Fundamentals of Diagnostic Imaging Exam
Solutions
Course Introduction
Fundamentals of Diagnostic Imaging provides an in-depth introduction to the principles, techniques, and applications of medical imaging technologies. The course covers the foundational physics behind imaging modalities such as X-ray, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), ultrasound, and nuclear medicine. Students will explore the scientific basis for image formation, contrast mechanisms, safety considerations, and the interpretive value of each modality in clinical diagnosis. Emphasis is placed on understanding the appropriate selection and integration of imaging techniques in the assessment and management of various diseases, as well as recognizing the limitations and potential risks associated with each diagnostic method.
Recommended Textbook
Essentials of Radiographic Physics and Imaging 2nd Edition by James Johnston
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16 Chapters
1530 Verified Questions
1530 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Introduction to the Imaging Sciences
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76 Verified Questions
76 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the velocity of a baseball that travels 15 meters in 2 seconds?
A)7.5 N.
B)7.5 m/s².
C)7.5 J.
D)7.5 m/s.
Answer: D
Q2) The device that restricts the x-ray beam to the area of interest is the A)tube housing
B)collimator
C)mirror
D)crosshair
Answer: B
Q3) In the SI system the unit of measure for mass is A)pound
B)gram
C)kilogram
D)ton
Answer: C
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3
Chapter 2: Structure of the Atom
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Sample Questions
Q1) Except for the K shell,the maximum number of electrons that can be in the outermost shell of an atom is
A)4
B)8
C)16
D)32
Answer: B
Q2) Electron shells are the hard coating around the electron.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) The earliest atomic theory based on an arrangement similar to the solar system is attributed to
A)Bohr
B)Rutherford
C)Dalton
D)Thomson
Answer: B
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Electromagnetic and Particulate Radiation
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58 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The formula v = fl can be used to calculate the ______________ and ____________ of an electromagnetic wave.
A)velocity;wavelength
B)wavelength;frequency
C)frequency;velocity
D)all of the above
Answer: B
Q2) An object we see as black is _______________ all of the wavelengths of visible light.
A)absorbing
B)diffusing
C)reflecting
D)changing
Answer: A
Q3) As a wave's wavelength increases,its frequency
A)stays the same
B)increases
C)decreases
D)it depends on the type of electromagnetic radiation
Answer: C
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Chapter 4: The X-Ray Circuit
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152 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A general purpose radiographic tube typically has ____ filament(s).
A)one
B)two
C)three
D)four
Q2) Water is a good conductor.
A)True
B)False
Q3) A material that is weakly repelled by a magnetic field is classified as
A)nonmagnetic
B)paramagnetic
C)ferromagnetic
D)diamagnetic
Q4) Which of the following is NOT a good electrical conductor?
A)Gold.
B)Copper.
C)Glass.
D)Water.
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Page 6
Chapter 5: The X-Ray Tube
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Sample Questions
Q1) The size of the actual focal spot depends on
A)the size of the anode
B)the size of the cathode filament being used
C)the size of the effective focal spot
D)the size of the tube
Q2) The most common x-ray tube target angle is
A)2 degrees
B)8 degrees
C)12 degrees
D)18 degrees
Q3) The primary advantage of a rotating anode is that it allows
A)greater heat capacity at the anode
B)less heat capacity at the anode
C)greater heat capacity at the cathode
D)less heat capacity at the cathode
Q4) Pitting of the anode is the result of
A)very long exposure times
B)high exposures
C)failure to warm up the tube
D)all of the above
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Chapter 6: X-Ray Production
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Sample Questions
Q1) With the x-ray emission spectrum,the discrete line is the highest energy ___________________ bar.
A)J-characteristic
B)K-characteristic
C)L-characteristic
D)M-characteristic
Q2) When the kVp is changed from 60 to 120,the discrete line on the x-ray emission spectrum shifts to the right.
A)True
B)False
Q3) A discrete emission spectrum is a graphic representation of A)characteristic radiation
B)bremsstrahlung radiation
C)remnant radiation
D)A and B
E)B and C
Q4) As filament electrons enter the anode target,most interact with inner shell electrons of the tungsten atoms.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 7: X-Ray Interactions With Matter
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Sample Questions
Q1) Reducing the amount of Compton scattering
A)is impossible
B)is extremely difficult to accomplish
C)is very important in producing quality images
D)all of the above
Q2) The effect of classical scatter interactions on image quality
A)is significant
B)is minimal
C)is that quality is improved
D)B and C
Q3) The most radiosensitive molecule in the body is
A)DNA
B)RNA
C)nerve cells
D)gonadal cells
Q4) A positron is
A)the same as an electron
B)a positively charged electron
C)the same as a proton
D)a positively charged neutron
Page 9
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Chapter 8: Image Production
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66 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In producing a radiographic image,which of the following occurs first?
A)Differential absorption.
B)Quality and quantity of x-ray beam is set at console.
C)Radiation interacts with image receptor.
D)Radiation exits the patient with different energies.
