Foundations of Western Art Test Preparation
Course Introduction
Foundations of Western Art explores the major artistic developments, movements, and figures that have shaped the visual culture of Western civilization from antiquity to the early modern period. Through the examination of painting, sculpture, and architecture, this course provides students with a historical framework for understanding the changing styles, techniques, and social functions of art across classical Greece and Rome, the Middle Ages, Renaissance, and Baroque eras. Emphasis is placed on analyzing works of art within their cultural, religious, and political contexts, equipping students with the critical skills to interpret artistic expression and its lasting influence on Western society.
Recommended Textbook
Jansons Basic History of Western Art 9th Edition by Penelope J.E. Davies
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30 Chapters
846 Verified Questions
846 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Prehistoric Art
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27 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is a megalith?
A) a hall of state in an ancient palace
B) a prehistoric monument found only in the British Isles
C) a marker of the summer solstice
D) a large stone
Answer: D
Q2) Paleolithic carving:
A) often represented the human form
B) was made using iron tools
C) was usually intensely lifelike
D) was usually without meaning
Answer: A
Q3) Stonehenge:
A) is surrounded by effigy mounds
B) has trilithons
C) has megarons
D) has corbelling
Answer: B
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3
Chapter 2: Ancient Near Eastern Art
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Sample Questions
Q1) Darius I and Xerxes are two of the most important figures of which culture?
A) Sumerian
B) Egyptian
C) Persian
D) Assyrian
Answer: C
Q2) An indirect axial approach was typical of which type of structure?
A) Egyptian pyramids
B) Sumerian ziggurats
C) Persian palaces
D) Persian temples
Answer: B
Q3) The Law Code of Hammurabi:
A) Survives as one of the earliest written bodies of law
B) Was concerned with crime law only, and not domestic law
C) Did not describe penalties for breaking laws
D) Could not be enforced
Answer: A
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Egyptian Art
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Sample Questions
Q1) Tutankhamun carried on the religious devotions of his predecessor Akhenaten.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) Egyptian kings:
A) were believed to combine divine and mortal qualities.
B) ruled by the consent of their subjects.
C) were thought to live as peasants in the afterlife.
D) were unconcerned with events following their deaths.
Answer: A
Q3) The portrait of Queen Tiy, chief wife of Amenhotep III went through two stages of design:
A) to suit the beliefs of Akhenaten's new monotheistic religion.
B) because the original design was rejected by the king.
C) as a result of damage by tomb robbers.
D) in order to reflect the tastes of her new husband.
Answer: A
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Chapter 4: Aegean Art
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Sample Questions
Q1) The Toreador Fresco probably depicts what kind of event?
A) Bullfight
B) Ritual game
C) Religious ceremony
D) Mythological battle
Q2) Compare the architecture at Mycenae and Crete. What do the differing types of structures found reveal about these two cultures?
Q3) The Cycladic culture:
A) emerged on the islands between the Greek mainland and Crete
B) developed on the Greek peninsula
C) was based in the Peloponnese
D) had its capitol in the city of Troy
Q4) Describe the subject matter and style of fresco paintings found on Minoan Crete.
Q5) What refers to where and how objects were found and their subsequent histories?
A) provenance
B) principality
C) procreation
D) provincialism
Q6) Describe the architecture of Mycenae.
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Chapter 5: Greek Art
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which style produced statues of nude male youths standing rigidly with the left foot forward, clenched fists and a stylized smile?
A) Hellenistic
B) Roman
C) Early Christian
D) Archaic Greek
Q2) The Greek Pediment:
A) often contains sculpture
B) is in the cella
C) was designed by Imhotep
D) is part of an acanthus
Q3) The lost wax process enabled Greek sculptors to create spatially freer forms than was possible in stone.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Lord Elgin of England returned marbles to Greece that had been removed from the Parthenon.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 6: Etruscan Art
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Sample Questions
Q1) Who was the Greek historian who wrote about the Etruscans?
A) Herodotus
B) Vitruvius
C) Perikles
D) Alexander
Q2) The Etruscans were sailors and merchants who traveled throughout the Mediterranean.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Compare and contrast Roman and Etruscan architecture.
Q4) Most of the surviving Etruscan artifacts come from their homes.
A)True
B)False
Q5) There is a major Etruscan necropolis at Cerveteri.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Describe Etruscan tombs. What do the nature of the decorations and objects found within these tombs suggest about Etruscan contact with other cultures?
