Fundamentals of Nursing Exam Materials
Course Introduction
Fundamentals of Nursing introduces students to the essential concepts, skills, and values necessary for professional nursing practice. This course covers the foundational principles of patient care, including health assessment, basic clinical techniques, communication, safety, infection control, and documentation. Through a combination of theoretical instruction and hands-on practice, students learn to provide holistic, evidence-based care to individuals across the lifespan. Emphasis is placed on the nursing process, critical thinking, ethical considerations, and the development of professional behavior required for success in diverse healthcare environments.
Recommended Textbook Fundamentals of Nursing 8th Edition by Taylor
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45 Chapters
1562 Verified Questions
1562 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Introduction to Nursing
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following nursing pioneers established the Red Cross in the United States in 1882?
A) Florence Nightingale
B) Clara Barton
C) Dorothea Dix
D) Jane Addams
Answer: B
Q2) A student has completed a nursing program accredited by the Commission on Collegiate Nursing Education. Which of the following is true about the organization?
A) It fosters continued improvement in nursing education programs.
B) Accreditation is by governmental peer review process.
C) It ensures the quality and integrity of diploma nursing programs.
D) It uses state-recognized standards to evaluate the programs.
Answer: A
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Chapter 2: Theory, Research, and Evidence-Based Practice
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following are characteristics of nursing theories? Select all that apply.
A) They provide rational reasons for nursing interventions.
B) They are based on descriptions of what nursing should be.
C) They provide a knowledge base for appropriate nursing responses.
D) They provide a base for discussion of nursing issues.
E) They help resolve current nursing issues and establish trends.
Answer: A, C, D, E
Q2) A nursing instructor would like to study the effect peer tutoring has on student success. What is the independent variable?
A) Nursing student
B) Nursing education
C) Peer tutoring
D) Student success
Answer: C
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Chapter 3: Health, Illness, and Disparities
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Sample Questions
Q1) What phrase best describes health?
A) Individually defined by each person
B) Experienced by each person in exactly the same way
C) The opposite of illness
D) The absence of disease
Answer: A
Q2) Which of the following statements accurately describes the concepts of disease and illness?
A) A disease is traditionally diagnosed and treated by a nurse.
B) The focus of nurses is the person with an illness.
C) A person with an illness cannot be considered healthy.
D) Illness is a normal process that affects level of functioning.
Answer: B
Q3) A nurse calls in to his unit to report he has the flu and will not be at work. What stage of illness behavior is he exhibiting?
A) Experiencing symptoms
B) Assuming the sick role
C) Assuming a dependent role
D) Achieving recovery and rehabilitation
Answer: B
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Chapter 4: Health of the Individual, Family, and Community
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Sample Questions
Q1) A boy age 2 years arrives at the emergency department of a local hospital with difficulty breathing from an asthmatic attack. Which of the following would be the priority nursing intervention?
A) Giving him his favorite stuffed animal to hold
B) Assessing respirations and administering oxygen
C) Raising the side rails and restraining his arms
D) Asking his mother what are his favorite foods
Q2) Which of the following groups involves all parts of a person's life and is concerned with meeting basic human needs to promote health?
A) Peers
B) Family
C) Community
D) Health care providers
Q3) An woman 80 years of age states, "I have successfully raised my family and had a good life." This statement illustrates meeting which basic human need?
A) Safety and security
B) Love and belonging
C) Self-esteem
D) Self-actualization
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Page 6
Chapter 5: Cultural Diversity
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Sample Questions
Q1) All of the following are factors to consider when caring for clients with limited income. Which one is the most important?
A) Basic human needs may go unmet
B) Limited access to reliable transportation
C) Decreased access to health care services
D) Risk for increased incidence of disease
Q2) When a labor and delivery nurse tells a coworker that an Asian client probably did not want any pain medication because "Asian women typically are stoic," the nurse is expressing a belief known as what?
A) Stigma
B) Ethnic slur
C) Bias
D) Stereotype
Q3) When providing nursing care to an African American individual, which of the following cultural factors should the nurse consider?
A) Values and beliefs are often present oriented.
B) Families are usually patriarchal.
C) They possess weak religious affiliations.
D) Families are highly competitive.
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Page 7
Chapter 6: Values, Ethics, and Advocacy
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Sample Questions
Q1) A mother always thanks clerks at the grocery store. Her daughter age 6 years echoes her thank you. The child is demonstrating what mode of value transmission?
A) Modeling
B) Moralizing
C) Reward and punishment
D) Responsible choice
Q2) A client who is scheduled to have surgery for a hernia the next day is anxious about the whole procedure. The nurse assures the client that surgery for hernias is very common and that the prognosis is very good. What skills of the nurse are reflected here?
