Foundations of Sociology Test Bank
Course Introduction
Foundations of Sociology introduces students to the systematic study of society, social institutions, and social relationships. This course explores key sociological concepts, theories, and methods that help explain patterns of social behavior, socialization processes, culture, social structure, groups, and social change. Through critical analysis and discussion, students gain insight into the ways in which society shapes individual experiences and identity, and how social forces such as class, race, gender, and institutions impact both individuals and communities. The course provides a foundation for understanding the complexities of human interaction and the dynamics of contemporary social issues.
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Sociology in Our Times 6th Canadian Edition by Jane Murray
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22 Chapters
3080 Verified Questions
3080 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: The Sociological Perspective
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161 Verified Questions
161 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Talcott Parsons stressed that all societies must make provisions for meeting social needs in order to survive.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) What do sociologists refer to as the ability to see the relationship between individual experiences and the larger society?
A)the personal troubles approach
B)the sociological imagination
C)global interdependence
D)public awareness
Answer: B
Q3) A sociologist drawing on the work of Marx would claim that exploitation of the proletariat arises from which of the following?
A)that they were not allowed to own the means of production
B)being paid less than the value of their labour
C)having inefficient labour power
D)failure to produce a profit
Answer: B
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Sociological Research
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151 Verified Questions
151 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to feminist research,what is the study of spousal abuse from a male perspective an example of?
A)sexism
B)gender politics
C)ethical violation
D)androcentricity
Answer: D
Q2) Suppose a researcher carefully designs a situation that tests the impact of previous experiences of being a victim of auto theft on reactions to video depictions of youth stealing cars.Which of the following methods would he or she be using?
A)participant observations
B)surveys
C)experiments
D)qualitative procedures
Answer: C
Q3) Discuss how "cyberethnographies" are useful for studying virtual communities. Answer: Enables researchers to explore how people construct online cultures based on their experiences in these simulated worlds.
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4
Chapter 3: Culture
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143 Verified Questions
143 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Many people buy products at The Disney Store because they believe in the trustworthiness of the item.This belief has been promoted through marketing to create what sociologist Pierre Bourdieu calls?
A)commodity fever
B)symbolic capital
C)cultural capital
D)popular cultural trust
Answer: C
Q2) Today,discovery most often results from scientific research.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) The term symbolic capital refers to culturally approved intangibles such as honour,integrity,esteem,trust,and goodwill.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Socialization
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152 Verified Questions
152 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What does the case of Genie,an isolated child,illustrate?
A)Children who have been isolated can become a part of the mainstream,providing they have proper therapy.
B)Children who have experienced extreme isolation do not live long enough to reach adulthood.
C)Children who experience social isolation and neglect may end up permanently mentally challenged in adulthood.
D)Children who are neglected can be successfully socialized with extensive treatment.
Q2) Which statement best reflects the social self?
A)I believe in good nutrition.
B)I help others with their training.
C)I am athletic.
D)I like to run.
Q3) Children's perceptions are based on punishment and obedience at the conventional level of moral development.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Describe the process of involuntary resocialization.Provide an example.
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Chapter 5: Society, social Structure, and Interaction
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154 Verified Questions
154 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Adam did poorly on his exam and explains to his friends that the test was unfair.What is this an example of?
A)studied nonobservance
B)breaching experiment
C)back stage performance
D)face-saving behaviour
Q2) Which of the following statements best describes one of the conclusions reached in Gardner's (1989)research on street encounters?
A)Middle-class children are more likely to initiate conversations with strangers.
B)Women do not perceive street encounters as routine rituals.
C)Men are more likely to avoid small talk in everyday interactions.
D)Working-class adults use different nonverbal communication styles than middle-class adults.
Q3) Which of the following is an example of a secondary group?
A)families
B)best friends
C)corporations
D)colleagues from work
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Chapter 6: Groups and Organizations
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Sample Questions
Q1) Using Weberian analysis,why was a bureaucracy the most efficient means of attaining organizational goals?
