Fundamentals of Disease
Mock Exam
Course Introduction
This course provides an introduction to the biological basis of disease, examining how disruptions in normal physiological processes can lead to illness. Students will explore the mechanisms underlying common diseases, including infectious, genetic, metabolic, and degenerative disorders. Emphasis is placed on understanding the causes, progression, and cellular-level effects of disease, as well as the bodys defense mechanisms against pathogens. Through case studies and current research, the course prepares students to recognize disease symptoms and appreciate the impact of disease on individuals and society.
Recommended Textbook
Pathology for the Health Professions 4th Edition by Ivan Damjanov MD PhD
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23 Chapters
495 Verified Questions
495 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/study-set/1009
Page 2
Chapter 1: Cell Pathology
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15 Verified Questions
15 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/20000
Sample Questions
Q1) Chronic hemolysis is characterized by accumulation of an iron-containing brown pigment in the cytoplasm of liver cells.This brown pigment is called:
A) Melanin
B) Tyrosin
C) Hemosiderin
D) Ceruloplasmin
E) Bilirubin
Answer: C
Q2) Metastatic calcification is associated with the:
A) Heart
B) Liver
C) Brain
D) Pancreas
E) Kidney
Answer: E
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Inflammation
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15 Verified Questions
15 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/20001
Sample Questions
Q1) A bacterial throat infection ("strep throat")is associated with a white exudates surrounded by reddened mucosa.This is an example of:
A) Serous inflammation
B) Fibrinous inflammation
C) Abscess
D) Gangrene
E) Ulcerative inflammation
Answer: B
Q2) What is mediated by prostaglandins that are released by pyrogens in the hypothalamic center?
A) Swelling
B) Pain
C) Inflammation
D) Sweating
E) Fever
Answer: E
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Chapter 3: Immunopathology
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20 Verified Questions
20 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/20002
Sample Questions
Q1) Which type of cell is primed to differentiate into immunoglobulin-producing plasma cells?
A) Lymphocytes
B) Monocytes
C) B cells
D) T cells
E) MALT
Answer: C
Q2) When incompatible blood types are mixed,the antibodies in the serum attach to red blood cells,causing which reaction?
A) Agglutination
B) Rh incompatibility
C) Maternofetal incompatibility
D) Hemolytic disease
E) Erythroblastosis fetalis
Answer: A
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Neoplasia
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20 Verified Questions
20 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The incidence of which cancer has been rising in the United States during the past 20 years?
A) Carcinoma of the lung
B) Carcinoma of the liver
C) Carcinoma of the stomach
D) Carcinoma of the thyroid
E) Malignant brain tumors
Q2) The most important risk factor(s)for breast and colon cancer is (are):
A) Hormonal imbalance and advanced age
B) Smoking and promiscuity
C) Sun exposure and family history
D) Smoking
E) Family history of cancer in those locations
Q3) The most important source of chemical carcinogens in the human habitat is:
A) Cigarette smoke
B) Asbestos
C) Air pollution
D) Food additives
E) Pesticides in the food
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Page 6
Chapter 5: Genetic and Developmental Diseases
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20 Verified Questions
20 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/20004
Sample Questions
Q1) Children born with a small cranium and jaw,a thin upper lip,and palpebral abnormalities,and have a lower than normal IQ demonstrate classic signs of:
A) Cystic fibrosis
B) Fetal alcohol syndrome
C) Cleft lip
D) Dwarfism
E) TORCH syndrome
Q2) Which of the following is a basic feature of autosomal dominant traits?
