Fundamentals of Chemistry Exam
Questions
Course Introduction
Fundamentals of Chemistry introduces students to the basic concepts, principles, and practices of chemistry. The course covers atomic and molecular structure, chemical bonding, stoichiometry, states of matter, periodic trends, chemical reactions, and thermochemistry. It emphasizes the development of problem-solving skills and laboratory techniques, providing a strong foundation for further study in chemistry and related scientific fields. Through a combination of lectures, discussions, and hands-on experiments, students gain an understanding of how chemical principles apply to everyday life and scientific research.
Recommended Textbook
CHEM2 Chemistry in Your World 2nd Edition by Hogg
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Living in a World of Chemistry
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which is considered a physical science?
A) physics
B) biology
C) zoology
D) botany
Answer: A
Q2) Refrigeration has been used since the late 1800s and early refrigerants were
A) safe.
B) flammable and toxic.
C) inert.
D) fluorine compounds, CFCs.
Answer: B
Q3) The smallest concentration listed below is
A) parts per million.
B) parts per trillion.
C) parts per billion.
D) parts per thousand.
Answer: B
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Chapter 2: The Chemical View of Matter
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following sets, is a list of the symbols for an element and a compound (in that order)?
A) Mg, CO
B) CO, CO<sub>2</sub>
C) CO, Co
D) H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, P
Answer: A
Q2) How many millimeters are in 100 cm?
A) 10
B) 1000
C) 100
D) 1
Answer: B
Q3) Sublimation is a characteristic physical property of
A) chlorine (Cl<sub>2</sub>, liquid).
B) oxygen (O<sub>2</sub>, gas).
C) bromine (Br<sub>2</sub>, liquid).
D) iodine (I<sub>2</sub>, solid).
Answer: D
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Atoms and the Periodic Table
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which element has the following ground state electron configuration
1s<sup>2</sup>2s<sup>2</sup>2p<sup>6</sup>3s<sup>2</sup>3p<sup>6</sup>4s<sup> 1</sup>?
A) Ar
B) Na
C) K
D) Cl
Answer: C
Q2) The element with atomic number 29 is classified as a metal.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) What classification is given to the elements found in the A Groups of the periodic table?
A) representative or main-group
B) transition
C) lanthanide
D) actinide
Answer: A
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Chapter 4: The Air We Breathe
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which is not necessary for photochemical smog?
A) sulfur dioxide
B) sunlight
C) free radicals
D) nitrogen dioxide
Q2) Identify the pair that are allotropes.
A) pencil lead and a diamond
B) oxygen gas and nitrogen gas
C) gold and silver
D) mercury and bromine
Q3) Which substance would be present in the greatest concentration during the morning rush hour on a smoggy day in Los Angeles?
A) NO
B) O<sub>3</sub>
C) NO<sub>2</sub>
D) SO<sub>3</sub>
Q4) Nitrogen and oxygen are the most abundant gases in the atmosphere.
A)True
B)False
Q5) The stratosphere is labeled with the number______.
Page 6
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Chapter 5: Chemical Bonding and States of Matter
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Sample Questions
Q1) Of the following, which is the strongest bond?
A) C:C, single bond
B) C::C, double bond
C) C:::C, triple bond
D) All are of equal strength.
Q2) The relation between gas pressure and volume was discovered by
A) Robert Boyle.
B) G. N. Lewis.
C) Marie Curie.
D) Rutherford.
Q3) Which factor causes more gas to dissolve in a liquid?
A) size of the container opening
B) nature of the container (that is, glass versus metal)
C) increasing the pressure
D) increasing the temperature
Q4) When Na and O combine the bonding will be ionic, while when O combines with S the bonding will be covalent.
A)True
B)False
Q5) If X was the element K and Y the element O, which type of bond would form?
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Chapter 6: Carbon Dioxide and the Greenhouse Effect
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Q1) Which arrow or sets of arrows do not contribute to the warming of the troposphere?
Q2) The gas that is the least efficient in absorbing IR radiation is _________.
Q3) Convert 370 ppm carbon dioxide to a percentage?
A) 0.00037%
B) 0.0037%
C) 0.037%
D) 0.37%
Q4) The concentration of O<sub>3</sub> given in the table is equivalent to ________ppb.
Q5) How is radiation absorbed?
A) by increasing the molecular vibrations of molecules
B) by converting atoms to ions
C) by breaking chemical bonds
D) all of the above
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Chapter 7: Chlorofluorocarbons and the Ozone Layer
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Q1) In order to attain a steady state one reaction must counteract another in a cycle such as that shown. A reaction which could be used to consume ozone is reaction_______.
Q2) Why must the ozone layer in the stratosphere be protected?