A) Imaginal skills
B) Interpersonal skills
C) Instrumental skills
D) Systems skill
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8
Chapter 7: Legal Dimensions of Nursing Practice
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Sample Questions
Q1) A nurse moves from Ohio to Missouri. Where can a copy of the Nurse Practice Act in Missouri be obtained?
A) Ohio State Board of Nursing
B) Missouri State Board of Nursing
C) Federal government nursing guidelines
D) National League for Nursing
Q2) Which of the following is the most frequent reason for revocation or suspension of a nurse's license?
A) Fraud
B) Mental impairment
C) Alcohol or drug abuse
D) Criminal acts
Q3) When the nurse inserts an ordered urinary catheter into the client's urethra after the client has refused the procedure, and then the client suffers an injury, the client may sue the nurse for which type of tort?
A) Battery
B) Assault
C) Invasion of privacy
D) Dereliction of duty
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Page 9
Chapter 8: The Health Care Delivery System
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Q1) Which of the following is true of long-term care facilities?
A) They provide care only to older adults.
B) They provide care for homeless adults.
C) They provide care to people of any age.
D) They provide care only for people with dementia.
Q2) The U.S. system of health care is based on an ability to pay for care, which leaves millions of people uninsured or underinsured, with inadequate access to health care. Nurses are often presented with ethical dilemmas when caring for patients and families. Which of the following is an example of an ethical dilemma? Select all that apply.
A) All clients are entitled to care, whether they can pay or not, because health care is a right.
B) You may have to pay higher insurance premiums to cover the cost of care because you smoke.
C) There are free clinics and health programs to serve the poor; they should receive health care there.
D) Should the uninsured person, who cannot pay for health care, receive the same care and services as someone who works and pays for insurance?
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Page 10
Chapter 9: Care Coordination and Continuity
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following are examples of nursing actions performed in the entry phase of the home visit? Select all that apply.
A) Developing rapport
B) Making assessments
C) Evaluating safety issues
D) Gathering supplies
E) Collecting client information
Q2) Which of the following is recommended to ensure safety for the home health care nurse?
A) Traveling with another nurse
B) Carrying a cell phone
C) Talking to family members
D) Refusing assignments
Q3) What must a nurse do before altering the arrangement of furniture in the home to facilitate care?
A) Nothing; the nurse may move the furniture if needed.
B) Document the need to move the furniture.
C) Tell the client that the furniture has to be moved.
D) Ask the client's permission to move the furniture.
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Page 11
Chapter 10: Blended Competencies
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Sample Questions
Q1) A nurse interviews a pregnant teenager and documents her answers on the client record. At the same time, the nurse responds to the client's concerns and makes a referral for counseling and maternity care. This scenario is an example of which of the descriptors of the nursing process?
A) Systematic
B) Dynamic
C) Outcome oriented
D) Universally applicable
Q2) A nurse asks a multidisciplinary team to collaborate in developing the most appropriate plan of care to meet the needs of an adolescent with a severe head injury. Which of the blended skills essential to nursing practice is the nurse using?
A) Cognitive skills
B) Interpersonal skills
C) Technical skills
D) Ethical/legal skills
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Chapter 11: Assessing
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Sample Questions
Q1) A nurse is preparing to conduct a health history for a client who is confined to bed. How should the nurse position herself?
A) Standing at the end of the bed
B) Standing at the side of the bed
C) Sitting at least six feet from the beside
D) sitting at a 45-degree angle to the bed
Q2) When the nurse inspects a postoperative incision site for infection, which one of the following types of assessments is being performed?
A) Complete
B) Focused
C) General
D) Time-lapse
Q3) A nurse caring for a client admitted to the intensive care unit with a stroke assesses the client's vital signs, pupils, and orientation every few minutes. The nurse is performing which type of assessment?
A) Initial assessment
B) Focused assessment
C) Time-lapsed reassessment
D) Emergency assessment
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Page 13
Chapter 12: Diagnosing
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Sample Questions
Q1) A student identifies Fatigue as a health problem and nursing diagnosis for a client receiving home care for treatment of metastatic cancer. What statement or question would be best to validate this client problem?
A) "I have assessed you and find you are fatigued."
B) "I analyzed and interpreted your information as fatigue."
C) "Why are you so tired all the time?"
D) "I think fatigue is a problem for you. Do you agree?"
Q2) Which of the following reflects the diagnosis phase?
A) The nurse identifies that the client does not tolerate activity.
B) The nurse performs wound care using sterile technique.
C) The nurse sets a tolerable pain rating with the client.