A) The trait is apparent in homozygotes
B) The affected heterozygote has a 75% chance of transmitting the gene to each child
C) The trait is expressed in every other generation
D) The unaffected children of a symptomatic carrier do not transmit the trait
E) The gene accounting for the trait can be located on any of the 46 chromosomes
Q3) Children born with a fragile X chromosome suffer from:
A) Muscle weakness
B) Blindness
C) Spinal cord deformities
D) Mental retardation
E) Glucose intolerance
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Chapter 6: Fluid and Hemodynamic Disorders
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25 Verified Questions
25 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/20005
Sample Questions
Q1) Ingrowth of granulation tissue into a venous thrombus is called:
A) Conglutination
B) Sedimentation
C) Margination
D) Organization
E) Infarction
Q2) Iron deficiency anemia develops most often as a result of:
A) Hematemesis
B) Hematuria
C) Metrorrhagia
D) Hemothorax
E) Hemopericardium
Q3) Melena is a typical complication of:
A) Rectal ulcer
B) Gastric ulcer
C) Skin ulcer
D) Heart failure
E) Venous thrombosis
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8
Chapter 7: The Cardiovascular System
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20 Verified Questions
20 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/20006
Sample Questions
Q1) Lymph fluid is different than blood because it contains:
A) Red blood cells and white blood cells
B) Red blood cells and clotting factors
C) Red blood cells only
D) White blood cells only
E) Clotting factors only
Q2) The patient presents with edema in the lower extremities,ascites,dyspnea with activity,and inability to concentrate.You suspect the patient is suffering from:
A) Myocardial infarction
B) Congestive heart failure
C) Ventricular aneurysm
D) Severe hypertension
E) Angina pectoris
Q3) The most common complication of rheumatic endocarditis is:
A) Bacterial endocarditis
B) Viral endocarditis
C) Fungal myocarditis
D) Parasitic endocarditis
E) Pulmonary embolism
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Page 9
Chapter 8: The Respiratory System
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20 Verified Questions
20 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The most important cause of emphysema is:
A) Cigarette smoking
B) Air pollution in the cities
C) Tuberculosis
D) AIDS
E) Asthma
Q2) The most common of all the infections of the respiratory tract is:
A) Upper respiratory infection
B) Laryngitis
C) Tracheitis
D) Pneumonia
E) Pleuritis
Q3) Which of the following is the primary cause of atelectasis in premature neonates?
A) Pneumothorax
B) Deficiency of surfactant
C) Compression of the lungs from outside
D) Resorption of air distal to bronchial obstruction
E) Empyema
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Chapter 9: The Hematopoietic and Lymphoid System
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20 Verified Questions
20 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Fibrin split products are typically found in the urine of patients who have:
A) Hemophilia A
B) Hemophilia B
C) Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)
D) Aplastic anemia
E) Thrombocytopenia
Q2) All of the following findings are typical of secondary polycythemia except:
A) Increased number of red blood cells in circulation
B) Hyperviscosity of the blood
C) Increased number of erythroid precursors in the bone marrow
D) Increased incidence of thrombi
E) Association with myelodysplastic syndromes
Q3) All of the following are hemolytic anemias caused by red blood cell abnormalities (intracorpuscular defects)except:
A) Sickle cell anemia
B) Hereditary spherocytosis
C) Thalassemia major
D) Thalassemia minor
E) Autoimmune hemolytic anemia
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Page 11
Chapter 10: The Gastrointestinal System
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20 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is a life-threatening condition that occurs in the lower intestinal tract?
A) Ulcerative colitis
B) Gangrenous appendicitis
C) Rotavirus
D) Giardia lamblia
E) Esophageal varices
Q2) Most malignant tumors of the esophagus are histologically classified as:
A) Adenocarcinoma
B) Transitional cell carcinoma
C) Small-cell carcinoma
D) Squamous cell carcinoma
E) Sarcoma
Q3) The best serologic marker of carcinoma of the colon is:
A) Alpha-fetoprotein
B) Carcinoembryonic antigen
C) Chorionic gonadotropin
D) Alkaline phosphatase
E) Acid phosphatase
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Page 12
Chapter 11: The Liver and Biliary System
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25 Verified Questions
25 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/20010
Sample Questions
Q1) All of the following are major functions of the liver except:
A) Excretory
B) Metabolic
C) Storage
D) Neuroendocrine
E) Synthetic
Q2) Which hepatitis virus most commonly results in cirrhosis in the United States?
A) HAV
B) HBV
C) HCV
D) HDV
E) HEV
Q3) Which serum enzyme is the most reliable marker of extrahepatic biliary obstruction?