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Chapter 7: Roman Art
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Sample Questions
Q1) In what ways was the Theater of Pompey similar to its Greek forebears?
A) It had sloping banks of seats in a semicircle
B) It was nestled into a preexisting hillside
C) It was made of concrete
D) It was a true half circle
Q2) Roman architecture is found in Rome and in the areas of the Roman provinces.
A)True
B)False
Q3) 4. Realistic painted portraits in encaustic have been found in which part of the Roman Empire?
A) Egypt
B) Tuscany
C) Jordan
D) Algeria
Q4) What was Greece's impact on Roman sculpture? What forms of Roman sculpture were uniquely Roman?
Q5) The eruption of Mt. Vesuvius caused considerable damage to the architecture in the Roman forum.
A)True
B)False
Page 9
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Chapter 8: Jewish, Early Christian, and Byzantine Art
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Sample Questions
Q1) Describe Early Christian sculpture. How and why did the Roman style of depicting the human form differ from that of Early Christian?
Q2) Religious objects for personal or public veneration, generally depicting Christ, the Enthroned Madonna, or saints are known as:
A) icons
B) portraits
C) cult statues
D) tesserae
Q3) What classical architecture influenced the Early Christian basilica and how did it evolve?
Q4) Most typically, how were the exterior of Early Christian churches designed?
A) Covered with mosaic decoration
B) Covered with three-dimensional sculpture
C) Had frescoes
D) They were left plain
Q5) Constantine moved the capital of the Roman Empire to Byzantium in order to escape the militarily powerful Western Roman Empire.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 9: Islamic Art
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Sample Questions
Q1) The term infidel is another word for believers in early Christian and Muslim traditions.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The Islamic religion is unique among ancient religions in not being based on a book and the word.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The call to prayer given five times daily by a muezzin is issued from the:
A) Minaret
B) Mihrab
C) Qibla
D) Minbar
Q4) Prayer, fasting, pilgrimage, and charity are four subsidiary pillars of the so-called Five Pillars of Islam. The primary pillar is:
A) Filial piety
B) Observance of Islamic holy days
C) Affirmation of Faith
D) Celebration of Mohammad's birthday
Q5) How does holy script become an art form in Islamic art and architecture?
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Chapter 10: Early Medieval Art
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Sample Questions
Q1) Who was Odo of Metz?
A) Charlemagne's son
B) Charlemagne's grandson
C) Son of Otto I
D) Architect of the Palace Chapel of Charlemagne
Q2) What does Hibernian mean?
A) German
B) French
C) English
D) Irish
Q3) What are the characteristics of animal style, where was it produced, and who produced it?
Q4) Where can westwork be found?
A) In the crypt
B) In the scriptorium
C) At the entrance of a church
D) Along the arcade
Q5) Irish monasteries were important centers of learning and the arts.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 11: Romanesque Art
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Sample Questions
Q1) Islamic visual motifs greatly influenced which country's approach to Romanesque art?
A) Spain
B) France
C) Germany
D) Italy
Q2) The Spanish Islamic Mozarab style is characterized by:
A) horseshow arches, alternating colored voussoirs, and mosaics of colored stone
B) fantastic ornamentation, Old Testament imagery, and sculptural forms
C) crypts, blind arcades, and radiating chapels
D) flying buttresses, groin vaults, and stained glass
Q3) Where is the west facade in a Romanesque church?
A) apse end
B) the transept end
C) the front entrance
D) the altar end
Q4) Discuss the Bayeux Tapestry. What story is being told and from whose point of view? How does the telling of the story reflect the values of the age?
Q5) What is a pilgrimage church? How and why did they develop?
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Chapter 12: Gothic Art
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Sample Questions
Q1) Where did Gothic architecture originate?
A) Rome
B) Paris
C) London
D) Ravenna
Q2) The Roettgen Pieta belongs to what category of objects?
A) sorrowful images
B) Andachtsbild (contemplation image)
C) Romanesque
D) illuminated manuscripts
Q3) Gothic architecture
A) Never used vaults
B) Eliminated the ambulatory
C) Emphasized verticality, light and open space
D) Was decorated in the animal style
Q4) A version of the classical contrapposto stance is not found in Gothic sculpture.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Why are so many Gothic churches dedicated to the Virgin Mary?