A) ozone poisons incoming, unwanted aliens
B) ozone absorbs some incoming ultraviolet light
C) ozone burns up incoming meteorites
D) ozone prevents oxygen from escaping the earth
Q3) A reaction that would serve to decrease the amount of oxygen is reaction
Q4) The reaction requiring a photon of the longest wavelength is reaction ______.
Q5) Which type of radiation is effective at damaging DNA?
A) UV-A
B) UV-B
C) UV-C
D) visible
Q6) Light with a wavelength of 350 nm is classified as UV-A.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 8: Chemical Reactivity: Chemicals in Action
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the coefficient of oxygen when the following molecular equation is correctly balanced? _____NH<sub>3</sub>(g) + _____O<sub>2</sub>(g) \(\to\)_____NO(g) + _____H<sub>2</sub>O(g)
A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
E) 5
Q2) According to the second law of thermodynamics,
A) The quality of energy is conserved, but he quantity of energy is not conserved.
B) Every naturally occurring process produces some entropy.
C) Perpetual motion is possible.
D) Efficiencies of energy transformations are expected to be 100%.
Q3) If a catalyst were added to this reaction, the position of letter ______ would appear lower on the energy scale.
Q4) The molar mass of sulfur trioxide is ________g.
Q5) E<sub>act</sub> is represented by the letter_______.
Q6) The products of the reaction are presented by the letter________.
Q7) The reactants are represented by the letter _______.
Page 10
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Chapter 9: Acid-Base Reactions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Oven cleaner is a basic or alkaline substance while gastric fluid is acidic.
A)True
B)False
Q2) What volume of 0.378 M hydroiodic acid (HI) is required to neutralize 21.6 mL of 0.520
M barium hydroxide, Ba(OH)<sub>2</sub>?
A) 5.83 mL
B) 15.6 mL
C) 29.7 mL
D) 59.4 mL
E) 80.0 mL
Q3) Chemical buffering systems
A) maintain constant pH.
B) consist of a acid and a base pair.
C) absorb added H<sup>+</sup> or OH<sup>-</sup> ions.
D) Buffers do all of the above.
Q4) The symbol, M, related to concentration of solution, refers to
A) much meaning a very concentrated solution.
B) molal concentration.
C) moles of solute dissolved in one liter of solution.
D) mixed meaning the solution has been stirred well.
Page 11
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Chapter 10: Oxidation-Reduction Reactions
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Sample Questions
Q1) A battery which may be recharged is called a(n)
A) primary battery.
B) dry cell.
C) electroplating cell.
D) secondary battery.
Q2) When a zinc strip is placed in a copper(II) sulfate solution,
A) the copper(II) solution will lose its blue color.
B) the zinc will dissolve.
C) black crystals of copper atoms appear.
D) All of the above occur.
Q3) Which of the following are paired correctly?
A) H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> - oxidizing agent
B) NaOCl - reducing agent
C) Cl<sub>2</sub> - reducing agent
D) SO<sub>2</sub> - oxidizing agent
Q4) Antioxidant vitamins
A) react with DNA.
B) donate electrons to free radicals.
C) are reduced.
D) form free radicals in the body.
Page 12
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Chapter 11: Water, Water Everywhere but Not a Drop to Drink
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Sample Questions
Q1) The average number of gallons of water used per person per day in the United States is roughly
A) 20 gal.
B) 40 gal.
C) 60 gal.
D) 91 gal.
Q2) The region that provides a source of water to both surface and ground water resources is indicated by letter _____.
Q3) Which type of industrial product listed below probably does not contribute to hazardous waste problems?
A) petroleum refining
B) plastics manufacturing
C) paint making
D) all of these probably contribute
Q4) The type of well in which pumping is not required to obtain water is shown by letter _____.
Q5) Letter ____ shows the position of an aquifer.
Q6) Surface water is indicated by the letter______.
Q7) The source of water for "G" is region labeled by the letter_____.
Page 13
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Chapter 12: Energy and Hydrocarbons
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Sample Questions
Q1) A compound containing seven carbon atoms could be
A) heptane.
B) octane.
C) hexane.
D) nonane.
Q2) Octane ratings are based on comparison of the fuel being tested with the knocking properties of mixtures of
A) hexane and heptane.
B) isooctane and hexane.
C) isooctane and heptane.
D) heptane and nonane.
Q3) Fractional distillation of petroleum
A) separates and purifies all of the hydrocarbons in crude oil.
B) separates fractions, each of which contain many hydrocarbons.
C) is the final step in refining gasoline.
D) fractions large molecules into smaller ones.
Q4) Among the alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes only the alkanes contain only single bonds.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 13: Nuclear Changes and Nuclear Power
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Sample Questions
Q1) Beta particles, positrons and gamma rays all are considered to have a mass of 0.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The mass numbers of stable isotopes are always twice as large (or larger) than the atomic number.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The fusion of nuclei requires
A) a critical mass.