A) Alanine aminotransferase
B) Aspartate aminotransferase
C) Creatine kinase
D) Amylase
E) Alkaline phosphatase
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13
Chapter 12: The Pancreas
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25 Verified Questions
25 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/20011
Sample Questions
Q1) Inadequate secretion of pancreatic digestive juices in chronic pancreatitis causes:
A) Constipation
B) Dilation of the intestines
C) Atrophy of the mucosa of the small intestine
D) Malabsorption
E) Jaundice
Q2) Peritoneal rigidity signals the onset of peritonitis,which is usually accompanied by:
A) Edema of the head of the pancreas
B) Hemorrhage into the peripancreatic tissue
C) Necrosis of peripancreatic fat tissue
D) Foci of saponification around the pancreas
E) Paralytic ileus
Q3) Acute pancreatitis can be induced experimentally by what method?
A) Obstruction of the main pancreatic duct
B) Obstruction of the secondary pancreatic duct
C) Physical injury of the pancreatic acinar cells
D) Drugs that stimulate the production of pancreatic acinar cells
E) Removal of bile from the main pancreatic duct
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Chapter 13: The Urinary Tract
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20 Verified Questions
20 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/20012
Sample Questions
Q1) The most common urinary stones are composed of:
A) Calcium phosphate
B) Magnesium ammonium sulfate
C) Uric acid
D) Cystine
E) Xanthine
Q2) Patients who develop chronic renal failure or end-stage renal disease require:
A) Nephrectomy
B) Dialysis
C) Blood transfusions
D) Corticosteroid treatments
E) Ultrasonic targeting
Q3) Biopsy specimens used to confirm bladder cancer are obtained by:
A) Urine specimen
B) Blood urea nitrogen
C) KUB x-ray examination
D) Cystoscopy
E) Abdominal surgery
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Chapter 14: The Male Reproductive System
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20 Verified Questions
20 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/20013
Sample Questions
Q1) An infertile man is found to have no scrotal testicles.The most likely diagnosis is:
A) Klinefelter's syndrome
B) Polyorchidism
C) Cryptorchidism
D) Orchitis
E) Epididymo-orchitis
Q2) Genital herpes typically presents as:
A) Painful prostatic enlargement
B) Epididymitis
C) Infertility
D) Urethral papilloma
E) Vesicles on the penis
Q3) Most genital infections in males are:
A) Hematogenous
B) Lymphogenous
C) Sexually transmitted
D) Caused by HIV
E) Found before puberty
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16
Chapter 15: The Female Reproductive System
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25 Verified Questions
25 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is part of the external female genitalia?
A) Vagina
B) Vulva
C) Cervix
D) Endometrium
E) Fallopian tube
Q2) Inflammation of the fallopian tubes is called:
A) Cervicitis
B) Endometritis
C) Salpingitis
D) Oophoritis
E) Vulvovaginitis
Q3) A Pap smear is most appropriate for early detection of:
A) Choriocarcinoma
B) Carcinoma of the ovary
C) Endometrial carcinoma
D) Carcinoma of the cervix
E) Leiomyoma
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Chapter 16: The Breast
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20 Verified Questions
20 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/20015
Sample Questions
Q1) Acute mastitis is most often caused by:
A) Staphylococcus
B) Escherichia coli
C) Mycobacterium tuberculosis
D) Herpesvirus
E) Toxoplasma gondii
Q2) In which region of the breast do 50% of breast carcinomas occur?
A) Upper medial quadrant
B) Lower medial quadrant
C) Upper lateral quadrant
D) Lower lateral quadrant
E) Underneath the areola
Q3) On the histologic grading scale for tumors,which grade is the worst?
A) 0
B) 1
C) 2
D) 3
E) Depends on staging of the tumor
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18
Chapter 17: The Endocrine System
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30 Verified Questions
30 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Thyroid enlargement is most often caused by:
A) Graves' disease
B) Papillary carcinoma
C) Follicular carcinoma
D) Medullary carcinoma
E) Idiopathic goiter
Q2) Which endocrine organ is located intracranially inside the sella turcica?
