Fundamentals of Nursing Final Exam
Course Introduction
Fundamentals of Nursing introduces students to the essential concepts, skills, and roles of the professional nurse. The course covers foundational topics such as health assessment, patient safety, infection control, basic nursing procedures, and effective communication within the healthcare team. Students learn about ethical and legal responsibilities, cultural competence, and therapeutic relationships while developing critical thinking and problem-solving skills. Through classroom instruction, simulations, and supervised clinical experiences, students gain the knowledge and practical abilities necessary to provide holistic, patient-centered care across diverse healthcare settings.
Recommended Textbook
Success in Practical Vocational Nursing 7th Edition by Signe S. Hill
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615 Verified Questions
615 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: The Adult Learner: Hints to Succeed
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which student expectation of an instructor is reasonable?
A) The instructor will help resolve the student's personal problems.
B) The instructor will motivate the student to improve grades.
C) The instructor will seek out students to review examinations.
D) The instructor will provide academic counseling.
Answer: D
Q2) A student enrolled in an LPN/LVN program states, "I'm fresh out of high school and living alone for the first time in my life. I'm having to learn how to take care of myself as well as learning to care for my patients." This statement identifies the student as
A) a traditional adult learner.
B) a returning student.
C) a recycled adult learner.
D) someone in need of counseling.
Answer: A
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3
Chapter 2: Time Management: Making Time Work for You
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Sample Questions
Q1) A strategy to promote achievement of long-term goals is
A) striving to complete the entire goal at one time.
B) eliminating any undesirable elements of the goal.
C) jumping right in at any point that is appealing.
D) creating a series of related short-term goals.
Answer: D
Q2) A nurse states, "I enjoy writing my 'to do' list daily." From this statement one can conclude that this strategy appeals to the student's
A) creative mind.
B) ethical mind.
C) right cerebral hemisphere.
D) left cerebral hemisphere.
Answer: D
Q3) Using a schedule allows a nursing student to A) develop inflexibility.
B) increase anxiety related to deadlines.
C) allocate adequate study time.
D) find time to do everything.
Answer: C
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Learning Methods and Skills: How Do You Learn
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Sample Questions
Q1) A characteristic of the right hemisphere of the cerebrum includes A) produces robotlike speech.
B) processes in sequence.
C) adds tone and inflection to the voice.
D) breaks down new information into segments.
Answer: C
Q2) A person who learns best by using an organized method that involves categorizing, classifying, and working with abstract patterns and relationships is known as what type of learner?
A) Spatial learner
B) Musical learner
C) Linguistic learner
D) Logical/mathematical learner
Answer: D
Q3) A student nurse is a linguistic learner. The student would learn best by A) moving around when studying.
B) taking notes when reading assigned chapters.
C) organizing a method of study that fits him or her personally.
D) making his or her own diagrams, boxes, or lists when they are unavailable.
Answer: B
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Chapter 4: Using Your Methods and Skills: Studying and Testing
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Sample Questions
Q1) At what level of information processing must LPN/LVNs function in order to pass the NCLEX-PN examination and meet employer expectations?
A) Knowing and being able to repeat facts
B) Understanding the meaning of material and being able to apply it in new situations
C) Grasping information and being able to analyze advanced concepts
D) Questioning the validity of all information and being able to synthesize material
Q2) A nursing student who is receiving poor grades states, "I am experiencing difficulty due to lack of time to devote to school." The additional factor that should be explored is lack of
A) aptitude.
B) interest.
C) motivation.
D) study skills.
Q3) A nursing student spends lecture time doodling and staring out the window while thinking about what to cook for dinner. This student can best be described as a/an ____________________ listener.
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Chapter 5: Learning During School: Using Available Resources
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Q1) Which statement is true about the usefulness of audiovisual materials and computer-assisted instruction in a nursing course?
A) They can be omitted, because they add little to student learning.
B) It is unnecessary to take notes on their content.
C) They provide multisensory channels for learning content.
D) Their content cannot be used by instructors for examination questions.
Q2) A nursing student states, "My grades aren't what I'd like. I don't know whether to use a study group or ask for tutoring." Which statement is true for both study groups and tutoring?
