Foundations of Western Culture
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Course Introduction
Foundations of Western Culture explores the major ideas, events, and cultural achievements that have shaped Western civilization from antiquity to the modern era. Through an interdisciplinary approach, students examine influential works of literature, philosophy, history, and art, considering how classical traditions from Greece and Rome, the rise of Christianity, the Enlightenment, and other key periods have contributed to Western thought and values. The course encourages critical analysis of primary texts and fosters an understanding of the ongoing impact of Western cultural foundations on contemporary society.
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The Western Experience 10th Edition by Mortimer Chambers
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Page 2
Chapter 1: The First Civilizations
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Q1) How is Queen Hatshepsut portrayed in the sphinx shown in this chapter? Why did the historical circumstances necessitate such a portrayal?
Answer: Queen Hatshepsut is portrayed in the sphinx shown in this chapter as a male pharaoh, with a traditional pharaoh's beard and headdress. This portrayal was necessitated by the historical circumstances of her reign. As a female ruler in ancient Egypt, Hatshepsut faced significant challenges in gaining and maintaining power. In order to legitimize her rule and assert her authority, she adopted the traditional symbols of male pharaohs, including the false beard and male clothing. This allowed her to present herself as a strong and capable ruler in a society that typically only accepted male pharaohs. The portrayal of Hatshepsut as a male pharaoh in the sphinx reflects the complex and strategic ways in which she navigated the gender norms and power dynamics of ancient Egypt.
Q2) Which was NOT an innovation of early agricultural life?
A)weaving
B)pottery
C)the mutually profitable exchange of goods
D)iron metal work
E)the wheel
Answer: D
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Chapter 2: The Forming of Greek Civilizations
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Q1) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Hellas/Hellene.
Answer: Hellas is the ancient Greek name for Greece, and Hellene refers to the ancient Greek people. The significance of these terms lies in their historical and cultural importance.
Hellas was the birthplace of Western civilization and the center of the ancient Greek world, known for its contributions to philosophy, art, literature, and democracy. The term Hellene refers to the people who inhabited this region and played a crucial role in shaping the development of Western culture.
The significance of Hellas and Hellene is also tied to the mythology and religion of ancient Greece, with the belief in the Greek gods and goddesses being a central aspect of their identity. Additionally, the term Hellene has been used to distinguish the ancient Greeks from other civilizations and to emphasize their unique cultural and intellectual achievements.
Overall, Hellas and Hellene are significant in understanding the rich history and cultural legacy of ancient Greece, and their influence continues to be felt in the modern world.
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Chapter 3: Classical and Hellenistic Greece
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Q1) Greek tragedies of the fifth century
A)questioned the relationship between humans and gods.
B)were concerned with showing the meaning in the common activities of daily life.
C)made the actions of women distinctly subordinate to those of men.
D)rejected previous concerns with the gods.
E)All these answers are correct.
Answer: A
Q2) The comedies of Aristophanes
A)avoided criticizing major political figures in Athens.
B)involved fantasy and escapism from contemporary problems.
C)often revealed his antiwar sentiments.
D)offer little insight to contemporary Athenian life.
E)depicted influential Athenian citizens in a flattering light.
Answer: C
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Chapter 4: The Roman Republic
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Q1) Did Julius Caesar embody a conscious attempt to overthrow the Roman Republic or did his actions merely represent the logical continuation of a trend begun earlier in the Roman Revolution?
Q2) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: proconsul.
Q3) Which of the following is NOT true? Caesar gained popularity by defending the rights of
A)tribunes.
B)slaves.
C)common citizens.
D)soldiers.
E)None of these answers is correct; all contributed to Caesar's popularity.
Q4) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Cicero.
Q5) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Praetorian Guard.
Q6) Hannibal's goal in invading Italy during the Second Punic War was to
A)keep Roman forces from extending the war to Spain.
B)prove himself a greater general than Alexander the Great.
C)persuade Rome's allies on the peninsula to switch allegiances.
D)destroy the Roman navy.
E)recover its empire in southern Spain.
Q7) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Octavian.
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Chapter 5: The Empire and Christianity
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Q1) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: the Vulgate.
Q2) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Ambrose of Milan.
Q3) Consider map 5.4.How could historians use such a map to justify the claim that huge military expenses contributed to the "fall" of the Roman Empire?
Q4) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Jesus of Nazareth.
