Foundations of Special Education
Exam Answer Key
Course Introduction
Foundations of Special Education provides an introduction to the history, philosophy, and legal frameworks that shape the field of special education. The course explores key concepts such as disability classifications, inclusive education, and individualized education plans (IEPs), emphasizing the importance of diversity, advocacy, and family collaboration. Students will examine current laws and policies, such as the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), and gain foundational knowledge necessary to support learners with diverse needs in educational settings.
Recommended Textbook
Exceptional Learners An Introduction to Special Education 12th Edition by Daniel P. Hallahan
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15 Chapters
1039 Verified Questions
1039 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Exceptionality and Special Education
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64 Verified Questions
64 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Dramatic increases in prevalence figures since 1995 have been recorded for children identified as having
A)learning disabilities.
B)mental retardation.
C)physical disabilities.
D)autism or traumatic brain injury.
Answer: D
Q2) The first special educators provided many of the ideas that form the foundation for special education practice today. They include all of the following EXCEPT
A)individualized instruction.
B)structured arrangement of the learning environment.
C)placement in the least restrictive environment.
D)emphasis on functional, life skills.
Answer: C
Q3) Because of the widely accepted theory of normal development, quite a few definite statements can be made about exceptional learners.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Current Practices for Meeting the Needs of
Exceptional Learners
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Sample Questions
Q1) Research on prereferral teams and response to intervention has found that A)they result in more students being eligible for special education.
B)academic achievement of students who are mainstreamed has increased.
C)although they are popular, little is known about their effectiveness.
D)teachers and administrators are not satisfied with the procedures.
Answer: C
Q2) Educational services and placement for exceptional students depends on A)student characteristics and community resources.
B)teacher attitudes and student preferences.
C)both student and parental preferences.
D)the category of exceptionality and parental preferences.
Answer: A
Q3) Ms. Smith, a second grade teacher, has concerns about Bruce's progress in math. Before she makes a referral for special education, she should
A)discuss her concerns with Bruce.
B)administer an intelligence test.
C)discuss her concerns with Bruce's parents.
D)consult with specialists at a diagnostic-prescriptive center.
Answer: C
Page 4
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Chapter 3: Multicultural and Bilingual Aspects of Special Education
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68 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) In reciprocal teaching, the teacher provides assistance in learning a task and then phases out the help as the student learns to use the strategy independently.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) The preferred method of identifying students with learning disabilities is to use an IQ-achievement discrepancy formula.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) An example of a disability with a highly organized subculture is A)mental retardation.
B)autism.
C)deafness.
D)blindness.
Answer: C
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Chapter 4: Parent and Families
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Sample Questions
Q1) The feelings that siblings experience about a child with a disability are quite different from their parents' feelings.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Describe the symbiotic relationship between teachers and parents, providing two examples of the importance of families to teachers and two of the importance of teachers to families.
Q3) A system of using educational service in addition to available community services to meet the needs of children and their families is called
A)wraparound service.
B)intensive service.
C)integrated service.
D)holistic service.
Q4) Explain why siblings of a child with a disability might have a more difficult time adjusting than their parents and list four concerns that children and adolescents might have about their sibling with a disability.
Q5) Discuss why teachers should be attentive to the expanding ethnic diversity in the U.S.
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Chapter 5: Learners With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities
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70 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Joe tends to believe whatever he is told, even highly questionable statements or claims, despite any evidence. This tendency is
A)self-deception.
B)gullibility.
C)unreasonable trust.
D)learned helplessness.
Q2) Encephalitis results more often in intellectual disabilities than does meningitis.
A)True
B)False
Q3) A specific and characteristic behavior repertoire associated with a genetic or chromosomal disorder is a A)genetic syndrome.
B)personality characteristic.
C)behavioral phenotype.
D)behavioral genotype.
Q4) What is self-determination? Describe the four components of self-determination and discuss arguments for and against promoting self-determination.
