using the Snellen visual acuity chart?
A) Optic cranial nerve (CN II)
B) Oculomotor cranial nerve (CN III)
C) Abducens cranial nerve (CN IV)
D) Trochlear cranial nerve (CN VI)
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Chapter 11: Lungs and Respiratory System
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32 Verified Questions
32 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A patient has right lower lobe pneumonia, creating a consolidation in that lung. In assessing for vocal fremitus, the nurse found increased fremitus over the right lower lung. What finding does the nurse anticipate when assessing vocal resonance to confirm the consolidation?
A) Bronchophony reveals the patient's spoken "99" as clear and loud.
B) No sounds are expected since sounds cannot be transmitted through consolidation.
C) Egophony reveals indistinguishable sounds when the patient says "e-e-e."
D) Whispered pectoriloquy reveals a muffled sound when the patient says "1-2-3."
Q2) During a history, a nurse notices a patient is short of breath, is using pursed-lip breathing, and maintains a tripod position. Based on these data, what abnormal finding should the nurse expect to find during the examination?
A) Increased tactile fremitus
B) Inspiratory and expiratory wheezing
C) Tracheal deviation
D) An increased anteroposterior diameter
Q3) A patient tells the nurse that he has smoked 1 \(\frac{1}{2}\) packs of cigarettes a day for 14 years. The number of packs the nurse should record in the medical record is ___ pack-years.
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13
Chapter 12: Heart and Peripheral Vascular System
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32 Verified Questions
32 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A patient's blood pressure using the posterior tibial pulse is 104/72 while blood pressure using the brachial pulse is 112/84. This patient's ankle-brachial index is ____.
Q2) While taking a history, a nurse learns that this patient experiences shortness of breath (dyspnea). If the cause of the dyspnea is a cardiovascular problem, the nurse expects which abnormal finding on examination?
A) Flat jugular neck veins
B) Red, shiny skin on the legs
C) Weak, thready peripheral pulses
D) Edema of the feet and ankles
Q3) Which pulse may be a challenge for a nurse to palpate?
A) Temporal
B) Femoral
C) Popliteal
D) Dorsalis pedis
Q4) How is the first heart sound (S1) created?
A) Pulmonic and tricuspid valves close.
B) Mitral and aortic valves close.
C) Aortic and pulmonic valves close.
D) Mitral and tricuspid valves close.
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Chapter 13: Abdomen and Gastrointestinal System
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38 Verified Questions
38 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) On inspection of a female patient's abdomen, the nurse asks the patient to raise her head without using her arms and notes a midline bulge. What is the appropriate response of the nurse at this time?
A) Ask the patient to hold her breath to see if the bulge reappears.
B) Auscultate the patient's abdomen for hypoactive bowel sounds.
C) Document this as a normal finding and continue the examination.
D) Perform light palpation of the abdomen.
Q2) In assessing a patient with renal disease, the nurse palpates edema in both ankles and feet. Based on this finding, what question does the nurse ask the patient?
A) "Have you had any pain in your abdomen?"
B) "Have you had an unexpected weight gain?"
C) "Have you noticed a change in the color of your skin?"
D) "Have you had any nausea or vomiting?"
Q3) What technique does a nurse use when performing deep palpation of a patient's abdomen?
A) Places the left hand under the ribs to lift them up
B) Asks the patient to breathe slowly through the mouth
C) Positions the patient on the right side with knees flexed
D) Uses the heel of the hand to depress the abdomen
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Page 15
Chapter 14: Musculoskeletal System
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27 Verified Questions
27 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The nurse notes that there is an audible clicking sound when the patient opens and closes the mouth. What is the appropriate response of the nurse at this time?
A) Recording this as an abnormal finding, requiring additional assessment
B) Measuring the distance between each side of the mandible and the eyes
C) Applying resistance to the maxilla and asking the patient to repeat the motion
D) Documenting this finding as expected if no other signs or symptoms are found
Q2) In assessing a patient with a history of poliomyelitis, the nurse suspects the right leg muscles are smaller than the left leg. What is the best approach for the nurse to confirm or reject this suspicion?
A) Palpating both legs using the pads of the thumb and index fingers and comparing one side with another
B) Using a tape to measure each leg's circumference at the same location, above or below the nearest joint
C) Using a goniometer to measure the upper and lower legs with the patient in supine and standing positions
D) Palpating the legs using the tips of the thumb and index fingers, and comparing the findings with the Lovett scale
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Page 16
Chapter 15: Neurologic System
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34 Verified Questions
34 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which part of the nervous system is a nurse assessing when he places a vibrating tuning fork on a patient's wrist or ankle?
