Fundamentals of Chemistry
Exam Solutions
Course Introduction
Fundamentals of Chemistry introduces students to the foundational concepts and principles that underpin the science of chemistry. Topics covered include the structure of atoms, elements, and compounds, chemical bonding, stoichiometry, periodic trends, states of matter, thermochemistry, and basic chemical reactions. The course emphasizes both theoretical understanding and practical application, providing students with a solid grounding in laboratory techniques and scientific reasoning. Through lectures, laboratory experiments, and problem-solving exercises, students develop critical thinking skills necessary for further studies in chemistry and related scientific disciplines.
Recommended Textbook Chemistry For Changing Times 14th Edition by
John W. Hill
Available Study Resources on Quizplus
22 Chapters
2966 Verified Questions
2966 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/study-set/861
Page 2
Chapter 1: Chemistry
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
167 Verified Questions
167 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/17087
Sample Questions
Q1) Water has a density of 1.00 g/mL.If you put an object that has a density of 0.79 g/mL into water,it will sink to the bottom.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) The melting point of a compound is 2400 K.What is this temperature on the Celsius scale?
A)2673°C
B)2300°C
C)2188°C
D)2127°C
Answer: D
Q3) "Better Living Through Chemistry" was a slogan used
A)by morphine users.
B)by Cheech and Chong on their television series.
C)in the television show Breaking Bad each time that a batch of meth was produced.
D)at Dupont in the 1970s.
Answer: D
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 3
Chapter 2: Atoms
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
100 Verified Questions
100 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/17088
Sample Questions
Q1) John Dalton discovered which of the following laws?
A)The Law of Conservation of Mass
B)The Law of Definite Proportions
C)The Law of Constant Composition
D)The Law of Multiple Proportions
Answer: D
Q2) The ability to recycle aluminum (or glass,or plastic)is ultimately an illustration of
A)the Law of the Conservation of Mass.
B)the Law of Definite Proportions.
C)the ingenuity of chemists.
D)the Law of Multiple Proportions.
Answer: A
Q3) Lavoisier performed many of the same experiments as his predecessors.The one thing that most distinguished Lavoisier's work was
A)the results.
B)the mass measurements.
C)the chemicals.
D)the glassware.
Answer: B
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Page 4
Chapter 3: Atomic Structure
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
190 Verified Questions
190 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/17089
Sample Questions
Q1) The mass of a nucleon is A)1 gram.
B)1 atomic mass unit (u).
C)equivalent to the mass of the electron.
D)0)
Answer: B
Q2) The ground state electron configuration for sodium is
A)1s² 2s² 2p 3s² 3p .
B)1s² 2s² 2p 3s¹.
C)1s² 2s² 2p .
D)1s² 2s² 2p 3s² 3p 4s¹.
Answer: B
Q3) Which type of radioactivity has a negative charge?
A)alpha, B)beta, C)gamma, D)delta,
Answer: B
Q4) Potassium has ________ valence electron(s).
Answer: one
Page 5
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 4: Chemical Bonds
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
189 Verified Questions
189 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/17090
Sample Questions
Q1) When barium reacts with iodine,barium ions,Ba² ,and iodide ions,I ,are formed.In this reaction,iodine atoms
A)lose electrons.
B)gain electrons.
C)lose protons.
D)gain protons.
Q2) Which of the following compounds is NOT polar?
A)CBr
B)CH F
C)NF
D)NH I
Q3) The inertness of the noble gases is due to
A)the outermost shell has six electrons.
B)the number of protons and neutrons.
C)the bonds they form with other elements.
D)the outermost shell has an octet of electrons, except for helium which has two electrons.
Q4) Write the electron dot symbol for selenium.
Q5) What is the formula of copper(I)sulfide?
Q6) What is the name of the compound with the formula,K S?
Page 6
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 5: Chemical Accounting
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
103 Verified Questions
103 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/17091
Sample Questions
Q1) When the equation below is balanced,the coefficient of copper is:
Zn + CuSO ZnSO + Cu
A)0
B)1
C)2
D)3
Q2) The total number of each type of atom must be the same on both sides of an equation in order to satisfy the
A)Law of Combining Volumes.
B)Law of Conservation of Matter.
C)Law of Constant Composition.
D)Law of Multiple Proportions.
Q3) Which of the following does NOT contain Avogadro's number of particles?
A)1)0 mole of silver
B)23 g of sodium
C)6)02 × 10²³ atoms of aluminum
D)12 g of water
Q4) Balance the equation: AlCl + H SO Al (SO ) + HCl.