A) Leaders/tutors derive more benefit than other participants.
B) They are most helpful to students with learning disabilities.
C) They provide low benefits when compared with the amount of time spent.
D) Active participation by the student is critical to success in raising grades.
Q3) When a nursing student needs a journal article from a periodical that is not available in the holdings of the learning resource center, the student should
A) try to find a substitute article.
B) request an interlibrary loan.
C) go to the stacks and look again.
D) check the vertical file.
Page 7
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Chapter 6: Personal Health Promotion: a Role Model for Patients
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Sample Questions
Q1) The nurse in the workplace has little opportunity to receive positive feedback from peers or supervisors. What can be substituted?
A) A revisit from a former nursing instructor
B) Self-evaluation
C) Seeking compliments from the patient
D) An alcoholic beverage after work
Q2) During report, the LPN/LVN relates that although her assigned patient was ambulatory, she provided a bed bath, special foot care, and nail care; she justified the care by saying that the patient seemed very tired. The nurse also mentioned that the patient had a number of personal problems for which she provided counseling. The charge nurse recognizes these behaviors as suggesting
A) conscientious nursing.
B) empathetic response.
C) conflict avoidance.
D) co-dependence.
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Chapter 7: How Practicalvocational Nursing Evolved: 1836 to Present
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Sample Questions
Q1) The outcome that can be predicted for the latest nurse education proposal is that
A) LPN/LVN education will be extended to 2 years.
B) LPN/LVN licensure will be abandoned.
C) the LPN/LVN will be the lower level for entry into practice.
D) the outcome cannot be determined at this time.
Q2) When was the first U.S. school of practical nursing founded?
A) 1830
B) 1853
C) 1892
D) 1902
Q3) The first chapter of the American Red Cross was established by
A) Clara Barton.
B) Sairy Gamp.
C) Dorothea Lynde Dix.
D) Florence Nightingale.
Q4) After licensing, the LPN/LVN is permitted to perform complex nursing skills as delegated by the registered nurse (RN) and allowed by the
Page 9
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Chapter 8: Critical Thinking: a Lifelong Journey
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Sample Questions
Q1) During morning report, the nursing student receives a description of the assigned patient's current problems. When the student determines the priority nursing intervention, she is processing information at the cognitive level known as A) knowledge.
B) comprehension.
C) application.
D) analysis.
Q2) A nurse is performing routine vital signs on patients. The nurse has obtained vital signs many times before and is able to do so without much conscious thought. This is an example of
A) directed thinking.
B) negative thinking.
C) ruminative thinking.
D) nonfocused thinking.
Q3) Which remark by a nurse demonstrates the use of critical thinking?
A) "I just let my thoughts flow."
B) "My mind is made up. Why listen further?"
C) "I play and replay a situation, like using instant replay."
D) "I think about what other information I need before proceeding."
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Page 10
Chapter 9: Nursing Process: Your Role
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Q1) During the assessment phase of the nursing process, the LPN/LVN is expected to A) establish goals and outcome criteria.
B) collect data about the patient.
C) determine whether established goals have been met.
D) plan interventions to implement for the patient.
Q2) A student nurse asks, "If RNs use a five-step nursing process and LPN/LVNs use a four-step process, what phase is missing?" The best response would be, "The phase of the nursing process that is the sole responsibility of the registered nurse is A) assessment."
B) nursing diagnosis."
C) planning."
D) implementation."
E) evaluation."
Q3) An LPN/LVN demonstrates to a new mother how to safely bathe her infant. This is an example of the phase of the nursing process called A) assessment.
B) nursing diagnosis.
C) planning.
D) implementation.
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Page 11
Chapter 10: Nursing Theory, Research, and Evidence-Based Practice
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Sample Questions
Q1) Quantitative research studies are considered
A) subjective studies.
B) grounded theory studies.
C) objective studies.
D) phenomenological studies.
Q2) In 2010, the _____________________________________ established competencies for nursing graduates at all levels.
Q3) The health belief theory was developed by
A) Leininger.
