Foundations of Sociology Exam Preparation Guide
Course Introduction
Foundations of Sociology introduces students to the core concepts, theories, and methods used to analyze social structures, relationships, and institutions. The course explores topics such as culture, socialization, group dynamics, inequality, race, gender, and social change. Through examining both classic and contemporary sociological perspectives, students gain an understanding of how individual experiences are shaped by broader social forces, and how societies are constructed, maintained, and transformed over time. The course encourages critical thinking about social issues and provides tools for analyzing the complexities of human behavior within a social context.
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Experience Sociology 2nd Edition by David Croteau
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Chapter 1: Sociology in a Changing World
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following best summarizes Emile Durkheim's view of the social world?
A)Society works because there is a collective understanding of behaviors.
B)Society is shaped by the competing interests of workers and capitalists.
C)Religion is the basis of social bonds.
D)Societies shared values and goals allow for cultural growth.
Answer: A
Q2) Sociologists who study the meanings individuals attach to smiling in various contexts work at which level of analysis?
A)mini
B)meso
C)macro
D)micro
Answer: D
Q3) Sociology views individuals as free agents who are able to make choices about their lives independent of society.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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3
Chapter 2: Understanding the Research Process
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Q1) Suriya designed a study to see if study sessions increased her students' performance on exams.She assigned only half of her class to participate in a study session before an exam.What kind of research is she conducting?
A)survey
B)field research
C)experiment
D)intensive interviewing
Answer: C
Q2) Manuel interviewed new parents to learn how gender,both the parents' and the babies',shapes the interactions parents have with their babies.He is conducting A)basic research.
B)applied research.
C)public sociology.
D)research methods.
Answer: A
Q3) The final step in the research process is to analyze your data.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Culture
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Q1) Norms for participation in the online world are known as
A)etiquette.
B)cultural rituals.
C)netiquette.
D)cyber rules.
Answer: C
Q2) The Nollywood films produced in Nigeria are an example of an alternative to globalized culture.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) Research shows that people in wealthier countries often tend to be less religious than those in poorer countries.Which country is an exception to this pattern?
A)United States
B)France
C)Germany
D)Australia
Answer: A
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Chapter 4: Social Structure
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Q1) Why did some describe the social structure of New Orleans right after Hurricane Katrina as "collapsing"?
A)Many buildings and homes were destroyed by the storm.
B)Daily routines and patterns of behavior broke down in the days following Katrina.
C)Many longtime residents refused to return.
D)Social gathering places like cafes were destroyed by the storm.
Q2) Which of the following would illustrate cell phone users displaying action?
A)They strictly adhere to the norms of phone etiquette.
B)They use their cell phones in a way that the cellular phone company suggests.
C)They follow their employer's policies,such as no cell phone calls while at work.
D)They develop new uses for cell phones,like tracking crops or conveying health-related information.
Q3) According to functionalists,how are institutions related to the larger society?
A)Institutions stand outside conventional society.
B)Institutions contribute to society by meeting certain societal functions.
C)Institutions battle against society for dominance.
D)Institutions wither away as society becomes stronger.
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Page 6
Chapter 5: Power
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Q1) At which level of society does domination occur?
A)micro level
B)macro level
C)meso level
D)all levels
Q2) The Indian caste system is based on
A)personal achievement.
B)ascribed status.
C)achieved status.
D)segregation.
Q3) From Michel Foucault's distinctive perspective of power,people
A)are coerced by centralized power.
B)resist coercive authority.
C)willingly self-regulate to conform.
D)are vulnerable to persuasion.
Q4) Max Weber defined legitimate power as based on A)democratic elections.
B)the acceptance of and belief in authority.
C)acceptance by the majority.
D)accountability to a constituency.
Page 7
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Chapter 6: Socialization
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Q1) Learning the types of norms associated with a type of employment is known as
A)occupational socialization.
B)anticipatory socialization.
C)job skills training.
D)career ladder placement.
Q2) Which group is increasingly relying on the online world as a source of support?
A)children between the ages of 8 and 10 years old
B)teenagers
C)adults between the ages of 35 and 50 years old
D)senior citizens
Q3) Which of the following groups is more likely to experience a shorter period of adolescence?
A)females of all races and ethnicities
B)white males
C)working-class youth
D)middle-class youth
Q4) As Mary ages and goes from one stage of the life course to another,this is primarily a biological event.
A)True
B)False
Page 8
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Chapter 7: Interaction, Groups, and Organizations
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Q1) It is simply human nature to want to conform;therefore,all cultures are similar in the level of conformity demonstrated by their members.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Maggie has many social statuses,including mother,wife,daughter,high school principal,and softball player.She often feels she cannot meet all of the responsibilities in her life.For example,last week she had to miss a softball game because she needed to work late and also missed her son's school play.Maggie is experiencing which of the following?
A)role conflict
B)role strain
C)intersubjectivity
D)homophily
Q3) What is an oligarchy?
A)government rule where all citizens share power
B)government controlled by a powerful few
C)government controlled by a royal family
D)government controlled by a large congress
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9
Chapter 8: Deviance and Social Control
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Q1) What did Emile Durkheim mean by collective conscience?
A)collective guilt
B)shared values,norms,and beliefs
C)capacity for morality
D)ability to distinguish right from wrong
Q2) What has been the trend in crime rates since the 1990s?
A)steady increase
B)dramatic increase
C)steady decline
D)virtually no change
Q3) The medicalization of deviance can also be reversed.Which of the following is an example of demedicalization?
A)the current definition of antisocial behavior
B)the current definition of mental illness
C)the current definition of homosexuality
D)the current definition of learning problems
Q4) Today,homosexuality is an example of the medicalization of a behavior.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 9: Class and Global Inequality
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Q1) Which of the following nations has the MOST internal social inequality among its citizens?
