Fundamentals of Human Nutrition Exam Solutions
Course Introduction
Fundamentals of Human Nutrition introduces the essential concepts of nutrition science, emphasizing the roles and functions of macro- and micronutrients in the human body. The course explores digestion, absorption, and metabolism, as well as the impact of nutrition on health, development, and disease prevention across the lifespan. Students will examine dietary guidelines, food sources, nutrient requirements, and factors influencing food choices, while developing the analytical skills needed to assess nutritional status and make informed decisions about healthy eating practices.
Recommended Textbook
Wardlaws Perspectives in Nutrition A Functional Approach 1st Edition by Carol Byrd Bredbenner
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18 Chapters
1617 Verified Questions
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Chapter 1: The Science of Nutrition
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90 Verified Questions
90 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The major form of lipid in foods is a ________.
A)triglyceride
B)amino acid
C)fatty acid
D)glycerol
Answer: A
Q2) Which is NOT true of water?
A)It is a medium for transporting nutrients throughout the body.
B)It is an organic substance.
C)It is the nutrient needed in the largest quantity.
D)It acts a lubricant in the body.
Answer: B
Q3) Most North Americans could improve their diets by ________.
A)eating more foods rich in vitamins A and E
B)increasing sodium intake
C)lowering iron and calcium intake
D)eating fewer whole-grain breads
Answer: A
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Chapter 2: Tools of a Healthy Diet
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Sample Questions
Q1) When vitamins and/or minerals are added to a food product in amounts in excess of at least 10% above that originally present in the product, the food is designated as
A)light or lite
B)organic
C)imitation
D)fortified
Answer: D
Q2) MyPlate includes which food group?
A)Dairy
B)Vegetables
C)Protein foods
D)Fruits
E) All of these
Answer: E
Q3) About half of the money Americans spend on food is used to buy foods prepared outside the home.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 3: The Food Supply
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Sample Questions
Q1) Typical food sources for this parasite are wild game and pork.
A)Toxoplasma gondii
B)Trichinella spiralis
C)Staphylococcus aureus
D)Aflatoxin
Answer: B
Q2) In the U.S., food labels must indicate the presence of irradiated ingredients.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) Undernutrition results in stunted growth in about _______ of the world's children.
A)50%
B)10%
C)33%
D)8%
Answer: C
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Chapter 4: Human Digestion and Absorption
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Sample Questions
Q1) Much of the digestion that occurs in the large intestine is caused by ________.
A)lipase
B)pepsin
C)saliva
D)bacteria
Q2) Water-soluble nutrients enter into the body by way of ________.
A)the blood
B)the lymph system
C)both the blood and the lymph system
D)neither the blood nor the lymph system
Q3) Tissues are defined as ________.
A)functional systems
B)complex organs that perform one task
C)a diverse collection of cells
D)a collection of cells that perform a specific function
Q4) The life span of absorptive cells in the villi is approximately ________.
A)24 hours
B)2 to 5 days
C)8 to 10 days
D)4 to 6 weeks
Page 6
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Chapter 5: Carbohydrates
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Sample Questions
Q1) Name 3 typical symptoms of type 1 diabetes.
Q2) Which of the following combinations of foods would provide the most dietary fiber?
A)Kidney bean salad, turkey sandwich on whole wheat bread, fresh apple, milk.
B)Ham sandwich on white bread, potato chips, iced tea.
C)Roast beef, mashed potatoes, coffee with sugar.
D)Cheeseburger (white bun, lettuce, mustard, catsup, slice of tomato, 3 oz ground beef, processed cheese slice), french fries, soft drink.
Q3) Soluble dietary fibers have been shown to reduce serum cholesterol.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The most common type of diabetes mellitus is ________.
A)type 1 diabetes
B)type 2 diabetes
C)gestational diabetes
Q5) Indigestible carbohydrates play a role in promoting bowel health and preventing obesity.
A)True
B)False
Q6) List 3 examples of non-nutritive sweeteners.
Page 7
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Chapter 6: Lipids
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Sample Questions
Q1) Blockage of a major artery is caused by a blood clot.These clots may form when
A)cholesterol plaques build up in artery walls
B)HDL invades artery walls
C)the dietary intake of cholesterol is less than 200 mg per day
D)LDL fails to remove cholesterol from artery walls
Q2) Which apolipoprotein is responsible for activating lipoprotein lipase?
A)Apo B-48
B)Apo C-II
C)Apo C
D)Apo B-100
Q3) Evaluate the following statement: "Heart disease is more likely due to genetics than diet."
Q4) All fat-free foods are healthy for you.
A)True B)False
Q5) Americans eat more omega-3 fatty acids than omega-6 fatty acids. A)True B)False
Q6) How do antioxidants reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease?