D) The nurse documents the client's response to pain medication.
Q3) In addition to identifying responses to actual or potential health problems, what is another purpose of the diagnosing step in the nursing process?
A) To collect information about subjective and objective data
B) To correlate nursing and medical diagnostic criteria
C) To identify etiologies of health problems
D) To evaluate mutually developed expected outcomes
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Chapter 13: Outcome Identification and Planning
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Sample Questions
Q1) The nursing diagnosis Impaired Gas Exchange, prioritized by Maslow's hierarchy of basic human needs, is appropriate for what level of needs?
A) Physiologic
B) Safety
C) Love and belonging
D) Self-actualization
Q2) What common problem is related to outcome identification and planning?
A) Failing to involve the client in the planning process
B) Collecting sufficient data to establish a database
C) Stating specific and measurable outcomes based on nursing diagnoses
D) Writing nursing orders that are clear and resolve the problem
Q3) A nurse is developing outcomes for a specific problem statement. What is one of the most important considerations the nurse should have?
A) The written outcomes are designed to meet nursing goals
B) To encourage the client and family to be involved
C) To discourage additions by other healthcare providers
D) Why the nurse believes the outcome is important
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15
Chapter 14: Implementing
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Sample Questions
Q1) The nurse is caring for a client with a diagnosis of colon disease. The client has expressed to various members of the health care team the desire to be kept comfortable and to not continue further treatment. The client asks the nurse to be present when the client discusses the decision with other family members. In which professional nursing relationship is the nurse participating?
A) Nurse-client
B) Nurse-nurse
C) Nurse-client-family
D) Nurse-health care team
Q2) The nurse is caring for a client with a diagnosis of end-stage renal disease. The client has expressed the desire to be kept comfortable and to not continue further treatment. The daughter arrives from out of town and is demanding to have further testing done to determine the best treatment option for the client. What is the best action for the nurse to take at this time?
A) Explain to the daughter the wishes of the client.
B) Arrange a meeting between the physician and daughter.
C) Contact the imaging center to schedule the testing.
D) Persuade the client to agree to the daughter's request.
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Chapter 15: Evaluating
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Sample Questions
Q1) The client reports participating in water aerobics for 60 minutes three times each week. This is an example of what type of outcome?
A) Affective outcome
B) Psychomotor outcome
C) Physiologic outcome
D) Cognitive outcome
Q2) A nurse forgets to raise the bed railings of a client who is confused after taking pain medications. The client attempts to get out of bed, and suffers a minor fall. The nurse asks a colleague who witnessed the fall not to mention it to anyone because the client only had minor bruises. What would be the appropriate action of the colleague?
A) No other steps need to be taken, since the client was not seriously injured.
B) The colleague should inform the nurse that a full report of the incident needs to be made.
C) The colleague should monitor the client closely for any adverse effects of the fall.
D) The colleague should report the incident in a peer review of the nurse.
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Chapter 16: Documenting, Reporting, Conferring, and Using Informatics
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Sample Questions
Q1) A client complains to the nurse-in-charge about another nurse on night shift. The client says that he kept calling the nurse but she never responded. Further, when he questioned the nurse, she said that she had other patients to take care of. The nurse-in-charge is aware that the client can be very demanding. What is an appropriate response for the nurse?
A) "I am sorry that you had to suffer this way. The nurse on night duty should be fired."
B) "It's hard to be in bed and ask for help. You ring for a nurse who never seems to help."
C) "You seem to be impatient. The nurses work very hard and they do whatever they can."
D) "I can see that you are angry. What the nurse did is wrong, and it won't happen again."
Q2) A nurse at a health care facility has just reported for duty. Which of the following should the nurse do to ensure maximum efficiency of change-of-shift reports?
A) Pay courtesy calls to staff members before attending the meeting.
B) Wait for the physicians to arrive before exchanging notes.
C) Avoid asking questions related to the medical record.
D) Come prepared with material required to take notes.
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Chapter 17: Developmental Concepts
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Sample Questions
Q1) The nurse is working in the newborn nursery and observes neonates in various states of health and wellness. The nurse is aware that which of the following factors can affect fetal development? Choose all that apply.
A) Age of mother
B) Prenatal nutrition
C) Substance abuse by mother
D) Congenital vision deficit
E) Poor neonatal nutrition
Q2) A mother brings her toddler, age 20 months, to the clinic today for immunizations. She talks about trying to initiate toilet training a few weeks ago, but her son wasn't interested. She decided to put it off for awhile. She told her son he was a good boy and they would try again another time. According to Erik Erikson's theory, what is the likely outcome for Matt's developmental stage?