A) Frontal lobe and motor tracts
B) Parietal lobe and sensory tracts
C) Hypothalamus and sensory tracts
D) Cerebellum and motor tracts
Q2) A nurse holds the patient's relaxed left arm, with elbow flexed at a 90-degree angle, in one hand. The nurse palpates and then strikes the appropriate tendon just above the elbow with either end of the reflex hammer. What is the expected response for this deep tendon reflex?
A) Flexion of the left elbow
B) Pronation of the left forearm
C) Supination of the left arm
D) Extension of the left elbow
Q3) The nurse assesses the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX) by testing which reflex?
A) Corneal reflex
B) Gag reflex
C) Blink reflex
D) Cough reflex
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Page 17
Chapter 16: Breasts and Axillae
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Sample Questions
Q1) A patient comes to the clinic complaining of a new onset of nipple discharge. After inspection of the breast and discharge, what action of the nurse has the highest priority?
A) Palpating both breasts comparing amount of discharge
B) Asking the patient about breast pain
C) Asking the patient to raise her arms and comparing the movement of the breasts
D) Obtaining a specimen of the discharge for cytology
Q2) What is the purpose of asking a female to lean forward during the breast examination?
A) To accentuate the Montgomery glands
B) To observe for symmetry of the suspensory ligaments
C) To compare nipple symmetry
D) To identify any breast masses in the subcutaneous tissues
Q3) A nurse becomes suspicious that a patient may have breast cancer based on which abnormal finding?
A) An irregularly shaped hard mass in one breast
B) Bilateral, small, nontender nodes close to the surface
C) Multiple rubbery-feeling lumps with well-defined borders
D) A mobile, firm lump located in the upper outer quadrant of the left breast
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Chapter 17: Reproductive System and the Perineum
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Sample Questions
Q1) When does a nurse use transillumination of the scrotum?
A) When the patient has tortuosity of the veins along the spermatic cord
B) When the patient has an indirect hernia
C) When there is a mass or fluid in the epididymis
D) When there is twisting of the testicle and spermatic cord
Q2) A nurse examines a patient and finds a single, firm, painless open sore with indurated borders on the vulva. The nurse correlates this finding with which disorder?
A) Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection
B) Herpes infection
C) Gonorrhea
D) Syphilis
Q3) The nurse documents which finding as expected on inspection of the anus?
A) Skin tone darker and coarser than that of the surrounding skin
B) Sphincter lightly closed when the patient is relaxed
C) Large amount of stiff, curling hair surrounding the anus
D) Slight protrusion under the skin when the patient strains or bears down
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19
Chapter 18: Developmental Assessment Throughout the Life Span
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Sample Questions
Q1) During a counseling session, which statement by an adolescent indicates he is adjusting to expected developmental tasks?
A) "I wish my parents would just leave me alone."
B) "I'm hoping to go to college."
C) "I don't have any friends."
D) "It's terrible being taller than all my friends."
Q2) A parent tells the nurse about having difficulty disciplining a 5-year-old child. What characteristic does the nurse teach this parent to improve the discipline of this child?
A) Children at this age are incapable of delaying gratification.
B) At age 5 years, children are not interested in attaining rights and privileges of individuality.
C) Five-year-olds should demonstrate basic social skills and respond to others' expectations.
D) At age 5 years, children use highly inappropriate methods of expressing frustration.
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Chapter 19: Assessment of the Infant, Child, and Adolescent
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Sample Questions
Q1) While examining the genitalia of a 6-year-old girl, a nurse notices which finding as expected?
A) Clear mucoid vaginal discharge
B) Prepuce and clitoris are prominent.
C) Flat labia majora with thin labia minora
D) Sparse pubic hair over the inner thighs
Q2) How does a nurse collect baseline measurements of a 6-month-old infant?
A) Measure the chest circumference around the lower ribs.
B) Ask the parent how much the infant's weight has changed since birth.
C) Measure the head just above the ears and eyebrows.
D) Ask the parent to hold the infant while the nurse measures the length.
Q3) What finding does a nurse expect when assessing a 1-month-old's eyes and vision?
A) The newborn distinguishes most colors
B) Tears when the newborn cries
C) The newborn following a bright toy or light
D) The newborn's blink reflex is present
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Chapter 20: Assessment of the Pregnant Patient
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Sample Questions
Q1) A nurse documents as abnormal which finding of a pregnant patient?