Q5) Identify and describe three environmental causes of intellectual disabilities.
Page 7
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Chapter 6: Learners With Learning Disabilities
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Sample Questions
Q1) A method involving breaking down academic problems into their component parts that can be taught separately and then combined is called
A)direct instruction.
B)scaffolded instruction.
C)cognitive training.
D)task analysis.
Q2) The vast majority of children with learning disabilities develop social-emotional problems.
A)True
B)False
Q3) When writing creatively, students with learning disabilities tend to A)use less complex sentence structures than their peers.
B)write paragraphs that are generally as well organized as their peers.
C)include about the same number of ideas as their peers.
D)have the same type and degree of handwriting problems as their peers.
Q4) Describe three explanations for the increase in the number of students identified as having learning disabilities in the last 20 years.
Q5) Describe two reasons why defining learning disabilities has been so problematic.
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Chapter 7: Learners With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity
Disorder
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Sample Questions
Q1) About one-third of individuals diagnosed with ADHD in childhood will continue to have significant symptoms into adulthood.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The majority of people with ADHD experience significant problems in peer relations.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which statement about the brains of people with ADHD is true?
A)Neuroimaging techniques have shown there is a neurological basis for ADHD.
B)Neuroimaging technology has shown there is no neurological basis for ADHD.
C)Most people with ADHD show neurological signs of tissue damage to the brain.
D)There is a diagnostic blood test now available for ADHD.
Q4) Which of the following is a recommended technique for co-teaching students with ADHD?
A)All Teach, No Drift
B)Parallel Teaching
C)Accommodation Teaching
D)Multi-Group Teaching
Page 9
Q5) Describe the four components used in the identification of ADHD.
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Chapter 8: Learners With Emotional or Behavioral Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) The term used in the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)that has been criticized as inappropriate is
A)emotionally disturbed.
B)severe behavioral disorder.
C)emotional or behavioral disturbance.
D)serious emotional disturbance.
Q2) Suicide is now a leading cause of death for people between the ages of 15 and 24. A)True
B)False
Q3) A biologically determined behavioral style is a A)personality.
B)temperament.
C)learning style.
D)attitude.
Q4) The most obvious problem of children with E/BD is A)imaginary friendships.
B)aggression aimed at others.
C)lack of close emotional ties.
D)social fear or disinterest.
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Chapter 9: Learners With Autism Spectrum Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) Most people with autism exhibit remarkable ability or talent in particular splinter skills, such as playing music, drawing, or calculating
A)True
B)False
Q2) Asperger identified children who had
A)average intelligence but channeled their intellectual pursuits into obsessive preoccupation in narrow areas.
B)above average intelligence but channeled their intellectual pursuits into obsessive preoccupation in narrow areas.
C)below average intelligence but remarkable ability in a particular area.
D)below average intelligence and a tendency toward violent, psychotic behavior.
Q3) What areas particularly need to be assessed for students with autism spectrum disorders, what are appropriate methods of assessment, and what special concerns are there regarding assessment?
Q4) People with autism have a high incidence of brain seizures and cognitive deficits. A)True B)False
Q5) Why has autism been "fertile ground for faddish and unproven treatment methods?"
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Chapter 10: Learners With Communication Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) Distinguish between disorders of language and disorders of speech and provide two examples of each (define each example).
Q2) Which condition reduces the effectiveness of strategy training for adolescents with speech and language disorders?
A)use of natural group settings
B)emphasis on vocational goals
C)poor reading skills
D)involvement of peers
Q3) Early intervention for speech and language disorders should emphasize conversation skills rather than the mechanics of language.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Requesting objects, rejecting interactions, sharing ideas, and seeking social interaction are examples of
A)communicative function.
B)communication.
C)language.
D)expressive language.
Q5) Explain why communication does not require speech.