B) Watson.
C) Rosenstock.
D) Orem.
Q4) In regard to research and evidence-based practice, the National League of Nursing (NLN) expects nurses at the master's level to do which of the following? (Select all that apply.)
A) Design research studies
B) Publish research finding
C) Formulate research questions
D) Evaluate the effect of evidence-based solutions on nursing problems
E) Implement research studies
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Chapter 11: Ethics Applied to Nursing: Personal Vs Professional Ethics
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Sample Questions
Q1) The patient asks the nurse what he should do about continuing cancer treatment. The nurse responds, "You should stop before you get so weak you can't enjoy a few good weeks with your family." This is an example of
A) fidelity.
B) beneficence.
C) nonmaleficence.
D) beneficent paternalism.
Q2) Which situation can be identified as abandonment of patients by the nurse?
A) Calling in sick
B) Floating to a unit after a 2-day orientation to the unit
C) Starting to care for patients on wing A and being reassigned to wing B
D) Going off duty without giving report rather than care for patients on an unfamiliar unit
Q3) The nurse providing care for patients or residents must act on the knowledge that a basic right of a patient or a resident is to receive
A) considerate and respectful care from all care providers.
B) information about the diagnosis and prognosis from the practical nurse.
C) the medical care of their choice, regardless of their ability to pay.
D) any food requested and in as large a quantity as desired.
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Chapter 12: Nursing and the Law: What Are the Rules
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Sample Questions
Q1) Nurse A is assigned to care for a patient with diabetes who is being regulated on new types of insulin. The patient performs most of her own care and rarely uses the call bell to summon the nurse. The nurse knows this and leaves the patient unobserved most of the shift. Just before change of shift report, the aide reports that she cannot rouse the patient. The patient enters a vegetative state as the result of brain damage related to severe hypoglycemia. Which, if any, of the four elements needed to prove malpractice are present? (Select all that apply.)
A) Duty
B) Breach of duty
C) Damages
D) Proximate cause
E) No elements are present
Q2) When documenting patient behavior, the LPN/LVN should
A) record subjective interpretations of patient behavior.
B) avoid mentioning communicating with supervisors to report changes in condition.
C) record all interventions performed and patient instruction given.
D) use Wite-Out to erase errors in documentation.
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Chapter 13: Straightforward Communication: Instructors,
Coworkers, and Patients
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Sample Questions
Q1) A nurse does not make eye contact when talking with others. What are possible explanations for this behavior? (Select all that apply.)
A) The nurse is self-conscious and nervous.
B) The nurse has low self-worth.
C) The nurse's behavior is culturally determined.
D) The hospital forbids eye contact.
Q2) A patient states, "I don't want to die from cancer." The nurse responds, "I heard you say you don't want to die from cancer." The nurse's response is an example of which active listening behavior?
A) Silence
B) Validation
C) Summarizing
D) Minimal encouraging
Q3) Two-way communication differs from one-way communication, because with one-way communication
A) the impact is positive.
B) the receiver contributes as much as the sender.
C) no feedback is expected.
D) body language does not affect the receiver.
Page 15
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Chapter 14: Assertiveness: Your Responsibility
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Sample Questions
Q1) The nurse is assigned to park in a newly created parking lot that is far from the hospital building. Some of the lights in the new parking lot have not been installed. As the nurse is about to leave, she notices several young men loitering near the walkway she must take. The nurse should
A) take a deep breath and walk rapidly toward the parking lot.
B) try to use friendliness by greeting the young men as she passes them.
C) wait inside the hospital until the young men leave.
D) call for a security guard to serve as an escort to the car.
Q2) A nurse demonstrates assertive behavior by doing which of the following?
A) Limiting contact with a patient who is dying, because it causes the nurse to feel depressed
B) Routinely telling patients who have questions about their medications to ask the physician
C) When asked about something unfamiliar, admitting to not knowing but agreeing to find out
D) Telling another nurse how ridiculous a doctor is for ordering hourly vital sign assessments
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Page 16
Chapter 15: The Health Care Team: Where the
Practicalvocational Nurse Fits in
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Q1) The role of the LPN/LVN can best be described as which of the following?