A) Autonomy
B) Identity
C) Intimacy
D) Initiative
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Chapter 18: Conception Through Young Adult
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Q1) A nurse is observing a group of toddlers at play. What behavior illustrates normal physiologic development in children of this age?
A) Attempting to feed self
B) Using fingers to pick up small objects
C) Throwing and catching a ball
D) Understanding the feelings of others
Q2) A nurse is teaching the care of the newborn class and one of the members makes a comment about keeping the baby too warm. She says, My mother always said to go by how I feel; if I'm cold, the baby needs more clothing and if I'm too warm, so is the baby."
Which of the following is the nurse's best response?
A) That is correct; you should go by how warm you are feeling.
B) Always keep the baby bundled up to keep warm.
C) The baby's temperature responds quickly to the environmental temperature.
D) If the baby shivers, add more layers of clothing.
Q3) Which of the following sets of terms best characterizes the school-aged child?
A) Reflexes, alert state, temperament
B) Negativism, regression, anal stage
C) Preoperational, asking "why," fears
D) Doing, succeeding, accomplishing
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Page 20
Chapter 19: The Aging Adult
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Sample Questions
Q1) A nurse says to an older adult who is being cared for at home, "Tell me what your life was like when you were first married." What does this statement encourage the client to do?
A) Explain why he or she has certain emotions
B) Become more introspective and self-focused
C) Practice life review or reminiscence
D) Look backward with regret for undone tasks
Q2) According to the free radical theory of aging, what substance is affected by aging and causes damage?
A) Carbohydrates
B) Proteins
C) Water
D) Lipids
Q3) A nurse educates adults in preventive measures to avoid problems of middle adult years. Which of the following are the major health problems during the middle adult years?
A) Cardiovascular disease, cancer
B) Upper respiratory infections, fractures
C) Communicable diseases, dementia
D) Sexually transmitted diseases, drug abuse
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Chapter 20: Communicator
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Q1) The nurse has engaged the services of an interpreter when interviewing a client who speaks a language that the nurse does not understand. The interpreter is functioning in which role during the communication process?
A) Sender
B) Encoder
C) Receiver
D) Communication channel
Q2) A nursing student caring for an unconscious client knows that communication is important even if the client does not respond. Which nonverbal action by the nursing student would communicate caring?
A) Making constant eye contact with the client
B) Waving to the client when entering the room
C) Sighing frequently while providing care
D) Holding the client's hand while talking
Q3) What is the primary focus of communication during the nurse-client relationship?
A) Time available to the nurse
B) Nursing activity to be performed
C) Client and client needs
D) Environment of the client
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Page 22
Chapter 21: Teacher and Counselor
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Q1) A nurse refers a client with a new colostomy to a support group. This nurse is practicing which of the following aims of nursing?
A) Promoting health
B) Preventing illness
C) Restoring health
D) Facilitating coping
Q2) A nurse is writing learning outcomes for a client recovering from severe burns. Which of the following verbs would be good choices to use when preparing outcomes related to learning how to change dressings? Select all that apply.
A) Assembles
B) Demonstrates
C) Gives examples
D) Identifies
E) Chooses
Q3) What word or phrase best describes an effective counselor?
A) Technically skilled
B) Knowledgeable
C) Practical
D) Caring
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Page 23
Chapter 22: Nurse Leader, Manager, and Care Coordinator
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Q1) Which of the following statements accurately describes the use of power by change agents?
A) They know that power comes from one source-management.
B) When introducing change they do not enlist the support of key power players.
C) They are often accomplished professional women.
D) They do not recognize their own strengths and weaknesses.
Q2) Nurses with varying levels of experience possess leadership skills. A graduate nurse walks out of the nurse manager's office after a meeting. The graduate nurse reflects on the positive and negative feedback that she received from the manager regarding her three months working on the unit. What nursing leadership skill is best illustrated by the graduate nurse in this scenario?
A) Self-evaluation skills
B) Communication skills
C) Problem-solving skills
D) Management skills
Q3) What type of leader shares decisions and activities with group participants?
A) Democratic
B) Autocratic
C) Laissez-faire
D) Situational
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Chapter 23: Asepsis and Infection Control
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Q1) A nurse has seen several clients at a community health center. Which of the clients would be most at risk for developing an infection?
A) An older adult with several chronic illnesses
B) An infant who has just received first immunizations
C) An adolescent who had a basketball physical
D) A middle-aged adult with joint pain and stiffness
Q2) A student nurse is performing a urinary catheterization for the first time and inadvertently contaminates the catheter by touching the bed linens. What should the nurse do to maintain surgical asepsis for this procedure?
