Foundations of U.S. History Final Exam Questions
Course Introduction
This course offers an in-depth exploration of the political, social, economic, and cultural foundations that have shaped the United States from pre-Columbian times through the Reconstruction era. Key topics include Native American societies, European colonization, the development of colonial economies, the American Revolution, the Constitution, westward expansion, slavery, and the Civil War. Students will analyze primary and secondary sources to better understand the diverse experiences and ideas that contributed to the formation of the U.S., fostering critical thinking about historical change and continuity.
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MindTap US History 1st Edition by Cengage
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Page 2
1492-1535
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Q1) Ferdinand Magellan and Sebastian del Cano,along with their crew,became the first Europeans to accomplish which of the following?
A)Circumnavigate the globe
B)Develop a profitable western sea route to Asia
C)Trade with the Native Americans
D)Find the elusive Northwest Passage
E)Both A and B
Answer: A
Q2) Why did King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain agree to fund Columbus's expedition?
A)They had just lost Granada and needed to find new colonies to replace it.
B)They feared the Italians would back Columbus if Spain did not.
C)They resented Portugal's domination of the slave trade.
D)They hoped it would yield new ways to rebuild Spain's depleted financial resources.
Answer: D
Q3) John Cabot established the Northwest Passage in 1497.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Chapter 2: Contact, colonization, and Exchange in the
Atlantic World, 1492-1600
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Q1) Native peoples rejected all aspects of Catholicism that Spanish missionaries offered. A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) The mines at Potosi and Zacatecas were noted for their rich yield of gold.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) Sir Francis Drake attacked the port of St.Augustine in Florida.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q4) Over the course of four centuries,Africa lost more than 100 million people to the Atlantic slave trade.
A)True
B)False Answer: False
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Chapter 3: Colonizing North America, 1565-1763
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Q1) By 1675,both the English and the Spanish had established colonies along the Atlantic coast.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) Which of the following events occurred first?
A)Roger Williams was exiled from Massachusetts.
B)Anne Hutchinson was exiled from Massachusetts.
C)Rhode Island was established.
D)All three occurred the same year.
Answer: A
Q3) Even after the French government made Quebec a royal province in the 1660s,population growth remained slow primarily because
A)only wealthy investors were welcomed.
B)Protestants were not allowed to immigrate to the province.
C)French peasants preferred the climate of Virginia.
D)Both A and B
E)Both B and C
Answer: B
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Dissolving the Political Bands, 1763-1776
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Q1) One strategy that proved to be effective against the Townshend Act was that of nonimportation.
A)True
B)False
Q2) After 1763,Spain becamefriendlierwith Britain.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The Coercive Acts (which colonists referred to as "the Intolerable Acts")were passed by England in response to
A)the colonial boycott of the Stamp Act.
B)the Boston Tea Party.
C)the negative economic effects of the Declaratory Act.
D)the founding of the Sons of Liberty.
E)Both B and D
Q4) Benjamin Franklin helped establish the first American lending library. A)True
B)False
Q5) The Gaspée was a French warship that harassed colonial merchant ships. A)True
B)False
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Chapter 5: The American Revolution, 1776-1789
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Q1) Under the Articles of Confederation,the central government had the power to A)levy taxes.
B)raise troops.
C)conduct foreign affairs.
D)override state laws.
E)None of these
Q2) One long-lasting result of the Revolution's inflationary crisis was conflict between urban and rural residents over how to manage the country's economy.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The principal author of the first Northwest Ordinance was John Adams.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Which of the following gives the correct order of states ratifying the Constitution?
A)Delaware,Maryland,Virginia,New Jersey
B)Delaware,New Jersey,Maryland,Virginia
C)Virginia,Maryland,Delaware,New Jersey
D)New Jersey,Delaware,Virginia,Maryland
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Chapter 6: Forging a New Nation, 1790-1828
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Q1) Spain and the United States disputed the boundaries of
A)Louisiana.
B)Ohio.
C)Utah.
D)California.
Q2) One significant aspect of the Battle of New Orleans was that
A)no Americans lost their lives in the fight.
B)it took place after the war had ended.
C)Britain became convinced that it could not win the war.
D)Thomas Jefferson emerged from political retirement to support the battle.
E)None of these
Q3) What were the midnight appointments?