Q5) Balance the equation: Cu + AgNO Cu(NO ) + Ag
Q6) Balance the equation: Zn + CuSO ZnSO + Cu
Page 7
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 6: Gases, Liquids, Solids, and Intermolecular Forces
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
80 Verified Questions
80 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/17092
Sample Questions
Q1) Which state of matter is characterized by having molecules close together,but moving randomly?
A)gas
B)liquid
C)solid
D)all of these
Q2) The temperature at which a liquid becomes a gas is called the A)melting point.
B)boiling point.
C)sublimation point.
D)decomposition point.
Q3) Supercritical water and scCO are "generally regarded as safe" by the U.S.Food and Drug Administration and are often used in the food industry.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The process by which a gas is converted to a liquid is called A)condensation.
B)melting.
C)vaporization.
D)sublimation.
Page 8
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 7: Acids and Bases
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
126 Verified Questions
126 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/17093
Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is a correct definition of a base that is not dependent upon the solvent?
A)Bases produce hydronium ions.
B)Bases are proton donors.
C)Bases produce hydroxide ions.
D)Bases are proton acceptors.
Q2) Which of the following is NOT true of the Arrhenius theory?
A)Acids are defined as compounds that produce H ions in water solution.
B)Bases are defined as compounds that produce OH ions in water solution.
C)Arrhenius theory only applies to reactions in aqueous solution.
D)Acids are defined as compounds that produce OH ions in water solution.
Q3) When the pH of the blood is too high,the condition is called
A)acidosis.
B)alkalosis.
C)hyperacidity.
D)anemia.
Q4) Many acid-base indicators can be extracted from fruit skins or flower petals.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Why are acids sometimes referred to as "proton donors?"
Page 9
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 8: Oxidation and Reduction
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
116 Verified Questions
116 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/17094
Sample Questions
Q1) When hydrogen is added to a compound,which of the following can act as a catalyst?
A)P
B)C
C)S
D)Pd
Q2) A substance which lowers the activation energy of a chemical reaction is called a(n)
A)reducing agent.
B)catalyst.
C)oxidizing agent.
D)carcinogen.
Q3) Consider the following reaction: 2 Fe + 3 Mg² 2 Fe³ + 3 Mg
The half-reaction for the reduction in this reaction is
A)Fe Fe³ + 3 e
B)Fe³ + 3 e Fe
C)Mg Mg² + 2 e
D)Mg² + 2 e Mg
Q4) The air that we breathe is composed of approximately ________% oxygen by volume.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 10
Chapter 9: Organic Chemistry
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
186 Verified Questions
186 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/17095
Sample Questions
Q1) The first recorded synthesis of an organic compound in a scientific laboratory was by
A)Isaac Newton in 1665.
B)Benjamin Franklin in 1788.
C)Friedrich Wöhler in 1828.
D)Thomas Edison in 1888.
Q2) There are many isomeric amines with the formula C H N.Draw and name three isomers.
Q3) The formula for butane is A)C H .
B)C H .
C)C H .
D)C H .
Q4) The non-carbon atom(s)generally found in heterocyclic compounds is/are A)sulfur.
B)sulfur and nitrogen.
C)sulfur, nitrogen and oxygen.
D)halogens.
Q5) Draw the structure of a compound that is an isomer of benzene.
Q6) The name of the one carbon alkane is ________.
Page 11
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 10: Polymers
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
136 Verified Questions
136 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/17096
Sample Questions
Q1) Plasticizers are liquids of low volatility which can be lost by diffusion or evaporation as a plastic material ages.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The word monomer means
A)one bond.
B)one unit.
C)many bonds.
D)many rings.
Q3) Plastics make up ________ percent by mass of solid waste.
A)12
B)5
C)25
D)30
Q4) A polymer that conducts electricity is A)polyacetylene.
B)polyethylene.
C)polyvinyl chloride. D)polystyrene.
Q5) Draw part of the repeating structure of polymethyl methacrylate.
Page 12
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 11: Nuclear Chemistry
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
122 Verified Questions
122 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/17097
Sample Questions
Q1) Give a use for depleted uranium.
A)design jewelry
B)form car bodies
C)make coins
D)make armor plating
Q2) In nuclear fusion,
A)large unstable nuclei are fused together, and then split with the release of binding energy.
B)large, relatively unstable, nuclei are split releasing binding energy.
C)small, relatively stable, nuclei are split releasing binding energy.
D)smaller, relatively stable, nuclei are forced together to create a larger nucleus with the release of binding energy.