A) Nothing, because the client is on antibiotics.
B) Complete the procedure and then report what happened.
C) Apologize to the client and complete the procedure.
D) Gather new sterile supplies and start over.
Q3) What is the correct rationale for using body substance precautions?
A) The risk of transmitting HIV in sputum and urine is nonexistent.
B) Disease-specific isolation procedures are adequate protection.
C) Only actively infected clients are considered contagious.
D) All body substances are considered potentially infectious.
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Chapter 24: Vital Signs
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Q1) An adult client is assessed as having an apical pulse of 140. How would the nurse document this finding?
A) Bradycardia
B) Tachycardia
C) Dysrhythmia
D) Normal pulse
Q2) Which of the following is an average normal temperature in Centigrade for a healthy adult?
A) oral: 37.0°C
B) rectal: 36.5°C
C) axillary: 37.5°C
D) tympanic: 34.4°C
Q3) All of the following clients have a body temperature of 38°C (100.4°F). About which client would a nurse be most concerned?
A) An older adult
B) A pregnant adolescent
C) A junior high football player
D) An infant 2 months of age
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Chapter 25: Health Assessment
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Q1) An adolescent comes to a community health clinic with complaints of vaginal itching and discharge. She believes it is from having sex with her boyfriend. Which response should the nurse use during the health history to elicit information?
A) "Tell me about the sexual activity with your boyfriend."
B) "Why did you ever have sex with someone you don't know?"
C) "You are old enough to know to use condoms."
D) "I don't understand how you could be so careless."
Q2) Which of the following can a nurse assess by palpation?
A) Heart sounds, lung sounds, blood pressure
B) Temperature, turgor, moisture
C) Vision, hearing, cranial nerves
D) Tissue density, gait, reflexes
Q3) What would a nurse ensure before beginning a health assessment?
A) That the time needed for the assessment fits into the nurse's work schedule
B) That the room is private, quiet, warm, and has adequate light
C) That family members are present to answer specific questions
D) That there is a written physician's order for the assessment
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Chapter 26: Safety, Security, and Emergency Preparedness
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Q1) A physician orders restraints for a confused client who is at risk for injury by pulling out tubes necessary to sustain her life. Which of the following statements describes an accurate action to take when applying these restraints?
A) Apply restraints to the hands or wrists, never to the ankles.
B) Ensure that two fingers can be inserted between the restraint and the client's extremity.
C) Use a quick-release knot to tie the restraint to the side rail.
D) Remove the restraint at least every four hours, or according to agency policy.
Q2) The facility risk management team is preparing an in-service to nursing staff members. The presentation will highlight risk factor increase related directly to the type of clientele on a nursing unit. The presenter will correctly explain that which of the following risks is increased for female nurses who work on an oncology care unit?
A) Back injuries
B) Bloodborne pathogens
C) Adverse reproduction
D) Neurologic disorders
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Chapter 27: Complementary and Alternative Therapies
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Q1) A nurse practitioner uses integrative care in his practice. What does this mean?
A) He uses allopathic medicine to treat all clients.
B) He uses both allopathic medicine and CAT.
C) The nurse uses CAT, a physician-prescribed medication.
D) The nurse provides care for clients of all age groups.
Q2) Which essential oil can be used during aromatherapy to treat nausea?
A) Lavender
B) Garlic
C) Parsley
D) Peppermint
Q3) A client interested in acupuncture asks a nurse, "Just exactly what does it do?" What would the nurse explain?
A) "Acupuncture is based on a philosophy of laying on of hands."
B) "I don't think it does anything, so I don't know anything about it."
C) "It uses a manual process of adjusting the spine."
D) "It changes the flow of energy and helps healing."
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Chapter 28: Medications
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Q1) A nurse at a health care facility administers a prescribed drug to a client and does not record doing so in the medical administration record. The nurse who comes during the next shift, assuming that the medication has not been administered, administers the same drug to the client again. The nurse on the previous shift calls to inform the health care facility that the administration of the drug to this client in the earlier shift was not recorded. What should the nurse on duty do immediately upon detection of the medication error?
A) Report the incident to the physician.
B) Report the incident to the supervising nurse.
C) Check the client's condition.
D) Fill in the accident report sheet.
Q2) A client diagnosed with anemia is receiving a blood transfusion. The client develops urticaria accompanied by wheezing and dyspnea not long after the transfusion starts. The nurse interprets this as indicative of which of the following?
A) Allergic reaction
B) Side effect
C) Toxicity
D) Antagonism
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Chapter 29: Perioperative Nursing
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Sample Questions
Q1) A nurse is assisting a physician during a cesarean section for a client. The client is administered epidural anesthesia. Which of the following is an advantage of epidural anesthesia?
