Foundations of Sociology Exam Materials
Course Introduction
Foundations of Sociology introduces students to the core concepts, theories, and methods that define the discipline of sociology. Through examining topics such as culture, socialization, social structure, groups, institutions, stratification, and social change, students gain a foundational understanding of how human behavior is shaped by social forces. The course emphasizes the application of sociological perspectives to analyze contemporary social issues, fostering critical thinking about the relationships between individuals and society.
Recommended Textbook
Sociology Your Compass for a New World 5th Canadian Edition by Robert J. Brym
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22 Chapters
3272 Verified Questions
3272 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: A Sociological Compass
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142 Verified Questions
142 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which sociologist is famous for the work titled The Vertical Mosaic?
A)John Porter
B)Erving Goffman
C)Margrit Eichler
D)S.D.Clark
Answer: A
Q2) The sociological imagination enables us to understand that individuals are masters of their own destinies.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) Which important characteristic do symbolic interactionism and queer theory have in common?
A)They focus on macrosocial structures.
B)They sometimes validate unusual and unpopular viewpoints.
C)They consider Verstehen irrelevant to sociological explanation.
D)They consider patriarchy more important than class inequality.
Answer: B
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Chapter 2: How Sociologists Do Research
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160 Verified Questions
160 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What does the operationalization process do?
A)It translates concepts into variables.
B)It translates variables into hypotheses.
C)It translates patterns into propositions.
D)It translates patterns into hypotheses.
Answer: A
Q2) In an experiment, how do the experimental and control groups differ?
A)Only the experimental group is measured on the dependent variable.
B)Only the control group is measured on the dependent variable.
C)Only the experimental group experiences the independent variable.
D)Only the control group experiences the dependent variable.
Answer: C
Q3) Which element of the research process is common to quantitative and qualitative research?
A)asking participants to answer questions
B)random sampling
C)control of the independent variable
D)hypothesis testing
Answer: A
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Culture
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152 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is an example of a folkway?
A)prohibition of incest
B)prohibition of drunk driving
C)avoiding facial tattooing
D)avoiding plagiarism in academic work
Answer: C
Q2) According to the textbook, how do most people respond to an event?
A)They respond to the event itself.
B)They respond to the cultural meaning of the event.
C)They respond to their idiosyncratic interpretation of the event.
D)They respond by imitating actions of others.
Answer: B
Q3) In Max Weber's sense of the term, what is rationalization?
A)a justification for a deviant act
B)a justification for a perceived act of deviance
C)use of the most efficient means to achieve given goals
D)use of the least expensive and most effective means to get a job done
Answer: C
Q4) What is culture?
Answer: Responses will vary
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Chapter 4: Socialization
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157 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What do sociologists call settings in which people are isolated from the larger society and are under the strict control and constant supervision of a specialized staff?
A)authoritarian communities
B)institutional settings
C)totalitarian regimes
D)total institutions
Q2) What do sociologists call socialization that occurs outside the family after childhood?
A)resocialization
B)secondary socialization
C)ancillary socialization
D)master socialization
Q3) If people believe that a bank is going to fail, this can cause them to pull their money out of the bank.This, in turn, may lead to the bank's failure.What does this situation illustrate?
A)self-fulfilling prophecy
B)status conflict
C)role conflict
D)economic crisis
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Page 6
Chapter 5: Social Interaction
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158 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Doctors at the hospital typically wear white lab coats and carry stethoscopes around their necks.What do sociologists call these things?
A)role sets
B)status cues
C)role performance
D)cultural scripts
Q2) According to the textbook, which of the following best describes what most social interaction typically involves?
A)verbal messages
B)nonverbal messages
C)both nonverbal and verbal messages
D)verbal, nonverbal, and spiritual messages
Q3) According to the text, how do medical doctors learn to act like doctors?
A)through dramaturgical approach
B)through emotion management
C)through role distancing
D)through impression management
Q4) Show how emotions can be shaped by social forces.
Q5) Explain what role distance is and provide an example from your own experience.