A)It contributed to coordination and control.
B)It was irrational.
C)It was fast paced and reduced the need for micromanagement.
D)It reduced control.
Q2) Define the concept of conformity and provide an example.
Q3) Beth,Amy,and Jen have never met but share similar education levels.Which term best describes this group?
A)primary
B)aggregate
C)secondary
D)category
Q4) If we accept Stanley Milgram's research findings,then what would we conclude about obedience to authority?
A)It is actually quite rare.
B)It takes place only in the presence of charismatic leadership.
C)It may be more common than most people would like to believe.
D)It occurs only with a laissez-faire leader.
Q5) Discuss how informal networks influence worker productivity.Provide an example.
Page 8
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Chapter 7: Crime and Deviance
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157 Verified Questions
157 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following does the text cite as a reason for many employers being reluctant to implement required safety measures?
A)The costs involved are extremely high.
B)The penalties for violating workplace health and safety laws are so light.
C)Unsafe and illegal working conditions are almost unheard of in our closely regulated country.
D)Government enforcement of rules is very lax.
Q2) Ned,Carson,and Roy are teenagers who find the gang lifestyle appealing,but there are no gangs in their rural community.According to Cloward and Ohlin,what are these young men likely turn to?
A)theft and extortion
B)fighting over turf
C)drinking and drug use
D)relocating to another city
Q3) According to Hirschi,what are the four features of social bonding?
Q4) Canada's Aboriginal people have far less power and resources than other Canadians.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 8: Social Class and Stratification in Canada
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148 Verified Questions
148 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the main criterion of a resource?
A)It is widely available.
B)It is needed.
C)It is evenly distributed.
D)It is valued.
Q2) Which of the following has resulted from the introduction of computers and other forms of technology?
A)job deskilling
B)cybercrime
C)expansion of the upper-middle class
D)cost-saving among the capitalist class
Q3) What proportion of Canadian Aboriginal people live in poverty?
A)one-quarter
B)one-third
C)half
D)two-thirds
Q4) Class conflict is the feeling of powerlessness and estrangement from other people.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 9: Global Stratification
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164 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which term would best classify the country of Afghanistan,which is dependent on other nations for capital?
A)peripheral
B)core
C)semiperipheral
D)dependent
Q2) How is a lower-middle income economy defined?
A)GNI per capita income of $1,005 U.S.or less
B)GNI per capita income of between $1,005 and $3,975
C)GNI per capita income of between $3,976 and $12,275
D)GNI per capita income of between $12,275 or more
Q3) Modernization theory has its roots in the conflict tradition.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Which statement best describes the current state of research on global stratification?
A)It is conducted largely by functionalist theorists.
B)It rarely includes the actual voices of poor people.
C)It relies heavily on qualitative research methods.
D)It is one of the Millennium Development Goals defined by the United Nations.
Page 11
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Chapter 10: Ethnic Relations and Race
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153 Verified Questions
153 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The privileges associated with whiteness are often taken for granted.
A)True
B)False
Q2) According to a functionalist perspective,what form of assimilation is exemplified by a Korean woman and a German man who marry each other?
A)interracial
B)biological
C)structural
D)psychological
Q3) Central to critical race theory,interest convergence is a crucial factor in bringing about social change.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The poor housing conditions on Aboriginal reserves are attributable to which of the following?
A)split labour market
B)colonialism
C)scapegoating
D)ethnic pluralism
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Chapter 11: Gender
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148 Verified Questions
148 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Advertising now discourages women from focusing exclusively on physical attractiveness by depicting women in highly competent roles.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which type of workplace inequality does the comparable worth strategy address?
A)educational background
B)work experience
C)onsite training
D)wages
Q3) What sociological concept defines the culturally and socially constructed differences between females and males?
A)gender
B)sex
C)primary sexual identifier
D)sexual identity
Q4) Compare and contrast pay equity and employment equity strategies.