A) Initiates all health teaching
B) Works in an independent role
C) Initiates all phases of the nursing process
D) Assists with all phases of the nursing process
Q2) Which member of the health care team is responsible for initially teaching a patient about medication side effects?
A) Registered nurse
B) LPN/LVN
C) Occupational therapist
D) Patient care technician
Q3) Which care delivery method has the greatest potential for fragmenting patient care?
A) Primary nursing
B) Case method
C) Functional method
D) Patient-focused care
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Page 17
Chapter 16: Cultural Uniqueness, Sensitivity, and Competence
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which statement by a nurse demonstrates cultural competence?
A) "Without knowledge of cultural diversity, misunderstandings arise between patient and nurse."
B) "Nurses who assume care for persons of different cultures need to assume those beliefs as their own in order to give good care."
C) "Women of most cultures have adopted assertive communication."
D) "Traditional healing practices should not be combined with Western medicine to treat a patient."
Q2) A nursing instructor is working with a Native-American student nurse. When the student is late for the first clinical day, the instructor states, "I'm not surprised she's late; Native-American students are always late." The instructor's statement is an example of A) prejudice.
B) stereotyping.
C) ethnocentrism.
D) discrimination.
Q3) The process of giving up parts of one's own culture and adopting parts of the culture of the dominant group is called ____________________.
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Page 18
Chapter 17: Spiritual Needs, Spiritual Caring, and Religious Differences
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Sample Questions
Q1) A nurse is caring for a patient who follows teachings from a holy book called the Koran. The nurse understands that this patient practices what religion?
A) Hindu
B) Islam
C) Quaker
D) Buddhism
Q2) The LPN/LVN is providing care to a patient of the Roman Catholic (Western) faith. Necessary knowledge regarding beliefs, practices, and nursing interventions for care of this patient would include which of the following? (Select all that apply.)
A) Medicine cannot be taken before communion.
B) The nurse may baptize a stillborn infant without a witness.
C) Cremation is prohibited.
D) Organ donation is allowed.
E) Water may be taken before communion.
Q3) For which patient should the nurse be most alert for emerging spiritual needs?
A) Miss A, who has been given the diagnosis of gallbladder disease
B) Mrs. B, who has been told she has metastatic cancer
C) Mr. C, who has varicose veins
D) Mr. D, who has herpes zoster
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Chapter 18: Health Care Settings: Potential Job Sites
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Sample Questions
Q1) A patient tells the nurse, "I was treated for an asthma attack at a freestanding ambulatory services center." The nurse correctly identifies the treatment as taking place at a/an
A) urgent care center.
B) domiciliary residence.
C) intermediate care facility.
D) fitness club.
Q2) A nurse is asked, "What does it mean if a health care agency is described as 'proprietary'?" The nurse should respond
A) "It operates by government mandate."
B) "It is funded by local tax money and government subsidies."
C) "It operates for profit."
D) "It utilizes a large number of volunteers."
Q3) Accountability of private health care agencies is assumed by the A) taxpayer.
B) government.
C) owners of the agency.
D) board of directors of the agency.
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Chapter 19: Health Care System: Financing, Issues, and Trends
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Sample Questions
Q1) A 70-year-old patient tells the nurse, "I can't go to the hospital for treatment, because I have no hospital insurance. My Social Security and my pension pay my living expenses, but I don't have any savings." The nurse's response should be focused on
A) providing information about Medicare.
B) explaining the provisions of Medicaid.
C) exploring the patient's ability to purchase group health insurance.
D) investigating which hospitals provide free care for indigent patients.
Q2) A patient tells the nurse, "I didn't sign up for health care insurance at my job because I'm young and healthy and can use the money in other ways." The response that best explains the advantage of health insurance would be, "With insurance
A) a fiscal middleman pays your health care bills."
B) your individual contributions go directly to paying your personal expenses."
C) you can borrow money for unexpected health care expenses at a very low interest rate."
D) you are spreading the risk in case you have a serious health event, such as cancer or major trauma."