Q3) The process of alpha decay results in what change in the atomic number?
A)a decrease of 2
B)a decrease of 1
C)an increase of 1
D)no change
Q4) It will take three half-lives for all of a radioactive sample to decay.
A)True
B)False
Page 13
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 12: Chemistry of the Earth
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
106 Verified Questions
106 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/17098
Sample Questions
Q1) Which one of the following materials is longest lasting?
A)ceramics
B)concrete
C)glass
D)plastic
Q2) The amount of iron on the earth today as compared to the amount of iron 120 years ago (approximately the beginnings of the Industrial Revolution)
A)is less.
B)is essentially the same.
C)is more.
D)cannot be estimated or predicted.
Q3) In the United States,there are adequate reserves of high-grade ores of iron and copper.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The properties of steel can be altered by the addition of metals,such as manganese or chromium,to the alloy.
A)True
B)False
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 14
Chapter 13: Air
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
146 Verified Questions
146 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/17099
Sample Questions
Q1) Nitrogen is converted to nitrates by which of the following reactions?
A)N + O + energy(lightning) 2 NO
B)2 NO + O 2 NO
C)3 NO + H O 2 HNO + NO
D)All of these reactions are involved in converting nitrogen to nitrates.
Q2) Describe the oxygen cycle.Use specific examples to illustrate the cyclic nature of the cycle.
Q3) Even if all CFC production could be stopped today,the ozone depletion problem in the stratosphere would continue for many years because
A)some nations would not follow the ban.
B)CFCs are produced naturally in the troposphere.
C)CFCs are widespread and very stable in the troposphere.
D)ozone is naturally depleted by sunlight.
Q4) Which of the following statements about catalytic converters is NOT correct?
A)The reaction surface area is unrelated to the efficiency of the converter.
B)They use a metal catalyst such as Pt or Pd.
C)They catalyze the conversion of hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides to less harmful compounds.
D)The catalyst adheres either to a honeycomb support or to small ceramic beads.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 15
Chapter 14: Water
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
117 Verified Questions
117 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/17100
Sample Questions
Q1) The majority of fresh water is found in A)lakes.
B)groundwater.
C)polar ice caps.
D)rivers and streams.
Q2) Nitrates contaminate many wells in agricultural areas.Why?
Q3) VOC stands for ________.
Q4) Acid rain results in the release of more magnesium ions from soil.
A)True
B)False
Q5) The EPA drinking water standard for arsenic is 0.040 mg/L.What is this concentration in ppm?
A)0)040
B)4
C)40
D)4000
Q6) What are two relatively unique physical properties of water? What impact do these properties have on life on Earth?
Q7) Describe the phytoremediation of sewage treatment.
Q8) Ice is ________ (less/more)dense than liquid water.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 16
Chapter 15: Energy
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
182 Verified Questions
182 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/17101
Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is NOT a disadvantage of using coal as a fuel source?
A)SO is released and contributes to air pollution.
B)Coal is the least abundant of the fossil fuels.
C)Strip mining is devastating to the environment.
D)The cost of transporting coal to power plants or factories is high.
Q2) What are the limitations of geothermal energy for meeting large scale energy needs?
Q3) The basic process for converting coal to a synthetic gaseous fuel involves
A)the hydrogenation of carbon.
B)the reduction of carbon by hydrogen.
C)the oxidation of carbon.
D)the reduction of carbon by oxygen.
Q4) Hydrogen gas has been proposed as a fuel of the future because
A)it can be obtained cheaply by drilling.
B)it can be extracted from seawater with no energy expenditure.
C)it is nonflammable.
D)it burns to produce water.
Q5) There are several factors that can cause a chemical reaction to proceed faster.One such factor is ________.
Page 17
Q6) What are two advantages and two disadvantages of nuclear power?
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 16: Biochemistry
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
141 Verified Questions
141 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/17102
Sample Questions
Q1) What type of molecule carries the amino acid from the cell fluid to the ribosomes?
A)uracil
B)tRNA
C)guanine
D)DNA
Q2) Enzymes are A)catalysts.
B)structural material.
C)genetic material.
D)nucleic acids.
Q3) The repeating units in both DNA and RNA are called A)monomers.
B)nucleic acids.
C)nucleotides.
D)amino acids.
Q4) The bond that holds amino acids together to form the backbone of a protein is called a(n)________ bond.
Q5) Starch and Cellulose are examples of ________.
Q6) The largest structure in a cell is usually the ________.
