Foundations of Psychopathology Final Exam Questions
Course Introduction
Foundations of Psychopathology introduces students to the core concepts and theories underlying psychological disorders, exploring the classification, development, and manifestation of abnormal behavior. The course examines historical and contemporary perspectives on mental illness, including the diagnostic criteria in the DSM, cultural and biological influences, and the relationship between psychological, social, and environmental factors in the onset and progression of psychopathology. Through case studies and critical analysis, students gain a foundational understanding of major categories of disorders, their symptoms, and approaches to assessment and intervention.
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Abnormal Psychology 16th Edition by James N. Butcher
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Chapter 1: Abnormal Psychology: an Overview
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Q1) 1-20.What is wrong with describing someone as being "schizophrenic"?
A)It implies someone is depressed.
B)Such a definitive diagnosis is rare.
C)The behavior of the schizophrenic changes so rapidly that this is only true a small percentage of the time.
D)Labels should be applied to disorders,not to people.
Answer: D
Q2) 1-84.Which research approach requires subjects to recall the past?
A)Reconstructive
B)Repressed
C)Retroactive
D)Retrospective
Answer: D
Q3) 1-73.What is the most important limitation of correlational studies?
A)They cannot determine cause and effect.
B)They are very subject to bias.
C)They rarely have representative samples.
D)They are very difficult to do.
Answer: A
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Historical and Contemporary Views of Abnormal Behavior
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Q1) 1-78.Which of the following individuals is credited with emphasizing the link between brain pathology and mental illness?
A)Dix.
B)Skinner.
C)Bandura.
D)Kraepelin.
Answer: D
Q2) 1-37.How did early treatment of mental patients in the United States compare to that offered in Europe?
A)Treatment in the United States was more humanitarian.
B)It was comparable to that offered in Europe.
C)The techniques employed were more scientifically based than those used in Europe.
D)The treatment approaches used in the United States were more effective than those used in Europe.
Answer: B
Q3) Who was Wilhelm Wundt?
Answer: The man who established the first experimental psychology laboratory.
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Chapter 3: Causal Factors and Viewpoints
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Q1) 1-36.Which of the following statements is true?
A)Most behavioral disorders are determined exclusively by genes.
B)Genes play a role in most mental disorders.
C)Genes do not affect biochemical processes.
D)The genes that will be expressed in an individual are not affected by experience.
Answer: B
Q2) Childhood abuse is commonly seen in those who develop dissociative disorders later in life.Childhood abuse would best be described as a
A)necessary contributory cause.
B)proximal contributory cause.
C)reinforcing contributory cause.
D)distal contributory cause.
Answer: D
Q3) 1-28.Which of the following is true?
A)Most mental disorders are caused only by psychological factors.
B)Most mental disorders have a simple biological explanation.
C)Most mental disorders are caused by neurological damage.
D)Most mental disorders are not caused by neurological damage.
Answer: D
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Clinical Assessment and Diagnosis
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Q1) 1-45.Which of the following would be an example of a projective technique?
A)A troubled teen is asked to select statements that she feels describe her.
B)An alcoholic is told to record the times at which she feels the greatest desire for a drink.
C)An elderly woman is asked to recall the day her father died.
D)A child is asked to draw her family.
Q2) Which of the following is a true statement about assessment and professional orientation?
A)Regardless of whether a therapist is behaviorally or psychodynamically oriented,the same basic assessment procedures are employed.
B)The focus of the assessment will be largely determined by the professional orientation of the clinician.
C)While some assessment procedures will vary,a biological screening and administration of a personality test are components of all assessments.
D)The assessment techniques employed will serve to reveal the causal factors that are most consistent with the clinician's orientation.
Q3) Discuss some of the ethical issues that must be kept in mind when evaluating assessment findings.
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Chapter 5: Stress and Physical and Mental Health
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Q1) The biological cost of adapting to stress is called the __________ .
Q2) 1-62.Estimates of the prevalence of PTSD
A)have not been made.