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Page 21
Chapter 20: Leadership Skills
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Sample Questions
Q1) A people-oriented leadership style that focuses on people's feelings but ignores the task at hand and allows people to act without any direction is the
A) autocratic style.
B) situational style.
C) democratic style.
D) laissez-faire style.
Q2) In which situation would the LPN/LVN charge nurse be in violation of OBRA provisions?
A) Letting the unit secretary, who has completed 30 hours of instruction in a CNA program, bathe and ambulate a resident
B) Allowing a son to feed his father, who is a resident on the unit
C) Scheduling a nursing assistant to attend a 2-hour in-service training session
D) Notifying the RN supervisor that a nursing assistant needs additional training in administration of tap water enemas
Q3) LPN/LVNs functioning in an expanded role are most often employed in
A) critical care units.
B) pediatric clinics.
C) home health care.
D) long-term care.
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Page 22
Chapter 21: Lpnlvn Charge Nurse Skills: Management,
Including Assignment and Delegation
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Q1) When a resident's family complains that their mother is receiving inferior care in the extended care facility, which action should the LPN/LVN charge nurse initially take?
A) Gently explain that Continuous Quality Improvement (CQI) would not permit giving inferior care.
B) Mention that the staff is overworked and would be glad for the family's assistance.
C) Ask the family to be specific and give examples of "inferior care" the mother has received.
D) Tell the family that their reaction is based on guilt because of their need to place their mother in an extended care facility.
Q2) Which duty would exceed the LPN/LVN scope of practice if included in the job description for an LPN/LVN charge nurse?
A) Assigning patient care
B) Independently developing written treatment protocols
C) Assisting physicians in diagnostic and therapeutic measures
D) Maintaining a safe and hazard-free environment
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Page 23
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following individuals is most likely to provide the most authoritative, positive reference for a student nurse who is beginning to search for postgraduation employment?
A) Instructor A, who has provided positive feedback during clinical labs
B) Program director B, who is familiar with the student nurse's academic record
C) Nurse C, who is the student nurse's acquaintance at the health club
D) Student nurse D, who is a peer enrolled in the same nursing program
Q2) What should the nurse do when applying for a position for which he or she is underqualified?
A) Exaggerate qualifications when applying and being interviewed.
B) Emphasize knowing the basics and express willingness to learn via in-services and continuing education.
C) Try to impress the interviewer with strengths and gloss over or avoid the topic of specific qualifications.
D) Mention having connections in high places who believe the applicant would perform well in the position.
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Chapter 23: The Nclex-Pn Examination
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Q1) The content of the NCLEX-PN examination is divided into four Client Needs categories. The Physiological Integrity category includes
A) newborn care.
B) stress management.
C) medical emergencies.
D) accident/error prevention.
Q2) The practical/vocational nursing student tells a colleague, "I know I'm going to fail the NCLEX-PN examination. I've heard that a huge amount of the examination is psychology related, and I hated psychology!" The reply that shows the best understanding of the NCLEX-PN examination is
A) "You'd better retake the psychology course."
B) "There are equal numbers of questions related to each aspect of patient needs."
C) "Psychosocial integrity is the basis for 8% to 14% of the questions."
D) "I've heard there's more emphasis on care planning than anything else."
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Chapter 24: Future Career Decisions: Choosing What Is
Right for You
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Q1) Which statement explains a major deterrent to setting up LPN/LVN-to-RN programs?
A) There is a lack of interest by LPN/LVNs in becoming RNs.
B) There is a belief that practical/vocational nurse courses are inferior (or not sufficient) and must be repeated at the collegiate level.
C) The abundance of RNs in recent years has crowded the field and created an LPN/LVN job shortage.
D) Practical/vocational nurse programs have increased curriculum content to make it possible for graduates to function in RN roles.
Q2) In which areas may LPN/LVNs obtain certification? (Select all that apply.)
A) Managed care
B) Pharmacology
C) Long-term care
D) Mental health care
E) IV therapy
F) Wound care
G) Neonatal care
Q3) The area of nursing in which churches employ their own nurse to take care of basic health needs of the congregation is called __________________ nursing.
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