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Chapter 11: Learners Who Are Deaf or Hard of Hearing
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Sample Questions
Q1) Pure-tone audiometry establishes
A)detection and understanding of speech.
B)threshold for hearing at various frequencies.
C)kinds of hearing tests to be used.
D)presence of the Moro reflex.
Q2) Which academic area is most affected by deafness?
A)spelling
B)writing
C)reading
D)math
Q3) Children who are deaf who have parents who are deaf have higher reading achievement than those who have hearing parents.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Compare and contrast American Sign Language and signing English systems: As communication systems, what features do they share? What are the relative advantages and disadvantages of each for students with deafness?
Q5) Describe the process of hearing within the context of the anatomy and physiology of the ear.
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Chapter 12: Learners With Blindness or Low Vision
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Sample Questions
Q1) A condition that involves an underdevelopment of part of the eye and is often associated with brain abnormalities such that a child is at risk for speech and cognitive disabilities is
A)retinopathy of prematurity.
B)optic nerve hypoplasia.
C)fetal alcohol syndrome.
D)cortical visual impairment.
Q2) Describe two behavioral, two appearance, and two complaint signs that might indicate a student has a vision problem.
Q3) Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP)is caused by A)premature birth.
B)excessive oxygen given to infants at birth.
C)fetal alcohol syndrome.
D)degenerative hereditary disease.
Q4) What are the advantages and disadvantages of the following mobility aids: the long cane, human guides, and guide dogs?
Q5) Describe stereotypic behaviors and explain why some professionals think a goal should be elimination of such behaviors while others think they should not be interfered with.
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Chapter 13: Learners With Low-Incidence, Multiple, and
Severe Disabilities
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Sample Questions
Q1) The process of identifying alternative, acceptable ways to communicate through teaching more appropriate behaviors and/or changing the environment to reduce the likelihood of prompting the undesirable behavior is
A)positive behavioral support.
B)functional behavioral assessment.
C)functional behavior analysis.
D)positive behavior management.
Q2) An inherited syndrome of deaf-blindness characterized by hearing loss and retinitis pigmentosa is
A)Usher syndrome.
B)Asperger syndrome.
C)Down syndrome.
D)CHARGE syndrome.
Q3) Tactual signals that can convey a number of messages depending on the situation and context are
A)hand-under-hand guidance.
B)touch cues.
C)adapted signs.
D)tactual signs.
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Chapter 14: Learners With Physical Disabilities and Other Health Impairments
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Sample Questions
Q1) The extent of the paralysis in spina bifida depends on A)the stage of development during which it occurs.
B)the success or failure of the surgery to close the opening.
C)the success or failure of the surgery to repair the nerve damage.
D)the location of the spinal cord defect.
Q2) Harris has a congenital midline defect resulting from failure of the bony spinal column to close completely during fetal development. His condition is known as
A)cleft lip.
B)spinal meningitis.
C)spina bifida.
D)cleft palate.
Q3) A lung disease characterized by episodic inflammation or obstruction of the air passages such that the person has difficulty breathing is A)allergies.
B)bronchitis.
C)asthma.
D)inhalation.
Q4) Discuss the relationship between medical advances and the prevalence of physical disabilities.
Page 16
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Chapter 15: Learners With Special Gifts and Talents
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Sample Questions
Q1) List four barriers to developing better education for young children who appear to have special gifts or talents and the early identification and programming for these children.
Q2) A child can attain a gifted level of performance even if he or she is has a disability.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Each of the following is a reason for low numbers of students identified as gifted from low socioeconomic status and those living in remote areas EXCEPT lack of A)access to materials.
B)caring parents.
C)basic necessities.
D)diverse early experiences.
Q4) Which one of the following statements reflects a common misconception about giftedness?
A)Children who are gifted usually like school.
B)Motivation and creativity are as much of an indicator of giftedness as IQ.
C)Some people are gifted in one area only.
D)Individuals who are gifted intellectually tend to be socially inept.
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