Q5) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: curia.
Q6) Early Christianity has often been characterized as an urban religion.Use maps 5.5 and 5.6 to argue for or against this assessment.
Q7) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Edward Gibbon.
Q8) How does the column pictured in this chapter communicate the power and magnificence of Rome over the barbarians? How does the monumental column glorify Rome? Compare it to the arch also found within the chapter.
Q9) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Herod the Great.
Q10) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: the pope.
Q11) Describe social conditions in the Roman Empire.What class divisions existed? How did these divisions manifest themselves in daily life?
Q12) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Sadducees.
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Chapter 6: The Making of Western Europe
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Q1) Why would an ascetic lifestyle be attractive during the Early Middle Ages?
Q2) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: St.Patrick.
Q3) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: St.Benedict.
Q4) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Doctrine of Petrine Succession.
Q5) Gregory I provides an excellent example of A)Germanic kingship.
B)the difficulties encountered by the Frankish custom of partible inheritance.
C)a successful missionary among pagans.
D)the growth of papal primacy in the West.
E)the decline of the Roman Empire in the West.
Q6) What contributions to medieval society did the religious orders make during this period? How did monks and nuns contribute to the spread of Christianity?
Q7) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Ravenna.
Q8) What roles did the Church play in the restructuring of the Germanic kingdoms?
Q9) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Pepin the Short.
Q10) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Attila the Hun.
Q11) Using map 6.1, explain how the invasions of the Germanic tribes were prompted by other invaders. Page 8
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Chapter
Creation and Erosion
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Q1) Review the "Einhard on Charlemagne" feature in this chapter.Einhard was a member of Charlemagne's court.What evidence from this selection can you find that this fact may have influenced his biography of the emperor?
Q2) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Anglo-Saxon Chronicle.
Q3) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Yaroslav the Wise.
Q4) Explore the possible motives for Emperor Leo III's policy of iconoclasm.
Q5) How did commercial activities in the Byzantine Empire differ from those in Western Europe? Why?
Q6) Sunnites believe that
A)only the descendants of Ali, Muhammad's son-in-law, are legitimate rulers.
B)the Koran forms the only legitimate Islamic law.
C)only Arab Muslims can become religious teachers.
D)writings of companions of Muhammad regarding various problems are legitimate laws.
E)all religious authority rests with the Umayyads.
Q7) How were the new invaders, the Vikings, able to establish themselves in much of northern and eastern Europe?
Page 10
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Chapter 8: Restoration of an Ordered Society
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Q1) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Templars.
Q2) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Domesday Book.
Q3) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: curia regis.
Q4) Otto I used bishops and abbots to administrate his empire because A)Germany had no concept of "liege lord" and therefore Otto had little authority over vassals.
B)they had no hereditary claims to their fiefs.
C)he had few financial resources and therefore relied on the wealth of the Church and its officials to govern.
D)with little education, Otto could intimidate Church officials with his authority and power.
E)the "Ottonian Renaissance" promoted the Church in the governance of the empire.
Q5) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Hospitalers.
Q6) How does the Investiture Controversy reflect both papal reform and the growth of feudal principalities?
Q7) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Ottonian Renaissance.
Q8) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: fief.
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Chapter 9: The Flowering of Medieval Civilization
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Q1) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Scholasticism.
Q2) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Anselm of Canterbury.
Q3) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Héloïse.
Q4) Which of the following best describes the most prominent theme found in the troubadour tradition of literature?
A)celebration of heroic epics such as The Song of Roland
B)moral tales using animals as the main characters
C)the pursuit of courtly love
D)brief romances of love and adventure, usually in the vernacular
E)miracle stories that emphasized religious devotion
Q5) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Siete Partidas.
Q6) In response to the spread of heresy, in 1231 Pope Gregory IX instituted the A)Albigensian Crusade.
B)Third Crusade.
C)Reconquista.
D)Inquisition.
E)Franciscan Order.
Q7) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Duns Scotus.
Q8) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Abelard.
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Chapter 10: The Urban Economy and the Consolidation of States
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Q1) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: St.Bonaventure.
Q2) "The Third Rome" refers to
A)the rebuilding of Constantinople after attacks by the Mongols.
B)the relocation of Byzantine rule after the invasions of the Ottoman Turks.
C)Moscow as the center of the Christian world after the fall of Constantinople.