A)Permanent cabinet-level appointments made by President Adams in the final hours of his presidency
B)Judicial appointments made by President Adams once he knew the election was lost
C)Judges requested by President Adams to preside over night court
D)White House staff appointments made by President Adams at the close of his presidency
E)None of these
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Page 8
Chapter 7: The Market Revolution and Social Reform,
1800-1860
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Q1) Revivalism and religious awakenings of the 1820s sought to A)convert Catholics to the Protestant faith.
B)contain the emerging faith of Mormonism.
C)simplify the services of local churches.
D)bring others closer to God by spreading their message.
Q2) Henry David Thoreau is perhaps best known for A)living in an isolated house in the woods,attempting to live a self-sufficient and self-contained life.
B)wanting to show how man could live in harmony with nature.
C)describing his experiences at Walden Pond in Walden: Life in the Woods.
D)All of these
Q3) The most famous minister during the revivals of the 1820s and 1830s was Samuel Gridley Howe.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Upon completion in 1825,the Erie Canal connected what river with Lake Erie?
A)Ohio River
B)Mississippi River
C)Hudson River
D)Missouri River
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Chapter 8: The Peculiar Institution: the Old South and
Slavery, 1800-1860
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Q1) Slaves created their own communities and cultures in all of the following ways EXCEPT:
A)They developed nonblood familial relationships with other slaves,incorporating friends and neighbors into the roles of true family members
B)They rejected Christian religion and held fast to their African faiths
C)They created music and dance forms
D)They developed stories and songs about the end of slavery
Q2) The term "fictive kin" refers to children born of a union between slave owners and their female slaves.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Young male slaves would bring the highest prices in the slave markets.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The explosive issue of slavery split which of the following churches?
A)Methodist
B)Quakers
C)Catholic
D)Baptists
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Chapter 9: Democracy and Popular Politics, 1828-1848
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Q1) What is the name given to the principle that a state has a right to override a federal law?
A)Statism
B)Sectionalism
C)Division of power
D)Nullification
E)Federalism
Q2) "Old Hickory" was a campaign nickname attached to Andrew Jackson by supporters
A)True
B)False
Q3) Why did Martin Van Buren oppose John Quincy Adams in the 1824 presidential contest?
A)Adams was a friend of Andrew Jackson.
B)Adams supported nationally sponsored internal improvements.
C)He thought Adams was intellectually unfit to be president.
D)All of these
Q4) Santa Anna was the Mexican general who led the infamous attack on the Alamo
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 10: Manifest Destiny and Western Expansion,
1820-1860
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Q1) Which of the following statements regarding Manifest Destiny is true?
A)Democrats in Congress and President Tyler supported the concept and the resulting territorial expansion.
B)Henry Clay proclaimed that Manifest Destiny was indeed God's will,and that if we did not follow His will,the country would suffer the consequences.
C)The first area considered for expansion under the concept of Manifest Destiny was New Mexico.
D)All of these
Q2) The Trail of Tears is the term used to describe the route used for the removal of the Cherokees during the 1830s.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of the following resulted from the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo?
A)The United States received California,New Mexico,and Texas from Mexico.
B)The border between Texas and Mexico was set at the Nueces River.
C)Mexico paid the United States $15 million for U.S.losses.
D)All of these
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Page 12
Chapter 11: The Impending Crisis, 1848-1861
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Q1) The Know-Nothings gained support for a time through the defections of many disgruntled members of which political party?
A)Republican
B)Democratic
C)Free-Soiler
D)Whig
E)Anti-Mason
Q2) In the Pottawatomie massacre,John Brown and several followers attacked and killed five men as revenge for the sack of Lawrence.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854 instituted popular sovereignty in the territories and inflamed people throughout the country.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Jefferson Davis strongly supported secession.
A)True
B)False
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Page 13
Chapter 12: A House Divided: Civil War, 1861-1865
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Q1) What was the capital of the Confederacy?
A)Richmond
B)Charleston
C)Atlanta
D)Savannah
E)Raleigh
Q2) In the North,men of all classes and ethnicities enlisted in the military.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Union men who were drafted could pay $300 to have someone else serve for them.
A)True
B)False
Q4) General Winfield Scott's Anaconda Plan intended to use the Mason-Dixon line to divide the South into two parts and squeeze the life from it.