B)indicate that most people who experience a traumatic event develop PTSD.
C)demonstrate that it is more commonly seen in women.
D)find that it rarely exists as a comorbid condition.
Q3) 1-35.I often find that when I am ill,I am not able to cope effectively with the normal hassles of life.I find myself becoming irritated by things that I would usually be able to ignore.Which of the following would explain this phenomenon?
A)When using resources to deal with one stressor,the ability to tolerate additional stressors may be compromised.
B)Major life changes may impair the ability to cope effectively with daily hassles.
C)During the exhaustion phase of the general adaptation syndrome illness becomes likely.
D)Allostatic load leads to psychological and biological vulnerability.
Q4) Why are uncontrollable stressors especially difficult to deal with?
Q5) A recent development in looking at personality in cardiovascular disease is the __________ personality,which includes insecurity and anxiety.
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Chapter 6: Panic,anxiety,obsessions,and Their Disorders
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Q1) 1-69.Harold's panic attacks have become so severe that he has finally sought treatment.He sees a psychiatrist who writes Harold a prescription that should offer him some immediate relief.Which of the following drugs is Harold most likely to have been prescribed?
A)SSRIs
B)Tricyclics
C)Monamine oxidase inhibitors
D)Benzodiazepines
Q2) 1-42.Panic attacks,by definition,
A)are seen in individuals with panic disorder.
B)are unexpected ("uncued").
C)require the presence of at least 4 of 13 characteristic symptoms.
D)are 30-60 minutes in duration.
Q3) 1-54.Approximately ___ to ___ of people with severe agoraphobia are women.
A)10; 20
B)30; 40
C)60; 70
D)80; 90
Q4) 3-11.What are obsessions? Compulsions? Give an example of each.
Q5) What is necessary for a diagnosis of generalized anxiety disorder?
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Chapter 7: Mood Disorders and Suicide
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Q1) 1-68.The main difference between a manic episode and a hypomanic episode is
A)whether the person also experiences depression.
B)the number of symptoms the person has.
C)whether the person has irritable mood.
D)the amount of social and occupational impairment.
Q2) 1-48.Freud suggested that depression
A)was actually a healthy adaptation to stress.
B)was a result of overly high self-esteem.
C)involved the anal stage of development.
D)was anger turned inward.
Q3) 1-109.Which of the following is most likely to attempt,but not complete,suicide?
A)14-year-old Joan who has been depressed since her parent's divorce
B)Charlie,a 16-year-old with a history of petty crimes
C)12-year-old Paul who receives constant rejection from the girls at school and has an overprotective mother
D)Crystal,a 14-year-old substance abusing teen who has been diagnosed with attention deficit disorder
Q4) The diagnosis of __________ occurs when symptoms are similar to a manic episode but are milder.
Q5) Describe the hopelessness theory of depression.
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Chapter 8: Somatic Symptom and Dissociative Disorders
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Q1) 1-56.Dissociative identity disorder was formerly known as
A)psychogenic amnesia.
B)multiple personality disorder.
C)conversion hysteria.
D)neurasthenia.
Q2) 1-46.Although Charlie remembered most of the main issues of the meeting,he had no recollection of the decision to eliminate the department that he headed.Which disorder would be in effect?
A)dissociative disorder
B)conversion disorder
C)factitious disorder
D)somatic symptom disorder
Q3) 1-53.In the study mentioned in the text,the German man who had dissociative fugue denied that he could speak German.However,he learned German-English word pairs much faster than control words.This supports that
A)mainly episodic memory is lost,implicit memory stays intact.
B)mainly implicit memory is lost,episodic memory stays intact.
C)both episodic and implicit memory are affected.
D)most people with dissociative fugue are faking.
Q4) Explain the difference between somatization disorder and hypochondriasis.
Page 10
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Chapter 9: Eating Disorders and Obesity
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Q1) 1-69.In which of the following countries are at least one-third of adults obese?