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Chapter 13: Art in Thirteenth-
and Fourteenth-Century
Italy
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Sample Questions
Q1) What similarities in style, expression, and narrative treatment do you see between Giotto's frescoes in the Arena Chapel and his Madonna Enthroned?
Q2) Describe how the urban environment of Florence changed in this period with the construction of the Cathedral and Palazzo della Signoria, and the decoration of the Baptistery. How do these developments represent both political and religious emphases in the city?
Q3) Municipal patrons, like the city of Siena, commissioned works of art to proclaim and further their accomplishments.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The mendicant orders lived by:
A) owning property
B) collecting alms
C) selling religious services
D) observing a strictly cloistered life
Q5) What influence did the mendicant religious orders exert on the development of art in thirteenth and fourteenth century in Italy?
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Chapter 14: Artistic Innovations in Fifteenth-Century
Northern Europe
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Sample Questions
Q1) Hugo van der Goes's Portinari Altarpiece makes use of
A) Atmospheric perspective
B) Fresco paint
C) Intaglio technique
D) Consistent scale
Q2) Hugo van der Goes Portinari Altarpiece was produced for a patron and a location in Flanders.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Explain the meaning of each of the three panels of Bosch's Garden of Delights. Include discussion of symbolism in your answer. What seems to be suggested in this work about humankind's potential?
Q4) Hugo van der Goes's Portinari Altarpiece demonstrates the international character of the businessmen of Florence because its patron was from:
A) Italy
B) Germany
C) France
D) Holland
Q5) What are the artistic and social implications of printmaking?
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Chapter 15: The Early Renaissance in Fifteenth-Century Italy
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Sample Questions
Q1) Atmospheric or aerial perspective is a method of showing depth through the use of color.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Who wrote Treatise on Architecture?
A) Brunelleschi
B) Sangallo
C) Palladio
D) Alberti
Q3) Who wins the commission to sculpt the so-called Gates of Paradise?
A) Ghiberti
B) Brunelleschi
C) Donatello
D) Michelangelo
Q4) Mantegna made paintings influenced by his interest in archaeology and perspective.
A)True
B)False
Q5) How does Ghiberti create the illusion of spatial depth in his panels? Where are the panels located? What material was used to make the doors?
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Chapter 16: The High Renaissance in Italy, 1495-1520
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Sample Questions
Q1) Who wrote The Lives of the most Excellent Italian Architects, Painters, and Sculptors, known as The Lives?
A) Giorgio Vasari
B) Girolamo Savonarola
C) Lodovico Sforza
D) Tiziano Vecello
Q2) Leonardo worked for the court of Ludovico Sforza in Venice.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Bramante's original plan for the renovated St. Peter's was a
A) Greek-cross plan
B) Latin-cross plan
C) Celtic-cross plan
D) Papal-cross plan
Q4) The young Martin Luther sparked the Reformation by posting his Ninety-five Theses
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 17: The Late Renaissance and Mannerism in
Sixteenth-Century Italy
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Q1) Which is not true of Sofonisba Anguissola?
A) She worked in a Mannerist style
B) She was court artist to Philip II
C) She received her training as a professional artist
D) She communicated with Michelangelo
Q2) What northern European sculptor, having studied in Italy, became the most important sculptor in Florence during the last third of the sixteenth century?
A) Romano
B) Correggio
C) Bologna
D) Veronese
Q3) Sofonisba Anguissola, a female painter, most likely learned to paint from her artist father.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Michelangelo's last commission for the Sistine Chapel was the painting of The Last Judgment for the altar wall.
A)True
B)False
Page 19
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Chapter 18: Renaissance and Reformation Throughout
Sixteenth-Century Europe
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Sample Questions
Q1) Who defeats the Spanish armada in 1588?
A) England
B) France
C) Germany
D) Italy
Q2) Discuss the combination of Italian figural forms and northern symbolism in Dürer's Adam and Eve. Given what we know of Dürer's biography, how do we account for this combination of southern and northern characteristics in this work?
Q3) Who was the portrait painter for King Henry VIII of England?
A) Cranach
B) Holbein the Younger
C) Dürer
D) Bruegel the Elder
Q4) The Reformation changed the art of Central Europe by encouraging the destruction of religious art and reducing commissions for religious subjects.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 19: The Baroque in Italy and Spain
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Q1) Artemisia Gentileschi was a female painter who worked in the tradition of which artist?