A) Facial swelling in a woman who is 20 weeks pregnant
B) 1+ pitting ankle edema in a woman who is 26 weeks pregnant
C) Pinkish-red blotches of the hands in a woman at 32 weeks gestation
D) Blotchy, brownish pigmentation of the face in a woman at 36 weeks gestation
Q2) A pregnant woman who drinks alcoholic beverages while pregnant increases the risk for which disorder?
A) Low infant birth weight
B) Birth defects
C) Abruptio placentae
D) Gestational diabetes mellitus
Q3) A pregnant patient's weight before pregnancy was 148 lb. Her expected weight during the first trimester is ______ to ______ lb.
Q4) The nurse correlates which clinical manifestation with the diagnosis of polyhydramnios?
A) Difficulty palpating fetal parts
B) Increased fetal movement
C) Weight gain of less than estimated by gestational age
D) Increase of 2 cm in fundal height in 1 week
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Chapter 21: Assessment of the Older Adult
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Sample Questions
Q1) What risk factors for falls does a nurse teach a group of older adults? (Select all that apply.)
A) Being a woman
B) Taking more than six medications
C) Having hypertension
D) Having cataracts
E) Muscle strength 3/5 bilaterally in lower extremities
F) Incontinence
Q2) What finding does a nurse look for when assessing the skin of an older adult with solar lentigo?
A) Yellowish, thin papules with a central depression
B) Pigmented, raised, wartlike lesions on the face or trunk
C) Small, soft, pigmented tags of skin on the face and neck
D) Irregular, flat, deeply pigmented macules on sun-exposed areas
Q3) The nurse notes which finding as expected during a history and examination of an older adult patient's abdomen?
A) Hyperactive bowel sounds in all quadrants
B) Decreased fatty deposits over the abdomen
C) Marked concavity of the abdominal contour
D) Soft abdomen on palpation in all quadrants
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Chapter 22: Conducting a Head-to-Toe Examination
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which techniques does a nurse routinely use to collect data when assessing the lower extremities of a patient? (Select all that apply.)
A) Inspecting of legs, ankles, and feet for skin characteristics and hair distribution
B) Assessing for knee stability with the drawer test, McMurray test, or Apley test
C) Palpating lower legs and feet for temperature, pulses, and tenderness
D) Assessing for nerve root compression with straight leg raises
E) Palpating hips for stability and tenderness
F) Testing for patellar and Achilles deep tendon reflexes bilaterally
Q2) Which assessments are routine examination techniques of the upper extremities?
A) Palpating the epitrochlear lymph nodes for size and tenderness
B) Palpating the arms for skin characteristics, symmetry, tenderness, and deformities
C) Testing the range of motion and muscle strength comparing one arm with the other
D) Testing triceps, biceps, and brachioradialis deep tendon reflexes bilaterally
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24
Chapter 23: Documenting the Comprehensive Health Assessment
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Sample Questions
Q1) What data do nurses document under the category general survey?
A) Mental health
B) Functional ability
C) Diet and nutrition
D) Orientation
Q2) Which data do nurses document under the category of personal and psychosocial health history? (Select all that apply.)
A) Allergies to medications or food
B) Diet and foods eaten on a regular basis
C) Type of employment
D) Address and date of birth
E) Activities that promote health
F) Use of tobacco and alcohol
Q3) Which data do nurses document under the category of past health history?
A) Chronic diseases
B) Immunizations received
C) Allergies to medications or food
D) Causes of death of the patient's parents
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Chapter 24: Adapting Health Assessment to the Hospitalized Patient
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which patient using respiratory equipment requires skin assessment? (Select all that apply.)
A) A patient using a nasal cannula
B) A patient with a tracheostomy
C) A patient using an incentive spirometer
D) A patient using a Ventimask
E) A patient with an IV
Q2) For which patient does the nurse make assessment of the oral mucous membrane a priority?
A) The patient who has an arteriovenous (AV) fistula
B) The patient who has a gastrostomy tube
C) The patient who uses a Ventimask
D) The patient who has a colostomy
Q3) How does a nurse assess perfusion to the foot when a patient has a cast from the left middle calf to the toes?
A) Palpate the popliteal pulse of the left leg.
B) Palpate the posterior tibial pulse of the left leg.
C) Assess movement and sensation of the left toes.
D) Assess the capillary refill of the left toes.
Page 26
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