Page 18
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 17: Food
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
154 Verified Questions
154 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/17103
Sample Questions
Q1) Aflatoxin B is a(n)
A)antioxidant.
B)carcinogen found in moldy peanuts.
C)mold inhibitor.
D)vitamin.
Q2) A humectant is a moisturizing agent.
A)True B)False
Q3) Calcium is required in our daily diet.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Complex carbohydrates are essentially polymers of A)glucose.
B)fatty acids.
C)nucleic acids.
D)glycerol.
Q5) Wood is ________ percent cellulose and cotton is almost ________ cellulose.
Q6) Fats are stored in adipose tissue in the human body. A)True B)False
Page 19
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 18: Drugs
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
169 Verified Questions
169 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/17104
Sample Questions
Q1) Compare the leading causes of death in the United States in 1900 and 2011.Is there a significant difference? Why?
Q2) Retroviruses are
A)RNA viruses that synthesize DNA.
B)RNA viruses that interfere directly with protein synthesis.
C)DNA viruses that synthesize RNA.
D)DNA viruses that interfere directly with protein synthesis.
Q3) Both isomeric forms of drugs that exist as stereoisomers are equally effective in treatment.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Which of the following statements about vaccines is NOT correct?
A)Smallpox vaccinations are no longer given in the United States.
B)The MMR vaccine should be given to children before they enter kindergarten.
C)There is no proven link between the MMR vaccine and autism.
D)One of the earliest vaccines protected people against smallpox.
Q5) Nucleoside analogs are used to treat AIDS.
A)True
B)False
Q6) What are the three components of addiction?
Page 20
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 19: Fitness and Health
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
104 Verified Questions
104 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/17105
Sample Questions
Q1) An athlete's pre-game meal should consist mainly of
A)carbohydrates.
B)fat.
C)protein.
D)vitamins.
Q2) If a person stops exercising,how long will it take for the muscle to start to shrink?
A)two days
B)one week
C)one month
D)two months
Q3) Anabolic steroids
A)enhance the buildup of muscle tissue.
B)reduce inflammation.
C)increase testicular mass.
D)increase sexual potency.
Q4) The use of performance enhancing drugs has resulted in drug screening at major sports events,such as the Olympics.
A)True
B)False
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 21
Chapter 20: Chemistry Down on the Farm
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
70 Verified Questions
70 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/17106
Sample Questions
Q1) Green plants are the ultimate source of our food.Which of the following statements about the source of the raw materials that plants incorporate into food is NOT correct?
A)Sunlight provides the plant with energy to convert carbon dioxide and water into sugars.
B)Plants obtain carbon, hydrogen and oxygen from air and water.
C)Plants obtain molecular oxygen from the air and incorporate it into sugars.
D)Plants obtain nutrients such as trace metals from the soil.
Q2) Pheromones are
A)chemical substances excreted by insects.
B)a class of organophosphorus pesticides.
C)natural insecticides produced by plants.
D)human sex hormones.
Q3) DDT was NOT effective against A)foxes.
B)grapevine pests.
C)lice.
D)mosquitos.
Q4) An early source of phosphorus for agriculture was ________.
Q5) As the LD of a substance decreases,the toxicity of the substance ________.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 22
Chapter 21: Household Chemicals
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
162 Verified Questions
162 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/17107
Sample Questions
Q1) Deodorants act by
A)breaking down odorous chemicals as they are produced.
B)destroying odor-causing bacteria.
C)producing enzymes.
D)reacting with sweat glands to stop perspiration.
Q2) Skin cream and lipsticks have approximately the same basic composition.What is added to lipsticks to make them more firm?
A)wax
B)cellulose
C)petroleum jelly
D)abrasive
Q3) Perfumes are
A)pure substances.
B)compounds.
C)simple mixtures of compounds.
D)complex mixtures of compounds.
Q4) A soap has a long hydrophilic tail and a charged hydrophobic head.
A)True
B)False
Q5) The three basic ingredients of a paint are ________,________,and ________.
Page 23
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 22: Poisons
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
100 Verified Questions
100 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/17108
Sample Questions
Q1) Name the poison in rosary pea seeds.
Q2) Oxidizing agents like ozone are classified as A)blood agents.
B)nerve poisons.
C)corrosive poisons.
D)carcinogens.
Q3) The study of the behavior of a specific population and cancer incidence is an example of ________ testing for carcinogenic activity.
A)Ames
B)animal
C)epidemiological
D)human
Q4) Many common garden plants are poisonous.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Which of these is considered to be a heavy metal?
A)Se
B)Li
C)Cd
D)I
Page 24
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.