A)China
B)Japan
C)United Kingdom
D)United States
Q2) 1-65.Our current knowledge of the efficacy of treating eating disorders
A)is quite thorough because there are many controlled studies comparing long-term outcomes.
B)is much more detailed for anorexia nervosa than for bulimia nervosa.
C)suggests that hospitalization is most effective for long-term maintenance of treatment gains.
D)suggests that cognitive-behavioral therapy is one of the treatments of choice.
Q3) 1-63.Family therapy for anorexia appears to be most effective when it is used to treat A)adolescents.
B)adults.
C)men.
D)those with comorbid depressive and/or anxiety symptoms.
Q4) Why is the term "anorexia nervosa" a misnomer?
Q5) What most clearly separates the anorexic from the bulimic?
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Chapter 10: Personality Disorders
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Q1) 1-109.Which of the following seems to have the most impact in decreasing the amount of criminal activities of people with psychopathy and antisocial personality disorder?
A)Cognitive behavioral treatment
B)Medication
C)Growing older
D)Nothing has any impact
Q2) 1-80.Avoidant personality disorder is extremely similar to and hard to distinguish from
A)generalized social phobia.
B)schizoid personality disorder.
C)generalized anxiety disorder.
D)paranoid personality disorder.
Q3) According to the DSM-5,which of the following must be true for a personality disorder diagnosis?
A)The patient's behavior must reflect a lack of impulse control.
B)The patient must experience mild irritability.
C)Signs of psychosis must be present.
D)The person's behavior problems must cause them distress or impairment.
Q4) What are examples of dangerous behavior seen in borderline personality disorder?
Page 12
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Chapter 11: Substance-Related Disorders
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Q1) 1-26.Alcohol withdrawal delirium
A)occurs when alcohol and other drugs are used simultaneously.
B)most commonly occurs in alcoholics who suffer from a mood or personality disorder.
C)typically lasts from three to six days.
D)is characterized by dissociative and amnesic symptoms.
Q2) 3-10.Describe and give an example of the abstinence violation effect?
Q3) 1-89.Which statement about crack cocaine use is accurate?
A)Because crack cocaine is inexpensive,users do not have the life problems seen in other addicted populations.
B)Chronic users develop sexual dysfunctions and a disinterest in sex.
C)Fetal crack syndrome is as distinct and damaging as fetal alcohol syndrome.
D)Because crack cocaine is associated with passivity and depression,chronic users are less likely to die a violent death than other addicted populations.
Q4) 1-93.Amphetamine psychosis resembles
A)acute hypertension.
B)Korsakoff's syndrome.
C)paranoid schizophrenia.
D)borderline personality disorder.
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Chapter 12: Sexual Variants,abuse,and Dysfunctions
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Q1) 1-31.Most sadists are A)heterosexual men.
B)homosexual men.
C)heterosexual women.
D)homosexual women.
Q2) 1-91.The first phase of the human sexual response is: A)arousal.
B)desire. C)orgasm.
D)resolution.
Q3) 1-35.Cross-gender identification is characteristic of A)transvestic fetishism. B)exhibitionism. C)frotteurism.
D)gender dysphoria.
Q4) What are some personality characteristics of rapists?
Q5) Discuss the two main controversies concerning childhood sexual abuse.
Q6) The theory developed in the 1750s that centered on the idea that semen is necessary for physical and sexual vigor in men is the __________ theory.
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Q7) _____________is discomfort with one's sex-relevant physical characteristics.
Chapter 13: Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders
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Q1) 1-39.Harold and Tanya both have a wide range of schizophrenic symptoms.Harold's symptoms have lasted for eight months; Tanya's have lasted only eight weeks.According to the DSM-5,their diagnoses should be
A)schizophrenia for Harold; schizophreniform disorder for Tanya.
B)disorganized schizophrenia for Harold; schizophrenia for Tanya.
C)schizoaffective disorder for Harold; schizophreniform disorder for Tanya.
D)schizophreniform disorder for Harold; brief psychotic disorder for Tanya.