Page 8
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Chapter 7: Proteins
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Sample Questions
Q1) When food proteins reach the stomach, HCl ________ the protein.
A)esterifies
B)emulsifies
C)transaminates
D)denatures
Q2) Calculate the protein needs of a healthy, 140-lb.woman.
Q3) The Protein Digestibility Corrected Amino Acid Score (PCDAAS) is the score derived by multiplying a food's chemical score by its digestibility.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Explain why denaturation of a protein destroys its biological function.
Q5) The biological value of a food protein is a measure of ________.
A)how much of the food one eats
B)the total amount of nitrogen in the blood
C)how closely it meets amino acid needs
D)the weight gained by a growing rat after eating the food protein for 10 days
Q6) Peanuts, cow's milk, and shellfish are among foods considered to be highly allergenic.
A)True
B)False
Page 9
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Chapter 8: Alcohol
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Sample Questions
Q1) A standard drink is defined as ________.
A)16 oz beer
B)12 oz wine cooler
C)5 oz wine
D)3 oz hard liquor
Q2) Benefits of moderate alcohol consumption include lower rates of ________.
A)Alzheimer's disease
B)many types of cancer
C)cardiovascular disease
D)All of these responses are correct
Q3) Compared to men, women absorb approximately 30-35% more unaltered alcohol from the stomach into the bloodstream.
A)True
B)False
Q4) An 80-proof vodka or gin is 80% alcohol.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Describe 3 methods used to treat alcoholism.
Q6) Describe the health consequences to the fetus of drinking alcohol during pregnancy.
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Chapter 9: Energy Metabolism
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Sample Questions
Q1) The synthesis of fatty acids occurs in the _________ of the cell and the breakdown of fatty acids occurs in the _______ of the cell.
A)mitochondria; cytosol
B)nucleus; cytosol
C)cytosol; mitochondria
D)cytosol; lysosome
Q2) Flavin adenine dinucleotide is a coenzyme form of the vitamin ________.
A)pantothenic acid
B)niacin
C)thiamin
D)riboflavin
Q3) Diabetic ketoacidosis is a result of a lack of insulin.
A)True
B)False
Q4) When a compound is reduced it _____ one or more electrons.
A)loses
B)gains
C)transforms
D)creates
Q5) Explain why individuals with undiagnosed diabetes lose weight.
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Chapter 10: Energy Balance, Weight Control, and Eating Disorders
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100 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Compared to men, the basal metabolic rate of women is ________.
A)lower
B)higher
C)no different
Q2) The most successful treatment for anorexia nervosa involves ________.
A)isolation from the family and forced tube feeding
B)dietary counseling on an outpatient basis by a registered dietitian
C)inpatient psychological, nutritional, and medical therapy, often involving the whole family
D)use of diuretics
Q3) Is a craving for chocolate a sign of hunger?
Q4) Keeping tempting snack foods stashed in the cupboards or freezer instead of leaving them in plain view is an example of ________.
A)cognitive restructuring
B)chain-breaking
C)self-monitoring
D)stimulus control
Q5) Why is quick weight loss usually a loss of fluid, protein, and glycogen?
Page 12
Q6) Name the three important components of a successful weight-management program.
Q7) Explain how hunger signals change as we eat.
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Page 13
Chapter 11: Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports
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Sample Questions
Q1) Athletes, particularly female and young athletes, need to increase their intake of ________ to increase red blood cell production.
A)vitamin C
B)vitamin A
C)calcium
D)iron
Q2) The only fuel that can be used in anaerobic glycolysis is ________.
A)fatty acids
B)amino acids
C)alcohol
D)glucose
Q3) According to the 2008 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans substantial health benefits occur when adults engage ________.
A)in occasional physical activity
B)in 150 minutes of moderate intensity exercise each week
C)in 75 minutes of moderate intensity exercise each week
D)None of these responses are correct
Q4) What are the basic components of an exercise program?
Q5) List 5 symptoms of heatstroke, and explain how it can occur.
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Chapter 12: Micronutrients: Vitamins and Minerals
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Sample Questions
Q1) When consumed in recommended amounts, approximately ________ of fat-soluble vitamins are absorbed.
A)1-5%
B)5-20%
C)10-35%
D)40-90%
Q2) Fruits, vegetables, and protein foods are good sources of the mineral ________.
A)calcium
B)phosphorus
C)magnesium
D)potassium
Q3) Which of the following does NOT describe a vitamin?
A)They are essential organic substances
B)They are fat- or water-soluble
C)They are needed in relatively small amounts
D)They provide a rich source of energy
Q4) Why is there no specific advantage from taking vitamin B supplements in the coenzyme forms?
Q5) Why are paper and opaque plastic containers used for milk, milk products, and cereals?