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Chapter 6: Networks, Groups, Bureaucracies, and Societies
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178 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is most likely to contribute to increasing intermarriage between two ethnic groups?
A)similar status
B)similar size
C)dissimilar status
D)dissimilar size
Q2) In which type of society were the first permanent settlements established?
A)foraging society
B)horticultural society
C)agricultural society
D)industrial society
Q3) According to the textbook, how many members did most foraging communities have?
A)6-20
B)25-100
C)200-300
D)500-1000
Q4) What are main characteristics of urban networks? Illustrate with examples from your own experience.
Q5) Explain what is meant by organizational environment.
Q6) Define and give an example of a primary group.
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Chapter 7: Deviance and Crime
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183 Verified Questions
183 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Define the rationales for incarceration of criminals and discuss their effectiveness in reducing recidivism.
Q2) In comparison to official crime statistics, how much "serious crime" is reported using self-report measures?
A)at least twice as much
B)at least ten times as much
C)approximately half as much
D)approximately the same amount
Q3) Liam works as a sex trade worker, soliciting customers at a corner downtown.Which type of deviance are his actions characterized as?
A)social diversion
B)social deviation
C)consensus crime
D)conflict crime
Q4) Is incidence of crime, as shown by official statistics and other data sources, different?
Q5) Nelson Mandela's behaviour in the past is still considered to be deviant today. A)True
B)False
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Chapter 8: Social Stratification
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Sample Questions
Q1) Discuss the views of Davis and Moore on social stratification, making a case for agreement or disagreement with them.
Q2) Approximately what percentage of Canadians who experienced poverty during one year are able to bring themselves out of poverty over a two-year period?
A)90 percent
B)75 percent
C)50 percent
D)25 percent
Q3) Jocelyn has been brought up to believe that Canadians pay taxes in order to take care of members of society who are not able to care for themselves.What idea do her views represent?
A)rugged collectivism
B)rugged individualism
C)collective responsibility
D)individual responsibility
Q4) Define what social mobility is, its forms, and effects on society and social change.
Q5) Define classes, status groups, and parties, according to Weber.Give one example of each.
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Chapter 9: Globalization, Inequality, and Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) State policy is critically associated with national economic growth.
A)True
B)False
Q2) During which of the following periods were international trade and investment the lowest?
A)the late nineteenth century
B)between 1900 and 1914
C)between 1914 and 1945
D)after 1980
Q3) According to dependency theory, what type of country is Canada?
A)a core capitalist country
B)a core peripheral country
C)a peripheral capitalist country
D)a semiperipheral capitalist country
Q4) What does dependency theory focus on?
A)the internal characteristics of poor nations
B)the internal characteristics of rich nations
C)the internal characteristics of both rich and poor nations
D)the relationship between rich and poor nations
Q5) How have South Korean politics contributed to that country's economic growth?
Page 11
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Chapter 10: Race and Ethnicity
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is significant about the Beothuk population of Newfoundland and Labrador?
A)Their chief was a member of the first government of Canada at Confederation, giving them rights other Indigenous people did not have.
B)They were offered incentives by the European settlers to murder the neighbouring Mi'kmaq.
C)They were hunted, killed, and driven out of their traditional territory until they became extinct.
D)They are the most populous First Nation in Canada today, outnumbering all other groups by two to one.
Q2) Which of the following best describes the Quiet Revolution in Québec?
A)modernization
B)secularization
C)nationalization
D)globalization
Q3) What determines whether a group will be defined as racial or ethnic?
A)cultural definition
B)social construction
C)cultural identity
D)biology
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Page 12
Chapter 11: Sexualities and Gender Stratification
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195 Verified Questions
195 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Are sexual assault and spousal violence better explained as individual or social problems? Why?
Q2) Bruce works in construction with several other men while his wife Charlene works as a nurse, mainly with other women.Their situation reflects a pattern common across Canada.Which of the following refers to this pattern?
A)gender discrimination
B)the glass ceiling
C)occupational sex segregation
D)gender gap
Q3) Approximately how long has substantial gender inequality existed?