A) Carvaggio
B) Carracci
C) Velázquez
D) Murillo
Q2) The promotion of the Virgin in Spanish art substantially defined Spain's Catholic role in defying the Reformation of northern Europe.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Discuss the colonnade by Gianlorenzo Bernini at St. Peter's. How is this work representative of the objectives of the Catholic Counter Reformation?
Q4) Which is true of the painting of Bartolomé Esteban Murillo?
A) It was influential for Spanish religious imagery for centuries
B) It was modest in scale and subject matter
C) It demonstrates Murillo's completely unique style
D) It shows the influence of the Protestant Reformation
Q5) Describe Velázquez's The Maids of Honor and comment on the likely purpose of the painting.
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Chapter 20: The Baroque in the Netherlands
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Sample Questions
Q1) Compare and contrast Judith Leyster's Self-Portrait and Frans Hals's Malle Babbe. What characteristics suggest that these are contemporary works by artists with similar interests? How do the subjects of these works differ?
Q2) Which Flemish artist had an elite international clientele?
A) Hals
B) Heda
C) Ruisdael
D) Rubens
Q3) What type of painting is The Night Watch?
A) landscape
B) still life
C) group portrait
D) vanitas
Q4) Discuss the Baroque elements and influences in Rembrandt's Hundred Guilder Print. How would you relate this work to paintings by Caravaggio?
Q5) Describe Rubens' patrons, his range of subject matter, and his manner of working.
Q6) What was the official religion for Flanders and Holland? How did religion have an impact on the arts of each region?
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Chapter 21: The Baroque in France and England
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Q1) What was the function of the Royal Academy and how did it exert an impact on French artists?
Q2) A reaction against Bernini's style of architecture is seen in the work of French artist Claude Perrault.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Much of the French Academy's doctrine was derived from which French painter during the reign of Louis XIV?
A) Fragonard
B) Poussin
C) La Tour
D) Vouet
Q4) Claude Lorrain is the first artist known to have
A) Painted oil studies outdoors
B) Entered the French Royal Academy
C) Painted idealized landscapes
D) Spent his entire career in a country not his own
Q5) After the Great London Fire of 1666, who redesigned St Paul's Cathedral? Discuss the influences on the design of this building.
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Chapter 22: The Rococo
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Q1) Who made his mark with a new kind of genre painting that he described as "modern moral subjects similar to representations on the stage"?
A) Hogarth
B) Boucher
C) Fragonard
D) Chardin
Q2) The Rococo style was popular throughout Europe.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The Swing by Fragonard suggests:
A) an alliance between aristocracy and clergy in secrets and erotic fantasy
B) mythological escapism
C) a morality play espousing middle-class virtues
D) history painting
Q4) Who was associated with fêtes galantes?
A) Tiepolo
B) Chardin
C) Fragonard
D) Watteau
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Chapter 23: Art in the Age of the Enlightenment, 1750-1789
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Q1) Which architect had a strong influence on Neoclassical architecture?
A) Vigée-Lebrun
B) Greuze
C) Fischer von Erlach
D) Palladio
Q2) Though an accomplished Neoclassical painter, Angelica Kauffmann was not permitted to join the Royal Academy because she was a woman.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Neoclassicism was a reaction against:
A) The control of the French Academy
B) The Enlightenment
C) Napoleon
D) Rococo
Q4) Discuss David's Oath of the Horatii as a political work of art.
Q5) How does Benjamin West's The Death of General Wolfe combine imagery and ideas from the history of art and Christianity to comment upon a contemporary military event? What message does West seek to communicate about the death of the English general?
Q6) Compare Rococo and Neoclassicism in terms of subject matter, style, and purpose.
Page 25
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Chapter 24: Art in the Age of the Romanticism, 1789-1848
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Q1) What incident did Géricault's The Raft of the "Medusa" illustrate? Discuss the work as an example of political commentary.
Q2) The Barbizon painters were interested in combining which English painter's direct approach to nature with a student of Dutch seventeenth-century landscapists?
A) Constable
B) Turner
C) Reynolds
D) Gainsborough
Q3) Which leader of the Hudson River School depicted the vastness of the American wilderness?
A) Cole
B) Bingham
C) Washington
D) Gardner
Q4) Whose paintings point to the atrocities of war and man's inhumanity to man?