Q5) Discuss the historical development of gender stratification.Examine the nature of work and its implications for gender inequality.
Q6) Discuss two reasons why the gender wage gap exists between men and women.
Page 13
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Chapter 12: Sex, sexualities, and Intimate Relationships
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33 Verified Questions
33 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Men and women are expected to conform to similar standards of sexual conduct.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Compare and contrast polygamy,polygyny,and polyandry.
Q3) Approximately 30 percent of Canadian women experience intimate partner violence.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Which term refers to a person who believes that he or she was born with the body of the wrong sex?
A)hermaphrodite
B)transsexual
C)transvestite
D)homosexual
Q5) Jacob is writing an essay about the sexual exploitation of children in pornography.Which theoretical perspective is Jacob most likely to use?
A)feminist
B)functionalist
C)conflict
D)symbolic interactionist
Q6) In what sense is sexual assault an overconforming act?
Page 14
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Chapter 13: Families
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158 Verified Questions
158 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Husbands who see themselves as the primary breadwinner are less likely to share in housework with their wives.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which of the following is/are intricately linked with patterns of power and authority in families?
A)descent
B)descent and inheritance rights
C)inheritance rights
D)descent and kinship
Q3) What term refers to the pattern of individuals marrying those who have similar characteristics,such as race/ethnicity,religious background,age,education,or social class?
A)exogamy
B)similar mating
C)homogamy
D)heterogamy
Q4) In postmodern societies,families are diverse and fragmented.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 14: Education
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141 Verified Questions
141 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Suppose high school students hang out at the local mall rather than attending classes.This is an example of which latent function of education being dysfunctional?
A)socialization
B)restricting some activities
C)matchmaking and production of social networks
D)creation of a generation gap
Q2) Postmodern theories often highlight difference and irregularity in society.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Approximately 40 percent of elementary and secondary students are enrolled in the private system.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Which province had the lowest dropout rate in 2005?
A)Ontario
B)Alberta
C)British Columbia
D)Quebec
Q5) Compare and contrast formal and informal education.
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Chapter 15: Religion
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135 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which statement accurately depicts the representation of women in the ministry in Canada?
A)The United and Anglican churches have significant numbers of female clergy.
B)Aboriginal Canadian religions do not give status to women in spiritual leadership.
C)Reform Judaism has ordained women as rabbis since 2000.
D)The Roman Catholic Church allows women to serve as clergy,providing they are unmarried.
Q2) According to the text,which of the following is true of religious terrorism?
A)Most mass genocides were committed in the name of religion.
B)Violent extremism is limited to a few faiths.
C)Only minor religious movements have been linked with terrorism.
D)All the world's major religious traditions have been linked with terrorism.
Q3) What is one of the most important debates within the sociology of religion?
A)controversies associated with women in the ministry
B)the silence around sexual abuse in the priesthood
C)whether the world is becoming more secular and less religious
D)the influence of the founding fathers on current research
Q4) Discuss the seven steps that lead people to convert to non-traditional religious movements.
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Chapter 16: Health, health Care, and Disability
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148 Verified Questions
148 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Living with disabilities is usually an acute or short-term process.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Most HIV-positive people live in Central Asia.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Leanne and John have been trying to get pregnant for five years.They have undergone expensive in vitro treatments in hope of finally becoming parents.Friends,family,and co-workers routinely ask Leanne,"Pregnant yet?" Leanne is left feeling dejected and hurt.How would a symbolic interactionist theorist explain Leanne's reaction?
A)Having a baby is a cultural pressure.
B)Infertility is a stigma.
C)Leanne has failed the mother mandate.
D)Medical treatment is dysfunctional.
Q4) What does the term disability oppression mean?
A)disabled people who take advantage of the nondisabled
B)an inability to engage in gainful employment
C)disabilities that are visible to others,therefore resulting in discrimination
D)barriers that exist for disabled persons in Canadian society
Page 18
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Chapter 17: Mass Media
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Sample Questions
Q1) Define status conferral and provide an example.