A)500 years
B)2500 years
C)6000 years
D)throughout human history
Q4) With regard to sexual orientation, what are sociologists most interested in?
A)how it is socially constructed, expressed, or repressed
B)the various lifestyle choices of those who practise each orientation
C)the ways that it is understood by various religions worldwide
D)the debate about its causes
Q5) Would you expect a functionalist to support or oppose heteronormativity? Why?
Page 13
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Chapter 12: Sociology of the Body: Disability, Aging, and Death
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127 Verified Questions
127 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What term is used to denote a graph that depicts the percentage of a population in various age and sex groupings?
A)age-sex graph
B)population T-graph
C)population pyramid
D)demographic chart
Q2) Nancy drove her car to the grocery store this morning and overhead a group of young people laughing and making nasty remarks that she was a danger to society because she was too old to be driving.What has Nancy just experienced?
A)ageism
B)senior chauvinism
C)the double standard
D)age stratification
Q3) The age of cyborgs is fast approaching.
A)True
B)False
Q4) All Canadians born between 1980 and 1989 form an age cohort.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 13: Work and the Economy
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148 Verified Questions
148 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What percentage of Canadian workers are employed in organizations that have more than 500 employees?
A)5
B)10
C)15
D)20
Q2) Branch plants are typically set up in low-wage, low-tax nations.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The credentials required for entry into a profession are highly regulated, a cap on the number of new professionals is maintained, competition is reduced, and earning and demand for services is kept high.In these cases, what do professions act as?
A)codetermination councils
B)internal labour markets
C)labour market shelters
D)quality circles
Q4) Describe the problems globalization has created for many developing countries.
Q5) Using examples, explain what an oligopoly is.
Q6) Describe the three sectors of the economy.
Page 15
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Chapter 14: Politics
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140 Verified Questions
140 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What term is used to denote the small groups that occupy Canada's top positions in politics, military, and the economy?
A)citizens
B)intellectuals
C)interest groups
D)elites
Q2) Compare and contrast pluralist, elite, and power resource theories.
Q3) When were women in Canada permitted to vote in federal elections?
A)1867
B)1890
C)1917
D)1926
Q4) How does the textbook define authority?
A)coercive power
B)tacit power
C)cooperative power
D)legitimate power
Q5) In what ways are authority and legitimacy related?
Q6) Discuss why Al-Qaeda turned to terrorism.
Q7) Compare and contrast the state and civil society.
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Chapter 15: Families
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138 Verified Questions
138 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following groups are medical professionals most likely to discourage from using reproductive technologies?
A)heterosexual common-law couples
B)lower-income couples
C)same-sex married couples
D)inter-ethnic couples
Q2) Compare and contrast the divorce, marriage, and total fertility rates.What impacts do they have on the Canadian population?
Q3) In what year was abortion decriminalized in Canada?
A)1892
B)1969
C)1989
D)1993
Q4) Explain how the traditional nuclear family is based on gender inequality.
Q5) Compare and contrast marriage and cohabitation.
Q6) Child poverty is recognized as a major social problem in Canada.Why does child poverty exist, and what can Canadians do about it?
Q7) Explain the functionalist perspective toward the family.
Q8) Compare and contrast nuclear families and traditional nuclear families.
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Chapter 16: Religion
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119 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the revised secularization thesis?
Q2) For many Canadians, watching a fellow Canadian win a medal in the Olympics is an event that makes them feel ecstatic and like they are part of something much bigger than their individual selves.From a Durkheimian perspective, which of the following terms best reflects this feeling?
A)false consciousness
B)ritual collectiveness
C)collective effervescence
D)conscious congregation
Q3) George tells his mother that religious activities should be more widely available for people who demand them.Which model does his statement illustrate?
A)the market model
B)the sect model
C)the institution model
D)the ritual model
Q4) The term sect has been replaced with the term new religious movement.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Describe the differences between the sacred and the profane.
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Chapter 17: Education
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128 Verified Questions
128 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A large scholarship is available only to students whose parents are alumni from a certain university.What is reinforced by this criterion for scholarship application?