A) Ingres
B) Goya
C) David
D) Greuze
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Chapter 25: The Age of Positivism
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Q1) For which American Impressionist artist was maternity the most frequent theme and focus?
A) Degas
B) Whistler
C) Homer
D) Cassatt
Q2) Why was Manet's Luncheon on the Grass so controversial and shockingly new when it was first painted and exhibited? Be sure to discuss both the subject matter and style of his painting in your answer.
Q3) Some might suggest that Impressionist artists were simply interested in capturing a pretty scene. Dispute this view by discussing the various motivations of the Impressionist artists.
Q4) The term often used to describe the new mentality of pragmatism and materialism that emerged in the 1840s is:
A) Positivism
B) Modernism
C) Industrialization
D) Idealism
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Chapter 26: Progress and Its Discontents:
Post-Impressionism, Symbolism, and Art Nouveau, 1880-1905
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Q1) Discuss the influence of Japanese prints on late nineteenth century Western art.
Q2) The Tassel House in Brussels is an important example of what style of architecture and design?
A) art nouveau
B) arts and crafts
C) de stijl
D) prairie
Q3) Which American Symbolist painter was influenced by the ethereal, otherworldly pictures of Parisian artists such as Moreau?
A) Henry O. Tanner
B) Thomas Eakins
C) Benjamin West
D) James Whistler
Q4) Discuss the work of Cézanne and his influence on the art of the twentieth century.
Q5) Discuss Edward Steichen's Rodin with His Sculptures "Victor Hugo" and "The Thinker." What does Steichen seek to communicate about Rodin and his work in this photograph?
Page 28
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Chapter 27: Toward Abstraction: the Modernist Revolution,
1905-1914
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Q1) At the Salon d'Automne of 1905, the works exhibited were so shocking that the artists Matisse and others were described as
A) wild beasts
B) insolent children
C) rude artists
D) greedy painters
Q2) Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque experimented with collage on canvas during the period in which they were developing Cubism.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Using Kandinsky's Sketch I and Brancusi's Bird in Space, discuss the differences between non-objective and abstract art.
Q4) Pablo Picasso worked only in as a painter of two-dimensional works of art. A)True
B)False
Q5) The 1913 Armory Show was instrumental in introducing modernist art to Parisian culture.
A)True B)False
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Chapter 28: Art Between the Wars
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Q1) The Bauhaus design principle that embraced the modern, manufactured appearance is known as:
A) The Machine aesthetic
B) Assembly line art
C) Sweat shop painting
D) The Factory
Q2) Dada evolved into Surrealism.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of the following was an important documentary photographer for the Farm Security Administration?
A) Bourke-White
B) Klee
C) Man Ray
D) Lange
Q4) How did Pablo Picasso approach the subject of war in his Guernica? Compare Picasso's approach to war in this work with other representations of war in the history of art.
Q5) How did the New Deal have an impact on documentary photography?
Q6) What does the art of Lange have in common with that of Goya and Courbet?
Page 30
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Chapter 29: Postwar to Postmodern, 1945-1980
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Q1) Describe the similarities and differences between the two variants of Abstract Expressionism: Action Painting and Color-Field Painting.
Q2) Romare Bearden, an African-American artist, made collages about his identity and became an active member of the Haarlem Renaissance.
A)True
B)False
Q3) What are the environmental, ontological, and political issues associated with Robert Smith's earthwork masterpiece, Spiral Jetty?
Q4) The geometric forms of post-minimalist art were loaded with powerful emotional issues.
A)True
B)False
Q5) . Who is known for his "combines"?
A) Judd
B) Warhol
C) Smithson
D) Rauschenberg
Q6) What impact did World War II have on American art?
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Chapter 30: The Postmodern Era: Art Since 1980
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
29 Verified Questions
29 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/21921
Sample Questions
Q1) Which conceptual artist has used billboards as an art medium?
A) Gehry
B) Cai
C) Puryear
D) Gonzalez-Torres
Q2) Postmodern art has continued the dominance of New York in the art world.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which painter often evokes German history?
A) Kiefer
B) Stirling
C) Gehry
D) Gropius
Q4) Who designs very sculptural architecture with organic, free-flowing forms?
A) Mies van der Rohe
B) Graves
C) Gehry
D) Sherman
Q5) Compare the Postmodern architecture of Graves, both aesthetically and structurally, to the High Modern architecture of Mies van der Rohe.
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