Q2) Coherent scattering
A)is a significant interaction during radiographic imaging
B)has minimal effect on the imaging process
C)never affects the diagnostic image
D)none of the above
Q3) Chemical processing is used to create the manifest image in
A)film-screen imaging
B)digital imaging
C)film-screen and digital imaging
Q4) The latent image that is formed on the image receptor is the
A)visible image
B)invisible image
C)A and B
D)none of the above
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Chapter 9: Image Quality and Characteristics
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129 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Radiographic contrast
A)produces sharper structural lines in the image
B)improves the magnification of the image
C)allows visibility of anatomic structures
D)A and C
Q2) The lowest amount of optical density found on the sensitometric curve is the
A)base plus fog (B + F)
B)shoulder region
C)toe region
D)straight-line region
Q3) The anatomic area being imaged is the A)matrix
B)FOV
C)pixel
D)bit depth
Q4) The sharpness of recorded detail has no effect on the visibility of the structure.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 10: Radiographic Exposure Technique
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135 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The distance between the x-ray focal spot and the object being imaged is the A)OID
B)SID
C)MF
D)SOD
Q2) For most pediatric examinations,it is recommended that the kVp
A)be reduced by 15%
B)be increased by 15%
C)be reduced by 50%
D)be increased by 50%
Q3) If 25 mAs produce a good-density film image when a 6:1 ratio grid is used,how much mAs should be used with a 12:1 ratio grid?
A)13 mAs.
B)15 mAs.
C)42 mAs.
D)50 mAs.
Q4) Shape distortion is only due to misalignment of the tube or part.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 11: Scatter Control
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80 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Focused grids are more effective than parallel grids in absorbing scatter radiation and allowing transmitted radiation to reach the IR.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which of the following grids provides excellent scatter clean-up but requires close to perfect alignment to avoid cutoff?
A)5:1 ratio grid.
B)8:1 ratio grid.
C)12:1 ratio grid.
D)16:1 ratio grid.
Q3) Adding a grid or increasing grid ratio results in an increase in patient dose.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Restriction of the primary beam to the anatomy of interest
A)reduces patient exposure
B)is a major cause of repeated images
C)reduces the amount of scatter produced
D)A and C
E)B and C
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Chapter 12: Image Receptors
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176 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Because digital systems are more sensitive to low-energy radiation,which of the following scatter-control methods are recommended?
A)Precise collimation limits the area of exposed tissues and amount of scatter that can be produced
B)Use of post-processing masks and cropping tools can be used to collimate the area of exposed tissues
C)The use of a grid reduces the amount of scatter reaching the image receptor
D)A and B
E)A and C
Q2) Having a reflective layer in an intensifying screen results in the screen having a(n)________ screen speed
A)slower
B)faster
C)identical
Q3) The developer solution
A)is acidic
B)is alkaline
C)removes silver halide from the film
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Chapter 13: Exposure Technique Selection
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Sample Questions
Q1) Phototimer AEC devices convert the radiation to light energy.
A)True
B)False
Q2) AEC devices should be calibrated
A)when the unit is first installed
B)at regular intervals
C)when there is a change in the type of IR being used
D)All of the above
Q3) The testing to see that the AEC device terminates the exposure at the same level of exposure,regardless of variations in other factors such as kVp or patient thickness is checking for __________________ and optical densities should be within +/-
A)reproducibility;0.1
B)calibration;2
C)consistency;0.2
D)none of the above
Q4) The amount of electric charge produced in an AEC detector depends on the amount of radiation absorbed by the detector.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 14: Image Intensified Fluoroscopy
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Sample Questions
Q1) The _______________________ is bonded directly to the input phosphor.
A)input phosphor
B)output phosphor
C)photocathode
D)accelerating anode
Q2) A large fill factor refers to
A)the entire detector being filled with x-rays
B)the entire detector needing a large amount of x-rays to produce an image
C)a large area of the pixel being sensitive to x-rays
D)a small area of the pixel being sensitive to x-rays
Q3) Each electron that interacts with the output phosphor results in significantly fewer light photons being produced in comparison with the number of light photons it took to release that electron.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Magnification of the fluoroscopic image results in improved
A)brightness
B)spatial resolution
C)contrast
D)exposure
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Chapter 15: Additional Equipment
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Sample Questions
Q1) A common site for mobile fluoroscopy is
A)in the patient's room
B)in the radiology department
C)in nursing home
D)in the operating room
Q2) When operating mobile C-arm fluoroscopic equipment,it is the
responsibility to monitor and apply radiation safety measures.
A)surgeon's
B)radiographer's
C)radiologist's
D)anesthesiologist's
Q3) The dedicated unit designed to image the thorax in the upright position is the A)chest
B)panorex
C)mammography
D)bone densitometry
Q4) A dedicated unit is one that is designed for specific imaging procedures
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 16: Computed Tomography
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136 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The WL should be set
A)at 0
B)above 0
C)below 0
D)near the CT number of the anatomy to be visualized
Q2) The individual credited with inventing the CT scanner is
A)Thomas Edison
B)Wilhelm Roentgen
C)Marie Curie
D)Godfrey Hounsfield
Q3) A tissue that attenuates fewer x-rays than water has a CT number
A)0
B)greater than 0
C)less than 0
D)unable to determine unless more is known
Q4) The range of CT numbers visible in the CT image is determined by the
A)window level
B)window height
C)window width
D)window clearance
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