B) plasma at extremely high temperatures.
C) heavy nuclei.
D) slow moving (thermal) neutrons.
Q4) Which of the following countries generates the least amount of electricity by nuclear fission?
A) France
B) Sweden
C) United States
D) Belgium
Q5) At 80 hours, _____half-lives will have occurred.
Q6) The half-life of element X is _____hours.
Page 15
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Chapter 14: Organic Chemicals and Polymers
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Sample Questions
Q1) This substance could react with an amine to form a(n) ________bond.
Q2) Which is not true of poly-cis-isoprene?
A) It stretches easily.
B) The methyl groups are on the same side of the molecular chain.
C) It occurs naturally.
D) It is also known as gutta-percha.
Q3) Which carboxylic acid is the substance responsible for the sting of an ant bite?
A) butyric
B) propionic
C) acetic
D) formic
Q4) Identify the addition polymer used in sewer pipes.
A) polypropylene
B) PVC
C) nylon
D) polyacrylonitrile
Q5) This substance would have a pH________than 7.
Q6) This substance could be produced by the ________________ of a primary alcohol.
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Q7) The type of functional group shown is this structure is called a_______________.
Chapter 15: The Chemistry of Life
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which is NOT an organic functional group characteristic of carbohydrates?
A) -CHO
B) -OH
C) -C-C-
D) -NH<sub>2</sub>
Q2) Which mixture is racemic?
A) sand and sugar
B) sugar and protein
C) L-glucose and D-glucose
D) D-glucose and E-glucose
Q3) Collagen found in bones, tendons, teeth, and cartilage is
A) a fibrous protein.
B) a sheetlike protein.
C) 100% glycine.
D) a globular protein.
Q4) Which base is common to RNA but not DNA?
A) guanine
B) uracil
C) adenine
D) cytosine
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Chapter 16: Nutrition: the Basis of Healthy Living
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Sample Questions
Q1) Bran, fruit pulp, and whole grains
A) provide bulk to move toxins out of the intestines.
B) are a complete diet recommended for fast weight reduction.
C) have nothing in common.
D) contain protein and fat only.
Q2) Which is not one of the major categories of information required on a nutrition facts label?
A) food group
B) serving size
C) calories from fat
D) percent daily value for macronutrients
Q3) A blood serum cholesterol level of 240. mg/100 mL serum is considered to put a person at a high risk of heart disease. How much cholesterol in milligrams would be carried in the blood serum of a person with blood volume of 11.0 pints? (1 pint = 473 mL)
A) 103 mg
B) 1.25 × 10<sup>6</sup> mg
C) 5.20 × 10<sup>3</sup> mg
D) 12,500 mg
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Chapter 17: Chemistry and Medicine
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Q1) Aspirin is effective as an
A) anti-inflammatory drug.
B) antipyretic drug,.
C) analgesic.
D) all of the above
Q2) Histamine is a neurotransmitter that causes A) pain.
B) depression.
C) upset stomach.
D) allergic reaction.
Q3) Erythema is a term describing skin reddening due to exposure to sunlight.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Which substance named below is not an alkaloid or alkaloid derivative?
A) aspirin
B) codeine
C) heroin.
D) morphine
Q5) Caffeine would be classified as ___________________.
Q6) Acetaminophen would be classified as ___________________.
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Chapter 18: The Chemistry of Useful Materials
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Q1) Which of the following elements is found in the Earth's crust as well as in the mantle and inner and outer cores?
A) aluminum
B) oxygen
C) silicon
D) iron
Q2) Which term or phrase does not apply to steel?
A) used in structural support of buildings
B) made in basic oxygen process
C) can be magnetic
D) has a high carbon content
Q3) Selenium could be used as the dopant indicated by the letter______.
Q4) To produce steel in the blast furnace, what must done to the carbon content in the iron?
A) increased to approximately twice its original value
B) reduced to a smaller value
C) eliminated
D) distributed evenly throughout the iron
Q5) Germanium could be used as the dopant indicated by the letter ______.
Q6) Iron ions form iron atoms in the area indicated by the number ______.
Page 20
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Chapter 19: Feeding the World
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which is a property of DDT?
A) chlorine free
B) fat-soluble
C) high toxicity to mammals
D) chemically unstable
Q2) A complete fertilizer is one that contains a mixture of the A) organic nutrients.
B) primary nutrients.
C) secondary nutrients.
D) all nutrients.
Q3) A plant micronutrient is
A) phosphorus.
B) calcium.
C) iron.
D) sulfur.
Q4) Which soil type has the smallest soil particles?
A) silts
B) sandy soils
C) loams
D) clays
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