Fundamentals of Neuroscience Exam Review
Course Introduction
Fundamentals of Neuroscience provides a comprehensive introduction to the structure and function of the nervous system, exploring how brain activity gives rise to behavior, sensation, and cognition. The course covers key topics such as neuronal signaling, synaptic transmission, neuroanatomy, sensory and motor systems, and the biological basis of learning, memory, and emotion. Through lectures, readings, and laboratory exercises, students gain foundational knowledge in neurobiology and develop critical thinking skills for analyzing neurological processes underlying health and disease. This course serves as a gateway for further studies in neuroscience, psychology, or biomedical sciences.
Recommended Textbook
Biological Psychology 13th Edition by James W. Kalat
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14 Chapters
1750 Verified Questions
1750 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Nerve Cells and Nerve Impulses
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125 Verified Questions
125 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/3133
Sample Questions
Q1) Professor Rhodus is lecturing about selective permeability of neurons. What would he tell the class?
A) All ions can only travel in one direction across the membrane.
B) All molecules must cross the membrane via a designated channel.
C) Only certain molecules can cross the membrane freely.
D) Only sodium and potassium ions can cross the membrane.
Answer: C
Q2) Which type of glia builds myelin sheaths around axons in the periphery of the body?
A) Astrocytes
B) Schwann cells
C) Oligodendrocytes
D) Radial glia
Answer: B
Q3) When a membrane is at rest, what attracts sodium ions to the inside of the cell?
A) An electrical gradient
B) A concentration gradient
C) Both an electrical gradient and a concentration gradient
D) Neither an electrical gradient nor a concentration gradient
Answer: C
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3
Chapter 2: Synapses
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Sample Questions
Q1) The neuron that receives the message is called the ______ neuron.
A) postsynaptic
B) presynaptic
C) polarized
D) reflexive
Answer: A
Q2) Charles S. Sherrington was the first to infer the properties of ____.
A) synapses
B) the refractory period
C) the sodium-potassium pump
D) dendrites and axons
Answer: A
Q3) What do temporal summation and spatial summation have in common?
A) Both involve the activity of only two neurons.
B) Both require a response from the brain.
C) Both depend on a combination of visual and auditory stimuli.
D) Both enable a reflex to occur in response to weak stimuli.
Answer: D
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4
Chapter 3: Anatomy and Research Methods
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125 Verified Questions
125 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Rudy has been diagnosed with Parkinson's disease. He will have damage to his ____ neurons in the _______.
A) serotonin; substantia nigra
B) dopamine; substantia nigra
C) norepinephrine; cerebellum
D) dopamine; cerebellum
Answer: B
Q2) The hindbrain consists of the medulla, the pons, and the cerebellum.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) The only area of the cerebral cortex known to receive input from ALL sensory modalities is the ____.
A) thalamus
B) prefrontal cortex
C) striate cortex
D) parietal lobe
Answer: B
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5
Chapter 4: Genetics, Evolution, Development, and Plasticity
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124 Verified Questions
124 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which action best illustrates altruistic behavior?
A) Bullying other kids in the lunch line
B) Spreading rumors about your boss
C) Picking up your room
D) Helping an elderly person across the street
Q2) Henrietta cannot overcome her alcohol addiction even though she is pregnant. What will likely be the outcome for the baby? What symptoms will the child likely experience?
Q3) In general, biologists who speak of sex-linked genes are typically referring to genes on ____.
A) autosomal chromosomes
B) more than one chromosome
C) the X chromosome
D) the Y chromosome
Q4) What is one impediment to the regeneration of axons in the mammalian central nervous system?
A) Inhibitory chemicals secreted by the damaged portion of the axon
B) Bacterial infections caused by the decaying tissue
C) Glia releasing chemicals that inhibit axon growth
D) Inhibitory messages sent from the cell nucleus when an axon is damaged
Page 6
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Chapter 5: Vision
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Sample Questions
Q1) Visual information from the lateral geniculate area goes to the ____.
A) retina
B) primary visual cortex
C) thalamus
D) hypothalamus
Q2) Describe the functional and anatomic differences between rods and cones.
Q3) Youlanda has to wear glasses because her cornea doesn't adjust properly to focus the light onto the retina.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Color constancy is the ability to ____.
A) perceive all wavelengths as the same color
B) see color, even in very faint light
C) differentiate among many colors and hues
D) recognize the color of an object despite changes in lighting
Q5) Someone with prosopagnosia has difficulty with ____.
A) focusing on colored objects
B) seeing items located in the left visual field
C) recognizing faces
D) processing information from more than one sensory modality at a time
Page 7
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Chapter 6: Other Sensory Systems
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Sample Questions
Q1) The ____ of a sound is the number of compressions per second.
A) pitch
B) frequency
C) amplitude
D) loudness
Q2) Visual imagery is to ____ as auditory imagery is to ____.
A) A1; A1
B) V1; V1
C) area MT; A1
D) V1; A1
Q3) A sound shadow refers to ____.
A) out of phase sound waves
B) in phase sound waves
C) the time it takes sound waves to reach the ears
D) how much louder a high-frequency sound is for the ear closest to the sound
Q4) Along each strip of somatosensory cortex, different subareas respond to ____.
A) different types of receptors
B) different areas of the body
C) different parts of the cortex
D) different types of transmitters
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Chapter 7: Movement
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Sample Questions
Q1) Most types of movement can be clearly classified as voluntary or involuntary.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The motor cortex produces a kind of activity called a(n) ____ before any voluntary movement.
A) readiness potential
B) action potential
C) evoked potential
D) motor potential
Q3) After getting wet, Angelo's dog shook off the water. His dog's behavior depends on
A) central pattern generator
B) stretch reflex
C) motor program reflex
D) a Golgi tendon organ
Q4) Most of the axons of the medial tract go to which side of the body?