Q2) 1-87.Social-skills training for people with schizophrenia
A)has been very successful in reducing symptoms.
B)tries to help people learn a trade so they can earn a living.
C)tries to help people gain the skills they need for daily living outside the hospital.
D)tries to help cure people of schizophrenia.
Q3) 1-71.Which of the following is a brain area that has been shown to be involved in schizophrenia?
A)Parietal lobe
B)Occipital lobe
C)Hippocampus
D)Hypothalamus
Q4) Why is immigration associated with an increased risk of schizophrenia?
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Chapter 14: Neurocognitive Disorders
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Q1) 1-77.The effects of head trauma on memory suggest that
A)short-term memory is not affected by physical trauma.
B)the process of memory consolidation can be interrupted.
C)semantic memory is usually affected when an injury is severe enough to produce a loss of consciousness.
D)rarely are episodic memories affected by head trauma.
Q2) 1-57.Caregivers of patients with Alzheimer's disease
A)experience "social death."
B)are at extraordinarily high risk for depression.
C)show high levels of ApoE,even if they do not show any outward anxiety symptoms.
D)are likely to show signs of cognitive deterioration.
Q3) 1-75.The occurrence of which of the following after a head injury suggests a poor prognosis?
A)Concussion
B)Retrograde amnesia
C)Contusion
D)Anterograde amnesia
Q4) How can a diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease be definitively made?
Q5) What factors determine the amount of impairment from brain damage?
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Chapter 15: Disorders of Childhood and Adolescence
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Q1) Juliet is a depressed child.When she wins a prize at school for her art project,how is she likely to explain it?
A)I was the best.
B)My teacher likes me.
C)I got lucky.
D)I worked hard.
Q2) 1-98.Genetic factors
A)are very common in all levels of retardation.
B)are clearly involved in the more severe forms of retardation.
C)are involved only in cases of profound retardation.
D)are involved only in Down syndrome.
Q3) 1-75.Autism is similar to schizophrenia in its
A)age of onset.
B)cause being due in part to genetic vulnerability.
C)symptoms of delusions.
D)responsiveness to treatment.
Q4) The parrot-like repetition of speech seen in some children with autism is also called
Q5) What is coprolalia?
Q6) What are three factors that can cause intellectual disability?
Page 17
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Chapter 16: Therapy
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Q1) Behavior therapy is based on the belief that
A)medications cause more harm than good.
B)internal states,such as thoughts and feelings,are not as important as overt behavior.
C)abnormal behavior is learned the same ways as normal behavior and can be unlearned.
D)thoughts influence behavior and thoughts can be changed.
Q2) In the mid-1900s,prefrontal lobotomies were popular as a treatment because A)there were not many other available treatments.
B)they worked so well.
C)they worked faster than any other treatment.
D)they worked for so many disorders.
Q3) When asked what their orientation is,what do most of today's psychotherapists say?
A)Behavioral
B)Cognitive-behavioral
C)Eclectic
D)Interpersonal
Q4) Neuroleptics are also called __________ .
Q5) What is token economy?
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Chapter 17: Contemporary and Legal Issues in Abnormal Psychology
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Q1) One of the main reasons it is so hard to predict future dangerousness is
A)there are no psychological tests to help measure dangerousness.
B)most potentially violent people refuse to talk to therapists.
C)there is very little research into who becomes violent and who doesn't,and why.
D)situational circumstances play as large a role as an individual's personality traits.
Q2) Although the majority of currently disordered persons shows no tendency toward violence,an increased risk of violence is likely among those who
A)currently experience psychotic symptoms.
B)have been extremely emotionally rigid in the past.
C)have just experienced a natural or man-made form of disaster.
D)are religiously preoccupied.
Q3) Although the rate of adolescent substance use has decreased, A)tobacco use has been eliminated.
B)binge drinking has not.
C)alcohol and tobacco use remains a persistent problem.
D)adult use has increased.
Q4) What factors increase the risk of violence in someone with mental illness?
Q5) What principles guide the approach called milieu therapy?
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