A) It counteracts the effects of conscious sedation.
B) It decreases the risk of gastrointestinal complications.
C) It prevents clients from remembering the initial recovery period.
D) It acts on the central nervous system to produce loss of sensation.
Q2) Upon assessment, a client reports that he drinks five to six bottles of beer every evening after work. Based upon this information, the nurse is aware that the client may require which of the following?
A) Larger doses of anesthetic agents and larger doses of postoperative analgesics
B) Larger doses of anesthetic agents and lower doses of postoperative analgesics
C) Lower doses of anesthetic agents and lower doses of postoperative analgesics
D) Lower doses of anesthetic agents and larger doses of postoperative analgesics
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Chapter 30: Hygiene
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following factors does not affect personal hygiene practices?
A) Culture
B) Income level
C) Health state
D) Gender
Q2) Which clent would be at greatest risk for injury to the skin and mucous membranes?
A) Infant 10 days old with no health problems
B) adolescent 17 years of age with asthma
C) Man 44 years of age with hemorrhoids
D) Man 77 years of age with diabetes
Q3) Which client would be most at risk for alterations in oral health?
A) Infant who is breast-fed
B) Man with a nasogastric tube
C) Woman who is pregnant
D) Healthy young adult
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Chapter 31: Skin Integrity and Wound Care
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Sample Questions
Q1) Of the many topics that may be taught to clients or caregivers about home wound care, which one is the most significant in preventing wound infections?
A) Taking medications as prescribed
B) Proper intake of food and fluids
C) Thorough hand hygiene
D) Adequate sleep and rest
Q2) What nursing diagnosis would be a priority for a client who has a large wound from colon surgery, is obese, and is taking corticosteroid medications?
A) Self-care Deficit
B) Risk for Imbalanced Nutrition
C) Anxiety
D) Risk for Infection
Q3) Which of the following are functions of the skin? Select all that apply.
A) Protection
B) Temperature regulation
C) Sensation
D) Vitamin C production
E) Immunological
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33
Chapter 32: Activity
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Sample Questions
Q1) Once applied, antiembolism stockings should not be removed until the primary care provider writes an order to discontinue them.
A)True
B)False
Q2) While being measured for anti-embolism stockings, the client asks the nurse why they are necessary. What would be the nurses's best response?
A) They promote venous blood return to the heart.
B) They eliminate peripheral edema.
C) They provide a nonslip foot surface to help prevent falls.
D) They reduce the risk for impaired skin integrity.
Q3) The physician's admitting orders indicate that the client is to be placed in a Fowler's position. Upon positioning this client, how much will the nurse elevate the head of the bed?
A) 45 to 60 degrees
B) 15 to 20 degrees
C) 30 degrees
D) 90 degrees
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Chapter 33: Rest and Sleep
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Sample Questions
Q1) A middle-age adult man has just started an exercise program. What would the nurse teach him about timing of exercise and sleep?
A) Exercising immediately before bedtime enhances ability to sleep
B) Exercising within two hours of bedtime can hinder ability to sleep
C) The time of day does not matter; exercise facilitates sleep
D) The fatigue from exercise may be a hindrance to sleep
Q2) A nurse is caring for a client who has been diagnosed with insomnia. What nursing intervention would help the nurse relieve the client's condition?
A) Maintain a calm and quiet environment free from noise.
B) Administer sedatives as prescribed by the physician.
C) Motivate the client to sleep because it may affect his health.
D) Engage the client in some diversional activities.
Q3) Which individual is likely to require more hours of sleep?
A) a person 75 years of age
B) a person 43 years of age
C) a person 25 years of age
D) a person 15 years of age
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Chapter 34: Comfort and Pain Management
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Sample Questions
Q1) The nurse is caring for a client with terminal bone cancer. The client states, My pain is getting worse and worse, and the morphine doesn't help anymore. The nurse determines the client's pain is which of the following?
A) Acute
B) Chronic malignant
C) Diffuse
D) Intractable
Q2) Why is acute pain said to be protective in nature?
A) It warns an individual of tissue damage or disease.
B) It enables the person to increase personal strength.
C) As a subjective experience, it serves no purpose.
D) As an objective experience, it aids diagnosis.
Q3) Which client would benefit from a p.r.n. drug regimen?
A) One who had thoracic surgery 12 hours ago
B) One who had thoracic surgery four days ago
C) One who has intractable pain
D) One who has chronic pain
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36
Chapter 35: Nutrition
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Sample Questions
Q1) A nurse is caring for a client with excessive abdominal fat. Which of the following is a risk associated with excessive abdominal fat about which the nurse should inform the client?