A)True
B)False
Q5) The Wade-Davis bill was supported by Abraham Lincoln. A)True
B)False
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Chapter 13: Bitter Aftermath: Reconstruction and
Redemption, 1863-1896
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Q1) Samuel Tilden,Democratic candidate for president in 1876,was the governor of A)Massachusetts.
B)New York.
C)New Jersey.
D)Illinois.
E)Pennsylvania.
Q2) Scalawags were white northerners who went South during Reconstruction.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Northerners largely approved of the black codes passed by the new state governments in the South to control former slaves
A)True
B)False
Q4) Which of the following is not a true statement about Congressional Reconstruction?
A)It was more lenient than Presidential Reconstruction
B)It sought to punish the South for the war
C)It advocated taking land from wealthy Confederates to give to former slaves
D)It was led by Thaddeus Stevens
Page 15
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Chapter
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Q1) Which of the following events took place the year after the defeat of Custer at the Battle of Little Big Horn?
A)Congress passed the Dawes Severalty Act.
B)Chief Joseph attempted to lead his band of Nez Percé to Canada.
C)Geronimo surrendered to the U.S.army and was exiled to Florida.
D)Grant appointed Ely Parker as Commissioner of Indian Affairs.
Q2) Who proposed the "frontier thesis," that the availability of free land was pivotal to the development of democracy in America?
A)Mark Twain
B)Josiah Strong
C)Sarah Winnemucca Hopkins
D)Frederick Jackson Turner
Q3) The Supreme Court ruled in the Insular Cases that the Philippines and Puerto Rico were possessions of the U.S.and their inhabitants were U.S.citizens.
A)True
B)False
Q4) No one was aboard the USS Maine when it exploded in the Havana Harbor in 1898.
A)True
B)False
Page 16
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Chapter 15: Change and Resistance: Industrialization,
urbanization, and Farm Protest, 1865-1910
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Q1) The United States passed the first child labor law forbidding children younger than 16 from working in factories in the 1860s.
A)True
B)False
Q2) What was Hull House?
A)a political machine
B)a settlement house for immigrants
C)one of the country's first skyscrapers
D)one of the exhibition buildings at the 1893 world's fair in Chicago
Q3) The invention of the telephone led to rapid growth in the number of female office workers in the 1880s.
A)True
B)False
Q4) To address concerns in the Panic of 1893,Congress
A)passed the McKinley Tariff Act.
B)repealed the Sherman Silver Purchase Act.
C)strengthened laws regulating the stock market.
D)established the Interstate Commerce Commission.
Page 17
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1895-1920
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Q1) What was the purpose of the Federal Reserve Act of 1913?
A)to replace the central bank with regional banks
B)to reduce the power of the Federal Reserve Board
C)to facilitate trade between the United States and its neighbors
D)to provide a means for controlling the currency and money supply
Q2) What was the focus of the Sixteenth Amendment?
A)It provided for separate but equal public facilities.
B)It allowed an income tax.
C)It guaranteed women the right to vote in federal elections.
D)It provided for the direct election of senators.
E)It established Prohibition.
Q3) What organization advocated a socialist agenda that would culminate in the end of capitalism?
A)American Federation of Labor
B)Industrial Workers of the World
C)National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
D)Women's Trade Union League
Q4) The Hepburn Act increased government's control over the country's railroads.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 17: America and Global Conflict: World War I,
1914-1920
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Q1) Germany's 1915 sinking of what ship cost 1,200 lives and brought on the ire of the U.S.public?
A)Sussex
B)Arabic
C)Reuben James
D)Lusitania
E)Maine
Q2) The 1918 outbreak of Spanish flu killed many U.S.soldiers but was contained overseas.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The U.S.financed the bulk of the war by selling Liberty Bonds.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The Red Scare refers to which of the following?
A)submarine warfare
B)an influenza epidemic
C)an economic recession
D)fear of communist infiltration
Page 19
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Chapter
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Q1) What group benefited most from Margaret Sanger's campaign to make birth control available?
A)Catholics
B)wealthy women
C)middle-class women
D)poor women
Q2) Who was President Warren Harding's first secretary of state?
A)Charles Evans Hughes
B)Andrew Mellon
C)Herbert Hoover
D)William Howard Taft
E)Henry C.Wallace
Q3) October 24,1929,the day in which 13 million shares of stocks were traded signaling the beginning of the stock market crash is known by what name?