A) Contralateral
B) Ipsilateral
C) Bilateral
D) Dorsolateral
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Chapter 8: Wakefulness and Sleep
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125 Verified Questions
125 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) After damage to the suprachiasmatic nucleus, the body ____.
A) cannot generate biological rhythms
B) still has rhythms in synchrony with environmental patterns of light and dark
C) still has rhythms, but they are less consistent
D) still has rhythms, but they can only be reset by artificial light
Q2) Professor Cheng tells her class that the SCN is found in the _____.
A) hypothalamus
B) thalamus
C) brain stem
D) pineal gland
Q3) Professor King is talking about sleep and tells the class that REM sleep is called paradoxical because _____.
A) it serves restorative functions, and yet the body has no apparent need for it.
B) it is light sleep in some ways and deep sleep in other ways
C) It depends on serotonin for its onset and acetylcholine for its offset.
D) It is associated with dreaming although brain activity is low.
Q4) Orexin is not necessary for waking up, but it is for staying awake.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 9: Internal Regulation
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Sample Questions
Q1) Orexin inhibits appetite.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Kurtis's dog has had damage to the POA/AH. If he gets hot, he will _____.
A) start eating
B) find a place to sleep
C) not pant properly and potentially overheat
D) shiver too much and overcool himself
Q3) Which hormone, released by the posterior pituitary, both raises blood pressure and enables the kidneys to reabsorb water?
A) Vasopressin
B) Prolactin
C) Thymosin
D) ACTH
Q4) Damage to the ventromedial hypothalamus leads to eating ____.
A) the same, but drinking less than normal amounts
B) the same large amount each meal, regardless of the taste
C) less
D) normal-sized meals, but eating them more frequently
Q5) Describe the major brain mechanisms of eating and hunger.
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Chapter 10: Reproductive Behaviors
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Sample Questions
Q1) Hormones are capable of inducing long-lasting changes throughout the body.
A)True
B)False
Q2) One objection to the use of the one-mate strategy in women is that ____.
A) in some cases, having multiple sex partners can result in more offspring
B) women are more jealous than men
C) women can't be sure that their mate is the father
D) there are no men who share this strategy
Q3) Who would probably develop as an intersex?
A) A genetic female exposed to more testosterone than normal during early development
B) A genetic male exposed to more estradiol than normal during early development
C) A genetic female deprived of her normal amount of estradiol during early development
D) A genetic male exposed to a larger than normal amount of testosterone during early development
Q4) Androgen insensitivity syndrome leads to a genetic male with a female external appearance of the genitals.
A)True
B)False
Page 12
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Chapter 11: Emotional Behaviors
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125 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Individuals who manage to succeed and thrive despite many difficulties may best be described as ____.
A) being resilient
B) immune to stress
C) having autonomic failure
D) having a suppressed HPA axis
Q2) Chemicals released by the immune system that attack infections and communicate with the brain to elicit anti-illness behaviors are ____.
A) macrophages
B) cytotoxic cells
C) cytokines
D) natural killer cells
Q3) Recognition of an angry expression is faster when the face is directed ____, and a fearful expression is faster if it is directed ____.
A) toward you; to the side
B) to the side; toward you
C) toward you; toward you
D) to the side; to the side
Q4) Briefly describe the James-Lange Theory of Emotion.
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Chapter 12: Learning, Memory, and Intelligence
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Sample Questions
Q1) McKenzie is using classical conditioning to teach her dog to sit by giving the dog a treat each time she sits.
A)True
B)False
Q2) To replace the concept of short-term memory, A. D. Baddeley and G. J. Hitch introduced the term delayed memory to refer to the way we store information while we are working at it.
A)True
B)False
Q3) A distinctive symptom of Korsakoff's syndrome is confabulation, in which patients guess to fill in memory gaps.
A)True
B)False
Q4) In instrumental conditioning, reinforcement is ____.
A) any food that the organism likes
B) a stimulus that produces a reflexive response
C) an event that decreases the future probability of a response
D) an event that increases the future probability of a response
Q5) Describe the role of the basal ganglia in memory function.
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Chapter 13: Cognitive Functions
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Sample Questions
Q1) The left and right hemispheres exchange information through a set of axons called the corpus callosum.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The planum temporale is located in the ____.
A) frontal lobe
B) parietal lobe
C) temporal lobe
D) occipital lobe
Q3) The training of Kanzi differed from the earlier language studies using other chimpanzees in that Kanzi ____.
A) observed his mother being trained while he was an infant
B) was given food reinforcements for associating arbitrary symbols with meanings
C) was given only verbal praise
D) was raised from birth in a human family, in total isolation from other animals
Q4) Ezra has frontotemporal dementia. Where is his damage located and what symptoms does he experience?
Q5) Describe the role of the right hemisphere.
Q6) Provide a detailed description of spatial neglect.
Page 15
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Chapter 14: Psychological Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) Before diagnosing her patient with schizophrenia, Dr. Broxton will rule out all of the following except ____ since they also resemble schizophrenia.
A) substance abuse
B) brain damage
C) nutritional problems
D) SAD
Q2) Professor Bogdan tells his class that it is hypothesized that people use addictive substances for all of the following reasons except _____.
A) to cope with stress
B) to avoid withdrawal symptoms
C) to feel pleasurable effects
D) to feel a rush from the serotonin boost
Q3) Less than 5 percent of mothers who have children with autism have antibodies that attack certain brain proteins.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Differentiate between the terms agonist, antagonist, affinity, and efficacy in terms of drug use/abuse.
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