A)meritocracy
B)social exclusion
C)professionalization
D)credential inflation
Q2) Teens who wear brand-name clothing, can speak knowledgeably about travel and music, and who are savvy with the latest technological gadgets can be said to have more of which of the following in comparison with teens without these resources?
A)cultural capital
B)social capital
C)economic capital
D)political capital
Q3) Give a functionalist account of education, along with a critique of that account.
Q4) What is credential inflation?
Q5) Explain the differences between educational attainment and educational achievement.
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Chapter 18: Mass Media and Mass Communication
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121 Verified Questions
121 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Despite improvements in recent decades, according to the textbook, what do feminists and people of colour continue to criticize mainstream media for?
A)misrepresentation
B)too-broad portrayals
C)overrepresentation of poor people as criminals or insane
D)underrepresentation of males in children's shows
Q2) Regan has studied media and believes that people are active participants who interpret the ideas and information conveyed in media and then act on it if that seems personally appropriate.Which of the following approaches are Regan's views in line with?
A)cultural studies
B)conflict theory
C)functionalism
D)social deconstructionism
Q3) The Internet penetration rate in Canada is second only to that of the United States.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Compare and contrast mass media and face-to-face interaction.
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20
Chapter 19: Health and Medicine
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Sample Questions
Q1) Currently, anxiety disorders affect approximately what percentage of the population?
A)5 percent
B)10 percent
C)15 percent
D)20 percent
Q2) Jason is addicted to methamphetamine.According to the textbook, how would he most likely have been viewed in the nineteenth century?
A)as having an illness
B)as possessed by an evil demon
C)as a drifter or vagabond
D)as a cult member
Q3) Which of the following is most likely to intervene in issues such as drug addiction and alcoholism?
A)the church
B)the medical profession
C)the government
D)communities
Q4) Compare and contrast the health and health care spending of different countries.
Q5) How were the well-to-do better able than the poor to escape the Black Death?
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Chapter 20: Population and Urbanization
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Sample Questions
Q1) In which stage of development did children become seen as an economic liability?
A)preindustrial period
B)early industrial period
C)mature industrial period
D)postindustrial period
Q2) Bill has lived all his life in a place where his neighbours get together every weekend to barbecue after church and where most of the community goes out to support the local hockey team when they play games against other communities.According to Louis Wirth, what is Bill's experience typical of?
A)urban life
B)suburban life
C)rural life
D)social life
Q3) Compare and contrast preindustrial and industrial cities.
Q4) One of the criticisms against Louis Wirth's urban way of life is that he placed too much emphasis on social intimacy and networks of involvement.
A)True
B)False
Q5) According to Karl Marx, what creates the problem of overpopulation?
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Chapter 21: Collective Action and Social Movements
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Sample Questions
Q1) Collective action and social movements do not occur only when disadvantaged groups become more powerful.Under which of the following other conditions do opportunities for protest occur?
A)when elites struggle against social movement formation
B)when elites focus on protecting their privilege
C)when elites become weak and divisive
D)when elites begin to sympathize with the disadvantaged
Q2) How did the B.C.Forest Alliance try to disalign the way its opponents framed the issues?
Q3) The violation of norms (sometimes called strain) is an aspect of breakdown theory.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What accounts for the comparatively high level of unionization in Canada as compared to that in the United States?
Q5) What is the women's movement in Canada an example of?
A)a workers' movement
B)a new social movement
C)a reform movement
D)a transformation movement
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Chapter 22: Technology and the Global Environment
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following counties in Nova Scotia was the most polluted in the 1990s?
A)Halifax
B)Cape Breton
C)Kings
D)Pictou
Q2) What type of waste is produced by nuclear power facilities?
A)radioactive waste
B)chemical waste
C)solid waste
D)liquid waste
Q3) Where in Canada are the highest concentrations of industrial pollution found?
A)the Alberta tar sands
B)northern British Columbia
C)northern Quebec
D)southern Ontario
Q4) What is the social distribution of risk?
Q5) What are normal accidents?
Q6) What is technological determinism?
Q7) What is biodiversity and why is it important?
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