A) Emaciation
B) Cachexia
C) Cardiovascular disease
D) Anorexia
Q2) A nurse is discussing infant care with a woman who just had a baby girl. What type of nutrition would the nurse recommend for the infant?
A) Solid foods after the first month
B) No solid foods until age 1 year
C) Bottle feeding with cow's milk
D) Breast-feeding or formula with iron
Q3) A hospitalized client has been NPO with only intravenous fluid intake for a prolonged period. What assessments might indicate protein-calorie malnutrition?
A) Fever, joint pain, dehydration
B) Poor wound healing, apathy, edema
C) Sleep disturbances, anger, increased output
D) Weight gain, visual deficits, erythema of skin
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Page 37
Chapter 36: Urinary Elimination
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Sample Questions
Q1) A nurse is carrying out an order to remove an indwelling catheter. What is the first step of this skill?
A) Deflate the balloon by aspirating the fluid.
B) Ask the client to take several deep breaths.
C) Tell the client burning may initially occur.
D) Wash hands and put on gloves.
Q2) A client with urine retention related to a complete prostatic obstruction requires a urinary catheter to drain the bladder. Which type of catheter is most appropriate for a client that has an obstructed urethra?
A) Suprapubic catheter
B) Indwelling urethral catheter
C) Intermittent urethral catheter
D) Straight catheter
Q3) An older adult woman has constant dribbling of urine. The associated discomfort, odor, and embarrassment may support which of the following nursing diagnoses?
A) Social Isolation
B) Impaired Adjustment
C) Defensive Coping
D) Impaired Memory
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Page 38
Chapter 37: Bowel Elimination
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Sample Questions
Q1) A client has had frequent watery stools (diarrhea) for an extended period of time. The client also has decreased skin turgor and dark urine. Based on these data, which nursing diagnosis would be appropriate?
A) Imbalanced Nutrition: Less than Body Requirements
B) Deficient Fluid Volume
C) Impaired Tissue Integrity
D) Impaired Urinary Elimination
Q2) What are two essential techniques when collecting a stool specimen?
A) Hand hygiene and wearing gloves
B) Following policies and selecting containers
C) Wearing goggles and an isolation gown
D) Using a no-touch method and toilet paper
Q3) The nurse is assessing a client with abdominal complaints. The nurse performs deep palpation of the abdomen for which reason?
A) Detect abdominal masses
B) Determine abdominal firmness
C) Assess softness of abdominal muscles
D) Assess degree of abdominal distention
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Chapter 38: Oxygenation and Perfusion
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Sample Questions
Q1) The nurse is developing a plan of care for a client admitted with pneumonia. The nurse has determined that a priority nursing diagnosis for this client is "Ineffective Airway Clearance related to copious and tenacious secretions." Based upon this nursing diagnosis, what is an appropriate nursing intervention to include in the client's care plan?
A) Encouraging the client to consume two to three quarts of clear fluids daily
B) Creating an environment that is likely to reduce anxiety
C) Positioning the client supine
D) Encouraging the client to decrease the number of cigarettes smoked daily
Q2) What prevents air from re-entering the pleural space when chest tubes are inserted?
A) The location of the tube insertion
B) The sutures that hold in the tube
C) A closed water-seal drainage system
D) Respiratory inspiration and expiration
Q3) Which of the following diseases may result in decreased lung compliance?
A) Emphysema
B) Appendicitis
C) Acne
D) Chronic diarrhea
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Chapter 39: Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance
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Sample Questions
Q1) A nurse is caring for a client with phlebitis. The nurse notices that the client's forearm, which has the tubing, has become red and slightly warm. Which of the following actions should the nurse perform to avoid further complications and provide relief to the client?
A) Administer oxygen.
B) Call for help.
C) Discontinue the IV promptly.
D) Elevate the affected arm.
Q2) A nurse flushing a capped, peripheral venous access device finds that the IV does not flush easily. What is the appropriate intervention in this situation?
A) If infiltration or phlebitis is present, apply a sterile dressing to the site.
B) Aspirate and attempt to flush the line again.
C) If resistance remains after aspirating and flushing, forcefully flush the line.
D) If catheter has pulled out a short distance, push back in and flush line again.
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Chapter 40: Self-Concept
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Sample Questions
Q1) The nurse promotes the self-concept of the parents of an infant age 6 months admitted to the hospital with a fever and dehydration by doing what?