D)Ivan the Terrible's conquest of the Golden Horde.
E)the Russian Empire.
Q3) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: commune.
Q4) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: William of Ockham.
Q5) The House of Commons consists of
A)Knights of the Shire.
B)representatives for the larger towns.
C)Knights of the Shire and Convocations.
D)town representatives and Knights of the Shire.
E)lower-rank nobility and town representatives.
Q6) How did guilds protect the interests of their members? What benefits accompanied membership in a guild?
Q8) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Luxemburgs. Page 13
Q7) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: bill of exchange.
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Page 14
Chapter 11: Breakdown and Renewal in an Age of Plague
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Q1) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Alfonso V.
Q2) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Black Death.
Q3) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Ciompi.
Q4) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Hundred Years' War.
Q5) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Gascony.
Q6) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Joan of Arc.
Q7) Which best describes patterns of living a generation after the Black Death?
A)More fertile soil allowed a greater diversity of diet, including more meat, fruit, and cheese.
B)Economic collapse led to a decline in housing.
C)Rural settlement patterns became more dispersed.
D)Sumptuary legislation declined as class distinctions became blurred.
E)Disposable wealth declined.
Q8) Which section of the population was most struck by the Black Death?
A)elderly men and pregnant women
B)elderly men and women
C)urban dwellers
D)serfs and peasants
E)All segments were affected by the pandemic.
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Chapter 12: Tradition and Change in European Culture, 1300-1500
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Q1) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Giotto.
Q2) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Catherine of Siena.
Q3) Review the feature entitled "Isabella d'Este's Quest for Art" in this chapter.Discuss the motives for having a painting by Bellini or da Vinci hung in your house during the Renaissance.Have these motives changed today regarding the works of these artists?
Q4) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: conciliar movement.
Q5) What was the relationship between Renaissance Humanism and Scholasticism?
Q6) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Humanism.
Q7) The increase in lay piety reflected
A)the growing distrust of Humanism.
B)the search for reassurance on the heels of an age of disasters.
C)the Church's attempt to regain control in the aftermath of the Great Schism.
D)the rebuilding of Rome.
E)the efforts of spiritual elites to revive religiosity.
Q8) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: nominalists.
Page 16
Q9) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Council of Pisa.
Q10) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Neoplatonism.
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Chapter 13: Reformations in Religion
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Q1) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: predestination.
Q2) Describe the responses of the Catholic forces in Europe to the challenges presented by the reformers.How did the responses of the Church hierarchy differ from the responses of lay people?
Q3) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Institutes of the Christian Religion.
Q4) Thomas More's Utopia proposed
A)the abolition of private property.
B)the abolition of the traditional Church.
C)the rejection of papal authority.
D)the rejection of secular authority.
E)the rejection of human morality.
Q5) Discuss the reaction of the mainstream reformers to radical movements such as Anabaptism.Why did they react thus?
Q6) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Catherine of Aragon.
Q7) What techniques does Titian employ to create a sense of tension in his painting shown in this chapter?
Q8) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: St.Teresa.
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Chapter 14: Economic Expansion and a New Politics
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Q1) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Francisco Pizzaro.
Q2) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: audiencia.
Q3) Inflation, which began around 1500, indicated
A)impending crisis for the European economy.
B)declining demand for goods.
C)an increase in demand.
D)an increase in people's debts.
E)a decrease in the silver supply.
Q4) How does the painting shown in this chapter titled Edward VI and The Pope represent consolidation of the authority of the English kings as well as English anti-Catholicism?
Q5) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Ferdinand Magellan.
Q6) How did monarchs begin to use religion as a tool in the consolidation of rule? When was the use of religion successful? When did it backfire?
Q7) What do the monk and the woman depicted in the miniature seen in this chapter titled Merchants Clearing Accounts symbolize?
Q8) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: vagrancy.
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Chapter 15: War and Crisis
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Q1) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: intendant.
Q2) How does The Dream of Philip II, shown in this chapter, convey the sense of a reunited Christendom reminiscent of the Middle Ages and the crusades?
Q3) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: mercantilism.
Q4) Compare the policies and leadership of Elizabeth I and Charles I with regard to religion and relations to the political community represented in the House of Commons.
Q5) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: billeting.
Q6) The radical sects disturbed the Puritans and members of Parliament because they
A)advocated egalitarianism.
B)rejected widening the vote.