A)Crash Monday
B)Ash Wednesday
C)Black Thursday
D)Good Friday
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Chapter 19: A Nation in Crisis: the Great Depression and the
New Deal, 1929-1939
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Q1) In 1934,Fulgencia Batista overthrew the U.S.-backed regime to take over control of Cuba.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The American Liberty League was organized by conservative business leaders to counter what they viewed as the New Deal's radicalism.
A)True
B)False
Q3) What was the most popular pastime during the Great Depression?
A)watching television.
B)going to the movies.
C)taking a leisurely drive.
D)attending baseball games.
Q4) Upon taking office President Roosevelt declared a national bank holiday to allow the federal government to inspect the banks and only allowed those considered solvent to reopen.
A)True
B)False
Page 21
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Chapter 20: World War Ii at Home and Abroad, 1939-1945
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Q1) Immediately following the war,Congress awarded reparations to the Japanese-Americans sent to internment camps.
A)True
B)False
Q2) On December 8,1941 Congress declared war against A)Germany.
B)Japan.
C)Germany and Japan.
D)Japan and Italy.
Q3) What federal office was charged with supervising rationing and controlling inflation caused by over-demand and under-supply?
A)the Lend-Lease Program
B)the National War Labor Board
C)the Office of Price Administration
D)the War Production Board
Q4) On December 8,1941,Congress declared war on Japan after a very close vote.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 21: Affluence and Anxiety: Cold War America,
1945-1960
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Q1) Which best describes Elvis Presley's influence on music?
A)Music became a bonding experience for parents and teenagers.
B)Record companies began to produce more rhythm and blues music.
C)Televised shows and music videos became essential for record sales.
D)The popularity of rock 'n' roll music declined due to criticism from adults.
Q2) Who was Alan Freed?
A)a Broadway star
B)a variety show host
C)a rhythm and blues artist
D)a rock 'n' roll disc jockey
Q3) Chiang Kai-shek's Nationalist government fell to communists led by Mau Tse-tung in 1949.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Great Britain asked for assistance from the United States to stop the threat of Soviet expansion to Greece and Turkey.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 22: Revolution and Crisis, 1960-1974
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Q1) The Bay of Pigs refers to
A)a failed U.S.invasion of Cuba.
B)a group of Cuban exiles within the U.S.government.
C)an attempt of Cubans to reach the United States by boat.
D)the attempt of the Soviet Union to place nuclear warheads in Cuba.
Q2) In February 1972,President Nixon made a historic trip to what country?
A)China
B)India
C)Japan
D)North Vietnam
Q3) In April 1970 Antiwar protests increased after American troops invaded which country to cut off enemy supply lines to Vietnam?
A)Cambodia
B)China
C)North Vietnam
D)Thailand
Q4) Mobilization Day was a day set aside in 1969 for draft-age men to sign up for military service.
A)True
B)False
Page 24
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Chapter 23: A Conservative Resurgence, 1975-1992
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Q1) The Supreme Court ruled in Webster v.Reproductive Health Services (1989)that
A)Women must notify husbands before terminating a pregnancy
B)States can limit the ability to obtain an abortion
C)Abortions cannot be provided to minors
D)None of these
Q2) The Supreme Court decision in University of California Regents v.Bakke (1978)reinforced widespread public support for Affirmative Action.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The nomination of Clarence Thomas to the Supreme Court was denied after a former employee accused him of sexual harassment.
A)True
B)False
Q4) How did President Reagan's "supply-side economics" seek to stimulate the economy?
A)by initiating public works programs
B)by lowering income and corporate taxes
C)by increasing the amount of money in circulation
D)by making cuts in Social Security and other social programs
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Q1) Conservatives such as Lynne Cheney and David Horowitz viewed "political correctness" as
A)the cornerstone of a multicultural democratic society.
B)an overemphasis on the importance of Western culture.
C)a violation of the principle of separation of church and state.
D)an insistence on conforming to liberal views on race and gender.
Q2) What was the goal of the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Act of 1996?
A)to help Americans get off welfare
B)to provide loans for small businesses
C)to reform secondary school education
D)to provide health care for uninsured Americans
Q3) In 2003,President George W.Bush sent troops to Iraq in response to reports that Saddam Hussein
A)was preparing to attack Israel.
B)was hiding a cache of weapons of mass destruction.
C)had made terrorist threats toward the U.S.government.
D)dhad orchestrated the terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center.
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