A)Canada
B)United States
C)Sweden
D)France
Q2) Colonialism is the use of force by wealthy nations to dominate the economic,political,and economic resources of poorer nations.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Who described class as "script,map,and guide"?
A)Russ Eckel
B)Max Weber
C)Karl Marx
D)Alfred Lubrano
Q4) Sociologists can predict the average age at death for a population by knowing the social standing of the nation in which they live.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 10: Race and Ethnicity
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Q1) Which census allowed Americans the opportunity to indicate if they were of mixed racial heritage?
A)1900
B)1960
C)1980
D)2000
Q2) In the 1800s,what system was created to give whites advantages over native Mexicans?
A)a closed school system
B)a racial caste system
C)a social class system
D)a system of desegregation
Q3) How did the North American Free Trade Agreement increase immigration from Mexico to the United States?
A)by normalizing the movement of laborers over the border
B)by economically undermining small-scale Mexican farms
C)by establishing the bracero temporary worker program
D)by codifying recruitment rules for American employers
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Chapter 11: Gender and Sexuality
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Q1) Popular culture often suggests that men are physically stronger than women.Which of the following explains how a sociologist would examine this difference?
A)All of these answers would be used by sociologists
B)Men are naturally predisposed to being stronger than women because they have more testosterone in their system.
C)Men's biology is naturally more muscular than women's biology,which makes them physically stronger.
D)Men are encouraged to engage in activities that encourage muscle development,whereas women are not encouraged to build muscle.
Q2) Which of the following is shaped by gender roles?
A)what jobs we want to have
B)the kind of jewelry we wear
C)the emotions we experience
D)All these answers are correct.
Q3) The first wave of feminism focused on gaining social and political rights for women.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 12: Family and Religion
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Q1) Approximately what percentage of the U.S.population is not affiliated with any religion?
A)less than 5 percent
B)19 percent
C)9 percent
D)23 percent
Q2) In Emile Durkheim's view,the Bible is an example of
A)the profane.
B)a ritual.
C)a belief.
D)the sacreD.
Q3) Violence is an inherent part of all fundamentalism.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Which theory asserts that the importance of religion has declined in the face of modernity?
A)conflict theory
B)the theory of least interest
C)the sacred transformation thesis
D)the secularization thesis
Page 14
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Chapter 13: Education and Work
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Q1) Online education has grown rapidly over the past few years.
A)True
B)False
Q2) When students internalize values and morals in school,what kind of conformity are they exhibiting?
A)patriotic
B)moral
C)behavioral
D)cultural
Q3) How does collective bargaining benefit workers?
A)It is a way for workers to have representation in employer negotiations.
B)It gives them access to union benefits,such as good health insurance.
C)It allows workers to come together to discuss their money issues.
D)It gives them access to credit unions that offer better interest rates.
Q4) The American workforce is increasingly working in industrial jobs.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Schools are agents of socialization.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 14: Media and Consumption
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Q1) According to sociologists,consumption is not an important part of our social world.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which of the following would be an example of commodification?
A)former religious holidays becoming shopping occasions
B)a man buying a birthday present for his daughter
C)a company thinking of a new product to sell online
D)a television show refusing to run a commercial
Q3) Which of the following is an example of hyperreality?
A)A young woman watches soap operas with her friends.
B)A rising actress stages a fake news event for publicity and media attention.
C)A young man spends all his free time playing video games.
D)A family goes through a very tragic family event.
Q4) Under capitalism,workers
A)work for themselves and retain all profits.
B)sell their labor power to others in exchange for wages.
C)become very attached to the products they produce.
D)earn more money than they ever could working for themselves.
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Page 16
Chapter 15: Communities, the Environment, and Health
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Q1) Why are property taxes in the suburbs typically high?
A)The cost of infrastructure is high in low-density communities.
B)Better schools demand more tax-based funding.
C)There is high demand for new housing.
D)Residents have higher incomes.
Q2) Which combination best reflects the main problems caused by today's suburban sprawl?
A)housing and mortgage crisis
B)declining property values and water depletion
C)destruction of agricultural land and traffic congestion
D)declining standard of living and high housing prices
Q3) Low population density and the privacy-oriented style of housing in the suburbs contribute to which phenomenon?
A)higher standard of living
B)social isolation
C)satisfaction and happiness
D)interconnectedness
Q4) Urbanization today must be understood in the context of global dynamics.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 16: Politics and the Economy
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Q1) Which statement about politics is FALSE?
A)It is full of hypocrisy and deception.
B)It is ridden with conflict.
C)It is uniquely separate from and unrelated to social life.
D)It protects and serves people.
Q2) Which type of voting system is used to elect members to the U.S.House and Senate?
A)plurality voting
B)direct voting
C)a proportional representation
D)a two-party system
Q3) In order to adopt the military culture,soldiers must undergo
A)physical training.
B)resocialization.
C)a change in attitude.
D)humiliation.
Q4) The United States has one of the lowest voter turnout rates of any Western industrialized democracy.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 17: Social Change: Globalization, Population, and Social Movements
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Q1) Which is NOT a policy promoted by neoliberalism?
A)reduction of taxes
B)opposition to unions
C)social welfare programs
D)deregulation
Q2) Globalization today carries on many features of colonialism.We can speak of globalization as "neocolonialism."
A)True
B)False
Q3) Critics claim that neoliberal policies undermine democratic principles by shifting power from democratically elected governments to corporations whose allegiance lies only with investors.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The idea of framing originated in the work of
A)Max Weber.
B)Karl Marx.
C)Erving Goffman.
D)Frederick Douglass.
Page 19
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