C)objected to religious freedom.
D)supported Cromwell.
E)upheld the idea of private property.
Q7) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Riksdag.
Q8) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Independents.
Q9) What were the causes of the English Civil War? How did different social classes and religious groups take sides during the war?
Q10) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: antiroyalists.
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Chapter 16: Culture and Society in the Age of the Scientific Revolution
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Q1) In the seventeenth century, social mobility was
A)accepted as a desirable goal for all individuals.
B)easily available to peasants as opportunities to buy land increased.
C)closed to wealthy commoners because there was no way to enter the nobility.
D)increased somewhat by the need of expanding bureaucracies for educated officials.
E)attainable through education, not wealth.
Q2) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Galileo.
Q3) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Pascal.
Q4) How did the founding of government-sponsored scientific societies reflect the consolidation and centralization of political authority?
Q5) Baroque art is seen as the visual manifestation of A)the revival of interest in Greece and Rome.
B)the scientific outlook.
C)the Counter-Reformation.
D)increasing secularism.
E)the Dutch Reformed Church.
Q6) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: seigneurial reaction.
Q7) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Copernicus.
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Chapter 17: The Emergence of the European State System
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Q1) How similar were the United Provinces and England when William III of the United Provinces became the king of England? What were these similarities? How did the situations in the two countries differ?
Q2) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Peter the Great.
Q3) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Leopold I.
Q4) Review the feature entitled "Locke on the Origins of Government" in this chapter.How does Locke represent the position of the gentry? How do you think Locke defines the common good?
Q5) Review the feature entitled "Louis XIV on Kingship" in this chapter.What obligations and responsibilities does Louis XIV recognize for the absolute monarch? What were the limitations of those obligations and responsibilities?
Q6) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Bill of Rights.
Q7) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Walpole.
Q8) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Fleury.
Q9) Explain the conditions that prompted the nobilities of England and France to assist rather than prevent the centralization of the state.How did the nobilities and aristocracies of Sweden and Poland prevent the formation of a centralized state?
Q10) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Silesia.
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Chapter 18: The Wealth of Nations
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Q1) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: protoindustrialization.
Q2) Review the feature entitled "Laissez-Faire Ideology" in this chapter.What assumptions are implied by the following statement: "By pursuing his own interest he frequently promotes that of the society more effectually than when he really intends to promote it."
Q3) Review the feature entitled "A British Defense of Slavery and the Plantation Economy" in this chapter.How does this passage use triangular trade as a justification for slavery?
Q4) Review the feature entitled "The Condition of the Serfs in Russia" in this chapter.How were the conditions of the serfs similar to those of workers in a factory? How did they differ?
Q5) In view of the new agricultural techniques that were developed over the course of the eighteenth century, how do you explain the difficulties in which French agriculture found itself on the eve of the Revolution? Why were there food shortages and peasant unrest?
Q6) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: profit inflation.
Q7) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Edmund Cartwright. To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
23
Chapter 19: The Age of Enlightenment
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Q1) Learned academies
A)opened their doors to people of diverse social ranks over the course of the eighteenth century.
B)remained exclusive organizations for elites.
C)encouraged the participation of women in their activities.
D)displayed a disdain for addressing practical matters.
E)were founded in France by Louis XIV.
Q2) Pierre Bayle's Critical and Historical Dictionary
A)subjects the claims of religion to the test of critical reason.
B)suggests the theory of evolution.
C)was intended to popularize the new science.
D)condemns non-Christian religions as immoral.
E)advocated Christian orthodoxy.
Q3) Diderot
A)was rewarded by the French king for his publications.
B)spent time in jail for his publications.
C)overshadowed his friend Voltaire.
D)failed to find a publisher for his Encyclopédie.
E)None of these answers is correct.
Q4) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Emile.
Page 24
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Chapter 20: The French Revolution
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Q1) "The French monarchy was absolute, but not absolute enough." What is the meaning of this statement, and does it contribute to an understanding of why revolution broke out in France and not elsewhere?
Q2) What do the illustrations found in this chapter indicate about the use of violence during the French Revolution?
Q3) Opposition to the Revolution and the National Assembly came from
A)a large segment of the clergy.
B)émigré nobles.
C)the monarchy.
D)other European monarchs.
E)All these answers are correct.
Q4) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Wollstonecraft.
Q5) The Revolution granted women
A)the right to vote, if they met tax requirements.