A) Telling the parents that the infant's condition was not their fault
B) Allowing the parents to participate in the infant's care
C) Encouraging the parents to visit the infant every other day
D) Educating the parents on health-maintenance behaviors
Q2) The nurse is caring for a man client, age 47 years, who suffers from myasthenia gravis. He has periods of great weakness and is unable to do the things for his family that he would like to. He tells the nurse that he is not worth much these days. Knowing that sometimes clients focus on things they cannot do, which of the following statements by the nurse might be helpful?
A) I'm sure that things will be better soon.
B) Some days are like that.
C) Does your family pitch in and help you?
D) What are some of the things you do well?
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Chapter 41: Stress and Adaptation
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Sample Questions
Q1) The client is a child age 5 years hospitalized for a surgical procedure. The client is bedwetting. The parents report this is a new behavior and their child is toilet trained. The nurse assesses the client is exhibiting the defense mechanism of ...
A) compensation.
B) displacement.
C) reaction formation.
D) regression.
Q2) What phase of the general adaptation syndrome is a client in when he uses all of his adaptive mechanisms for dealing with stress, leaving no defense against the distress?
A) Alarm reaction stage
B) Fight-or-flight stage
C) Stage of resistance
D) Stage of exhaustion
Q3) Which of the following group of terms best describes anxiety?
A) Cognitive, known threat, depression
B) Cognitive, visible threat, anger
C) Known source, prolonged, solely physical
D) Unknown cause, emotional, apprehensive
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Chapter 42: Loss, Grief, and Dying
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Sample Questions
Q1) A nurse is caring for a young client with acute renal failure who is dying. What care should the nurse take when helping dying clients to cope?
A) Avoid discussing death with the client.
B) Ask the client's family not to disturb the client.
C) Avoid informing the client of his or her actual health status.
D) Provide opportunities for the client to express his or her feelings freely.
Q2) A client asks a nurse to explain a living will. What is the nurse's best answer?
A) It specifies who will inherit the client's estate.
B) It determines an individual's quality of life.
C) It lists specific instructions for health care provisions.
D) It identifies a trusted person to make health care decisions.
Q3) Although all of the following are factors that affect grief, which one is most likely to influence a person's expression of grief?
A) Socioeconomic factors
B) Cultural influences
C) Religious influences
D) Cause of death
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44
Chapter 43: Sensory Functioning
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Sample Questions
Q1) What type of cognitive responses might a nurse assess in a client with sensory deprivation?
A) Uncoordinated movements, altered sense of smell
B) Decreased attention span, difficulty problem solving
C) Apathy, depression
D) Rapid mood changes, anxiety
Q2) Which of the following nonpharmacologic, independent nursing interventions may be used to promote relaxation without also causing sensory overload?
A) Talking with the client
B) Playing music the client chooses
C) Watching talk shows the nurse chooses
D) Watching television reality shows that visitors choose
Q3) What term is used to describe the sense, usually at a subconscious level, of the movements and position of the body (especially its limbs) independent of vision?
A) Stereognosis
B) Visceral
C) Proprioception
D) Sensory perception
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45
Chapter 44: Sexuality
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following questions or statements would be most useful for the nurse to make when eliciting information about a client's sexual history?
A) "We need to talk about this."
B) Why did you have unprotected sex?
C) "How would you describe the problem?
D) I need to know sex partners' numbers."
Q2) A woman tells a nurse, "My husband wants to have sex when I have my period. Is that safe?" What is an appropriate answer?
A) "No, the flow of blood could be slowed down."
B) "No, it will tend to make your cramps worse."
C) "Yes, but be sure to douche after sex."
D) "Yes, there is no reason not to have sex then."
Q3) A male client age 15 years is experiencing nocturnal emissions. What nursing intervention would be appropriate for this client?
A) Ask the parents to consult with a specialist.
B) Tell the client to limit physical activity in the evening.
C) Ask the primary care provider to perform a physical examination.
D) No intervention is necessary as this is a normal phenomenon.
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Chapter 45: Spirituality
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Sample Questions
Q1) A client expresses confidence in his traditional healer to relieve symptoms of an illness. What is the client demonstrating?
A) Hope
B) Spirituality
C) Faith
D) Charity
Q2) A nurse is caring for a hospitalized client. What intervention can the nurse use to help the client continue normal spiritual practices?
A) Discuss the nurse's own religious beliefs with the client.
B) Tell the client that spiritual practices can be resumed later.
C) Request dietary consultation for the client's dietary restrictions.
D) Request medication from the physician to calm the client.
Q3) Which of the following statements by a nurse would nurture spirituality by promoting love and relatedness?
A) "I know you are angry about your diagnosis."
B) "Tell me about what you do in your job."
C) "Tell me about how you get along with others."
D) "How often do you read the Bible each day?"
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