15
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Chapter 13: Micronutrients in Energy and Amino Acid
Metabolism
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98 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Vitamin B-12 is absorbed in the ________.
A)stomach
B)duodenum
C)jejunum
D)ileum
Q2) To protect riboflavin from destruction by sunlight, milk and milk products are packaged in ________.
A)clear glass bottles
B)paper and opaque plastic cartons
C)clear plastic bottles and cartons
D)any kind of container
Q3) Large doses of riboflavin are nontoxic.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Describe the symptoms of iodine deficiency.
Q5) Approximately 90% of dietary manganese is absorbed and then transported by transferrin to the liver.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Describe why good folate status is especially important for young women. Page 16
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Page 17
Chapter 14: Fluid Balance and Blood Health
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Sample Questions
Q1) The body regulates its potassium content by ________.
A)absorbing more or less potassium from the gastrointestinal tract
B)excreting more or less potassium in the urine
C)storing more or less potassium in the liver
D)storing more or less potassium in the bone
Q2) A loss of 1-2% of body weight in fluids will cause a person to ________.
A)experience thirst
B)experience a decline in muscle strength and endurance
C)experience decreased heat tolerance and weakness
D)lapse into coma and die
Q3) In an adult of normal body composition weighing 165 lb, approximately ________ lb is water.
A)91
B)55
C)37
D)116 165 lb x 0.55 (percentage of adult body weight that is water) = 90.75 lb
Q4) List 3 population groups at risk for iron deficiency.
Q5) Dietary heme iron is obtained mainly from plant-based foods.
A)True
B)False
Page 18
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Chapter 15: Bone Health and Body Defense Systems
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Sample Questions
Q1) Why should individuals on anticoagulation medication avoid excess vitamin E?
Q2) Calcitriol is the ________.
A)precursor to vitamin D that is activated by sunlight
B)plant source of vitamin D
C)animal food source of vitamin D
D)biologically active form of vitamin D
Q3) Absorption of dietary calcium in the duodenum is aided by ________.
A)consumption of lactose
B)acidic environment
C)1, 25 (OH)<sub>2</sub> vitamin D
D)All of these choices are accurate
Q4) Vitamin D is sometimes called the sunshine vitamin because ________.
A)it is available in fresh orange juice
B)exposure to sunlight converts a precursor form to vitamin D
C)it can be destroyed by exposure to sunlight
D)it is the yellow-orange color of the sun
Q5) Some scientists believe that vitamin D recommendation should be much higher than currently set.
A)True
B)False
Page 19
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Chapter 16: Nutritional Aspects of Pregnancy and Breastfeeding
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Sample Questions
Q1) To minimize nausea during pregnancy, pregnant women should ________.
A)wear strong perfume
B)drink a large glass of cool water before getting out of bed in the morning
C)breathe warm, moist air
D)None of these responses are accurate
Q2) The fetus accumulates most of its body fat and mineral stores ________.
A)during the first trimester
B)during the second trimester
C)during the third trimester
D)at any time during development
Q3) Women who begin pregnancy underweight have an increased risk for ________.
A)low blood pressure
B)gestational diabetes
C)ketosis
D)poor nutrient stores
Q4) A benefit of breastfeeding for mothers is ________.
A)reduced risk for ovarian cancer
B)less postpartum bleeding
C)weight loss
D)All of these responses are correct
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Chapter 17: Nutrition During the Growing Years
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Sample Questions
Q1) Children should be screened for elevated blood cholesterol if their families have histories of early development of heart disease.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The time to introduce solid foods to an infant's diet depends on his or her
A)nutritional needs
B)physiological capabilities
C)physical abilities
D)All of these responses are correct
Q3) To get a child to try a new food, ________.
A)offer food rewards, such as a favorite dessert
B)add sugar or butter to the food
C)employ the "one bite" rule
D)All of these choices are accurate
Q4) High-protein diets are not good for infants ________.
A)unless they are highly digestible proteins
B)because they are hypoallergenic
C)because the infant's kidneys cannot clear large amounts of urea every day
D)All of these choices are accurate
21
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Chapter 18: Nutrition During the Adult Years
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Sample Questions
Q1) Calorie needs decline after age 30 years or so because ________.
A)basal metabolism declines
B)the body becomes more efficient in using energy
C)thrifty metabolism begins
D)All of these responses are correct
Q2) To protect the cardiovascular system, adults should ________.
A)not smoke
B)eat low-carbohydrate diets
C)avoid vigorous exercise
D)All of these choices are correct
Q3) Insufficient intakes of ___ by adults may contribute to loss of taste sensations and delayed wound healing.
A)magnesium
B)zinc
C)folate
D)vitamin B-12
Q4) During adulthood, nutrients are used primarily ________.
A)to maintain the body
B)to support physical growth
C)to maintain the body and support physical growth
Page 22
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