B)equal access to political office.
C)an equal share of their family's estate.
D)primary education for girls.
E)an equal share of their family's estate and primary education for girls.
Q6) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: cameralism.
Q7) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Burke.
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Chapter 21: The Age of Napoleon
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Q1) The period of rule by the Directory saw the consolidation of a middle-class republican government.What was the nature of this republic? What groups were included in its political spectrum? How did it deal with the issues raised by the social revolution of the year II? Why did the Directory fall?
Q2) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Treaty of Pressburg.
Q3) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Cortes of Cádiz.
Q4) Why did Napoleon court the favor of the Catholic Church yet issue the Concordat of 1801?
Q5) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Grand Army.
Q6) Napoleon's reorganization of central Europe
A)ended the Holy Roman Empire.
B)created a new state known as the "Rhineland."
C)confirmed the abolition of the Polish state.
D)dismembered Prussia.
E)led to the defeat of Nelson at Trafalgar.
Q7) Describe how Napoleon's regime and policies affected each of the following social groups: peasants; women; urban artisans and workers; middle-class professionals; and aristocrats.
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Chapter 22: Foundations of Nineteenth Century Europe
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Q1) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Crystal Palace.
Q2) Review the Historical Issues feature entitled "Industrialization and the Standard of Living" in this chapter.How does Hartwell engage the other arguments?
Q3) By the 1850s which areas of Europe had experienced major industrialization?
A)Belgium, France, northern Italy, western Germany
B)Belgium, eastern Germany, Austria, Russia
C)France, Belgium, Austria, Russia
D)southern Italy, southern France, eastern Germany, Russia
E)Prussia, France, and Austria
Q4) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Talleyrand.
Q5) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: John Wilkinson.
Q6) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Holy Alliance.
Q7) How did the excesses of the French Revolution and the defeat of Napoleon act to undermine constitutionalism and social reform?
Q8) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Lajos Kossuth.
Q9) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: the Hundred Days.
Q10) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Francis I.
Page 27
Q11) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Matthew Boulton.
Q12) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Thomas Savery.
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Chapter 23: States and Nations in the Nineteenth Century, 1830-1870
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Q1) Consider the illustration in this chapter of the rebuilding of Paris.How do you think Haussmann's plans to rebuild Paris were received?
Q2) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Second Empire.
Q3) Why did the Crimean War represent a low point in the achievements of Europe in the nineteenth century?
Q4) Review the feature entitled "Bismarck's Social Program" in this chapter.Do you find signs of German nationalism in this passage?
Q5) Define nationalism.What aspects of nationalism can be used by both liberals and conservatives regarding political, economic, and social policy?
Q6) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: the risorgimento.
Q7) Review the feature entitled "Bismarck's Social Program" in this chapter.Why did a conservative nation such as Germany pass liberal laws promoting social welfare?
Q8) How did Napoleon III and Bismarck foster loyalty and suppress the opposition? Do their methods explain their popularity?
Q9) Review the feature entitled "Mazzini's Nationalism" in this chapter.In what ways is this a romantic document?
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Chapter 24: Progress and Its Discontents
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Q1) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Charles Darwin.
Q2) The sluggish rate of British economic growth in the late nineteenth century was in part the result of
A)outdated plants and equipment.
B)too much emphasis on technical education at the expense of scientific research. C)loss of empire.
D)rapid adoption of experimental techniques in manufacturing. E)the standard of living debate.
Q3) Review the feature entitled "The Argument of Anti-Semitism" in this chapter.Explain the influence of romanticism and nationalism in this passage.
Q4) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: St.Petersburg Soviet.
Q5) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Karl Marx.
Q6) Review the feature entitled "Making the Deals That Created a Cartel" in this chapter.How did the formation of this cartel reflect sound business strategy and concern for social welfare?
Q7) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: James Maxwell.
Q8) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Naturalism.
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Chapter 25: Nineteenth-Century Empires
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Q1) In the late nineteenth century, Darwinian ideas
A)led many Europeans to imagine that they were biologically superior to colonial peoples.
B)bolstered liberal universalism.
C)confirmed the view among Europeans that they shared the same characteristics as the people they ruled in their colonies.
D)proved that non-Western peoples were just as capable of progress as Europeans.
E)both bolstered liberal universalism and confirmed the view among Europeans that they shared the same characteristics as the people they ruled in their colonies.