A) Pituitary
B) Parathyroid
C) Thyroid
D) Adrenal
E) Pancreas
Q3) Amenorrhea and galactorrhea are typically produced by tumors that are classified as:
A) Pituitary carcinoma
B) Somatostatinoma
C) Glucagonoma
D) Prolactinoma
E) Corticotropic adenoma
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Page 19
Chapter 18: The Skin
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20 Verified Questions
20 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/20017
Sample Questions
Q1) Diabetes predisposes the skin to:
A) Tumors
B) Autoimmune diseases
C) Infections
D) Hyperplasia
E) Hyperpigmentation
Q2) A rash that the typically begins between the toes and spreads locally is known as:
A) Tinea unguium
B) Tinea corporis
C) Tinea cruris
D) Tinea capitis
E) Tinea pedis
Q3) Bacteria that have developed resistance to antibiotics have become a major source of hospital-acquired infections.The most prominent is:
A) MRSA
B) AIDS
C) Staphylococci
D) Streptococci
E) Staphylococcus aureus
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Page 20
Chapter 19: Bones and Joints
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30 Verified Questions
30 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following diseases has the highest incidence among postmenopausal women?
A) Osteoporosis
B) Osteopetrosis
C) Osteomalacia
D) Achondroplasia
E) Osteomyelitis
Q2) Osteomyelitis of long bones is most often caused by:
A) Viruses
B) Pyogenic cocci
C) Mycobacterium tuberculosis
D) Fungi
E) Parasites
Q3) If the overlying skin is intact,a fracture is considered:
A) Open
B) Closed
C) Pathologic
D) Simple
E) Complex
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Page 21
Chapter 20: Muscles and Peripheral Nerves
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is a typical "upper neuron injury"?
A) Polymyositis
B) Guillain-Barré syndrome
C) Spinal cord injury caused by traffic accident
D) Diabetic neuropathy
E) Lead poisoning
Q2) Malignant tumor of striated muscle is called:
A) Leiomyosarcoma
B) Rhabdomyosarcoma
C) Liposarcoma
D) Synovial sarcoma
E) Malignant fibrous histiocytoma
Q3) Duchenne's muscular dystrophy is inherited as a(n):
A) Autosomal dominant trait
B) Autosomal recessive trait
C) Sex-linked recessive trait
D) Sex-linked dominant trait
E) Polygenic trait
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22
Chapter 21: The Nervous System
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Sample Questions
Q1) St.Louis encephalitis is transmitted by:
A) Dust inhalation
B) Living in close quarters
C) Mosquito and tick bites
D) Sexual contact
E) Kissing
Q2) Ruptured saccular congenital aneurysms,so-called berry aneurysms,cause hemorrhage that is best classified as:
A) Subdural
B) Epidural
C) Subarachnoid
D) Intraventricular
E) Intracerebral
Q3) Which disease can be transmitted by corneal transplantation?
A) Huntington's disease
B) Alzheimer's disease
C) Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
D) Meningococcal meningitis
E) Parkinson's disease
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Page 23
Chapter 22: The Eye
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20 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/20021
Sample Questions
Q1) The most important complication of untreated glaucoma is:
A) Conjunctivitis
B) Keratitis
C) Iridocyclitis
D) Retinitis
E) Loss of eyesight
Q2) Known as the "blind spot," this part of the retina cannot receive light signals.It is known as the:
A) Optic nerve
B) Optic disk
C) Fovea
D) Rods
E) Cones
Q3) A primary malignant tumor of the eye in a 3-month-old child is most likely:
A) Melanoma
B) Basal cell carcinoma
C) Squamous cell carcinoma
D) Retinoblastoma
E) Glioblastoma
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Page 24
Chapter 23: The Ear
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20 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/20022
Sample Questions
Q1) Conductive hearing loss may be caused by:
A) Trauma to the tympanic membrane
B) Streptomycin
C) Antimalarial drugs
D) Tumor of the acoustic nerve
E) Brain injury
Q2) The ceruminous glands produce a greasy substance known as earwax and are located in the:
A) External auditory canal
B) Internal auditory canal
C) Middle ear
D) Inner ear
E) Tympanic membrane
Q3) What type of tumor accounts for most tumor-related hearing loss?
A) Squamous cell carcinoma of the auricle
B) Basal cell carcinoma of the external ear
C) Acoustic neuroma of cranial nerve VIII
D) Neurilemoma of cranial nerve VII
E) Pituitary adenoma
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Page 25