Q2) According to Charles Wright (1959),which of the following is NOT a function of the media?
A)interpretation
B)socialization
C)status conferral
D)entertainment
Q3) Which of the following statements does NOT describe McLuhan's (1992)views on the global village?
A)People would form a global village by sharing information through interactive media.
B)The global village is decentralized.
C)The global village would undermine democracy.
D)The global village is multidirectional.
Q4) What did Yee and Bailenson (2007)discover in their research on avatars?
A)Those with attractive avatars were less friendly to other avatars.
B)Those with unattractive avatars were more likely to argue with other avatars.
C)Taller avatars were better negotiators than shorter avatars.
D)Height had no effect on negotiation power.
Q5) Discuss how social media is used to initiate social revolutions.
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Chapter 18: Aging
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to Statistics Canada,less than half of retirees would like to continue working.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Aging is often accompanied by physical changes and changing roles.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which cohort is more likely to experience poverty following the death of a spouse?
A)women aged 65 to 74
B)women aged 75 and over
C)men aged 65 to 74
D)men aged 75 and over
Q4) Who is most likely to commit elder abuse?
A)nursing home staff
B)hired caregivers
C)older children
D)strangers
Q5) Define ageism and provide an example.
Q6) Compare and contrast chronological and functional age.
Page 20
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Chapter 19: The Economy and Work
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Sample Questions
Q1) People with disabilities are much less likely to be employed than other Canadians.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Symbolic interactionists examine the meaning of work in people's lives.
A)True
B)False
Q3) What perspective blames business cycles on capitalist greed?
A)functionalist theory
B)conflict theory
C)interactionist theory
D)postmodern theory
Q4) According to a conflict perspective,David's job at the factory likely involved which of the following?
A)job security
B)good wages and a union
C)relief from alienation
D)very little power and few opportunities to make workplace decisions
Q5) Define Taylorism and discuss its implications for workers.
Q6) What are the four distinctive features of ideal capitalism?
Page 21
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Chapter 20: Power, politics, and Government
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Sample Questions
Q1) Napoleon,Adolf Hitler,and Indira Gandhi are examples of what type of authority?
A)traditional
B)legal-rational
C)elite
D)charismatic
Q2) According to sociologist G.William Domhoff's analysis of the "ruling class," which of the following is the most important?
A)how leadership exercised
B)where governing occurs
C)who governs
D)who rules
Q3) Outline the characteristics of the federal government in Canada.
Q4) An authoritarian political system seeks to regulate all aspects of people's public and private lives.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Over the past two decades,special interest groups have abandoned "single-issue politics."
A)True
B)False
22
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Chapter 21: Population and Urbanization
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Sample Questions
Q1) New immigrants are more highly educated than native-born Canadians.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which term refers to the movement of people from one geographic area to another for the purpose of changing residency?
A)relocation
B)migration
C)immigration
D)emigration
Q3) Refer to Scenario 1.What major feature of the postmodern city is evident in the above scenario?
A)the return to industrial cities
B)the disappearance of public space
C)the decentred city
D)the fantasy city
Q4) Conflict theorists argue that cities do not grow or decline by chance.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Explain the effects of fertility,mortality,and migration on the composition of a population.
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Chapter 22: Collective Behavior, social Movements, and Social Change
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Sample Questions
Q1) Sociologists distinguish among social movements on the basis of who is responsible for initiating them.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Who developed value-added theory?
A)Karl Marx
B)Neal Smelser
C)William Gamson
D)Steven M.Buecher
Q3) The feminist movement is an example of what kind of social movement?
A)revolutionary
B)reform
C)religious
D)alternative
Q4) What is one major criticism of value-added theory?
A)It doesn't take into account the complexity of social movements.
B)It is not possible to test for the necessary and sufficient conditions predicted by Smelser.
C)It tends to underemphasize the importance of resources in social movements.
D)It ignores the role of generalized beliefs.
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