Q2) What do the images of explorers found in this chapter suggest about the early contact between Europeans and non-Western people?
Q3) Britain and the U.S.abolished the slave trade in A)1803. B)1807. C)1834. D)1865. E)1888.
Q4) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Mungo Park.
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Chapter 26: World War I and the War It Created
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Q1) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Lusitania.
Q2) What brought about women's suffrage in the interwar years? Why do you think the advent of women's suffrage had such little impact on family life and on Western democracies in western Europe?
Q3) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Gallipoli.
Q4) Which of the following was NOT included in the Treaty of Versailles?
A)a clause that placed blame for the war on Germany
B)a clause that demanded reparations from Germany
C)a Polish corridor through German territory
D)a requirement that Germany disarm
E)permission for Germany to retain her colonies in Africa
Q5) Where were the major European international crises in the decade before World War I?
A)North Africa and the Balkans
B)Turkey and the Middle East
C)the Balkans and the Middle East
D)Turkey and North Africa
E)Russia and Turkey
Q6) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Mustafa Kemal.
Q7) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: The Great War.
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Chapter 27: The Great Twentieth-Century Crisis
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Q1) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: the uncertainty principle.
Q2) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Ethiopia.
Q3) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: First Five-Year Plan.
Q4) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Bolshevik.
Q5) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: totalitarianism.
Q6) Explain why Einstein's theory of relativity and Werner Heisenberg's "uncertainty principle" would undermine middle-class values, and encourage Cubist and Expressionist painting.
Q7) Review the feature entitled "Goebbels' Populist View of German Culture" in this chapter.What distinction does Goebbels make between mass (or popular) art and Volk art?
Q8) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: labor camps.
Q9) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Pablo Picasso.
Q10) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: NEP.
Q11) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Keynesian economics.
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Q12) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Heinrich Himmler.
Q13) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Hermann Göring.
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Chapter 28: The Nightmare: World War II
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Q1) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: United Nations Organization.
Q2) What does the photo of the Normandy invasion seen in this chapter indicate about Allied resources in winning the war?
Q3) The International Monetary Fund and the precursor to the World Bank were created to
A)administer the funds allocated by the Marshall Plan.
B)prevent inflation.
C)organize food and medical relief supplies.
D)supervise the maintenance of the peace.
E)All these answers are correct.
Q4) Review the Historical Issues feature entitled "The Historians' Debate on German Genocide" in this chapter.Friedlander's argument contends that German elite education combined with German nationalism to produce the Holocaust.Why then did the Holocaust not occur in European countries such as England and France?
Q5) Review the feature entitled "A Gas Chamber" in this chapter.Why do you think André Lettich, the French doctor, was in Birkenau?
Q6) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Anschluss.
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Chapter 29: Europe in the Postwar ERA
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Q1) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Alexander Dubcek.
Q2) What does map 29.1 seen in this chapter suggest about changes in Israel's political boundaries? How have the actions of the surrounding states created these changes?
Q3) Describe the political shifts that occurred in France, Italy, West Germany and Great Britain in the late 1970s through the early 1980s.
Q4) Describe the causes and aftermath of the revolutions of 1968.Why did they fail?
Q5) Review this chapter's feature entitled "The Soviet Union Denounces the United States While Calling for Arms Reduction." What could the Soviet Union possibly gain from making such a speech to the members of the United Nations, in light of Soviet policies towards Eastern European countries following the war?
Q6) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Imre Nagy.
Q7) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Suez Crisis.
Q8) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: neorealism.
Q9) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Alberto Moravia.
Q10) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Nasser.
Q11) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Vietnam.
Q13) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Soviet bloc. Page 36
Q12) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Bauhaus school.
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Chapter 30: Europe in the Global ERA
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Q1) When did the GNP of the European Community surpass that of the United States?
A)1949
B)1959
C)1969
D)1979
E)1989
Q2) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Red Brigades.
Q3) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Solidarity.
Q4) How have the responsibilities of international organizations such as the UN evolved since World War II?
Q5) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Walesa.
Q6) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: WMD.
Q7) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Milo evic.
Q8) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Reagan.
Q9) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Felipe Gonzales.
Q10) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Council of Europe.
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Q11) European governments have developed a somewhat different approach to both social legislation and business than exists in the United States.Describe the European "mixed economies."
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