Foundations of Psychology Test Preparation
Course Introduction
Foundations of Psychology introduces students to the scientific study of behavior, mental processes, and the biological, psychological, and social factors that influence them. This course explores major theories, key concepts, and research methods in psychological science, covering topics such as perception, cognition, learning, memory, motivation, development, personality, emotion, and the impact of culture and society on human behavior. Through lectures, discussions, and case studies, students gain a comprehensive understanding of the principles underlying human thought and action, laying the groundwork for advanced study in psychology and related disciplines.
Recommended Textbook
The World of Psychology 7th Canadian Edition by by Samuel E. Wood
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3875 Verified Questions
3875 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Introduction to Psychology
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243 Verified Questions
243 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is experimenter bias, and how is it controlled?
Answer: Experimenter bias occurs when researchers' preconceived notions or expectations cause them to find what they expect to find; to influence the results. To control for this effect, researchers must not know which participants are assigned to the experimental and control groups. Until after the research data are collected and recorded.
Q2) Which research method is used to determine the relationship between two characteristics, events or behaviours?
A) The survey
B) The correlational method
C) The case study
D) Naturalistic observation
Answer: B
Q3) Behaviourism is to ________ as psychoanalysis is to ________.
A) limited; unlimited
B) observable behaviour; unconscious mental forces
C) animals; humans
D) correlational method; experimental method
Answer: B
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Biology and Behaviour
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Sample Questions
Q1) The imaging technique used to show the amount of activity taking place in various parts of the brain is the
A) MRI.
B) CT scan.
C) PET scan
D) EEG.
Answer: C
Q2) Which association areas house your memory for familiar sounds and melodies?
A) Frontal
B) Parietal
C) Temporal
D) Occipital
Answer: C
Q3) Which lobes are located near the back of the head?
A) Frontal
B) Parietal
C) Occipital
D) Temporal
Answer: C
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Sensation and Perception
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Sample Questions
Q1) The Gestalt principle of closure refers to our tendency to complete figures with gaps in them.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) Each of the following statements about all colour-blind people is true, except
A) "They are usually aware of their problem."
B) "Most of them see the world black, white and shades of grey."
C) "They usually are unable to distinguish certain colours, but rarely have total absence of colour vision."
D) "They lack normal genes for the three colour pigments."
Answer: B
Q3) The process by which sensory receptors convert sensory stimulation-light, sound, odours, etc.-into neural impulses is
A) transduction
B) stimulus generalization.
C) perception.
D) signal detection.
Answer: A
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Page 5
Chapter 4: States of Conciousness
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Sample Questions
Q1) The most fundamental altered state is
A) sleep
B) states reached through meditation.
C) alcoholduced.
D) a drug-induced state.
Q2) What are parasomnias?
Q3) Cocaine and amphetamines are highly rewarding because they increase the effect of the neurotransmitter
A) dopamine
B) serotonin.
C) acetylcholine.
D) GABA.
Q4) A "short sleeper" refers to someone who needs
A) less space which to sleep.
B) little preparation to fall asleep
C) short naps during the day.
D) less than six hours of sleep per night
Q5) How does cocaine affect the user?
Q6) As Amy grows from infancy to old age, how is her sleep pattern likely to change?
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Q7) What is the difference between physical and psychological drug dependence?
Chapter 5: Learning
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Sample Questions
Q1) Andrea's mother always puts special napkins on the table when she serves fried chicken, Andrea's favourite food. Now Andrea begins to salivate as soon as she sees the special napkins on the table. Salivating to the sight of the napkins in this situation is the
A) conditioned stimulus.
B) conditioned response
C) unconditioned response.
D) unconditioned stimulus.
Q2) In operant conditioning, the consequences of behaviour are manipulated to increase or decrease the frequency of a response or to shape an entirely new response.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The schedule of reinforcement that requires subjects to make a certain number of correct responses to receive a reward is called a
A) variable-ratio schedule.
B) fixed-ratio schedule
C) variable-interval schedule.
D) fixed-interval schedule.
Q4) What is behaviour modification?
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Chapter 6: Memory
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262 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Short-term memory usually codes information according to A) visual images.
B) sound
C) meaning.
D) episodes.
Q2) How many different memory systems does the Atkinson and Shiffrin model propose?
A) Five
B) Two
C) Four
D) Three
Q3) Which of the following influence what we notice and how we encode information into memory?
A) Chunks
B) Eidetic imagery
C) Recency effects
D) Schemas
Q4) What is the relearning method? What are its advantages and how is it used? Give an example from your life.
Q5) Compare and contrast retroactive with proactive interference with regard to memory.
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Chapter 7: Cognition, Language, and Intelligence
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Sample Questions
Q1) Discuss Terman's longitudinal study of the gifted and its major findings.
Q2) During a discussion of environmental psychology, Jeff is asked to think about a house. If Jeff imagines his own home, he is using which of the following approaches to concept formation?
A) The positive and negativestance approach
B) The systematic approach
C) The formal approach
D) The exemplar approach
Q3) Since 1979, I have headed research involving the study of over 100 sets of twins and triplets who were reared apart. Who am I?
A) Lewis Terman
B) Sandra Scarr
C) Thomas Bouchard
D) Francis Galton
Q4) The deviation score is one of the contributions of
A) Alfred Binet.
B) Lewis M. Terman.
C) David Wechsler
D) William Stern.
Q5) What is creativity, and what tests have been designed to measure it?
Page 9
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Chapter 8: Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) How would Bjorn, who is at the conventional level of morality, respond to a question concerning why it is wrong to steal?
A) "You get spanked for stealing."
B) "For the good of all people, property rights must be protected."
C) "People who steal don't win the long run."
D) "Stealing is against the law."
Q2) Which of the following is not a cognitive limitation of a child's thinking during the preoperational stage?
A) Egocentrism
B) Lack of object permanence
C) Lack of both conservation and reversibility
D) Centration
Q3) What are the four attachment patterns identified by Mary Ainsworth?
A) Secure, resistant, disorganized and avoidant
B) dependent,dependent,coherent and marginal
C) tight, loose, tethered and fragmented
D) reserved, fearful, demanding and relaxed
Q4) What cognitive abilities do children acquire during the concrete operations stage?
Q5) How are hereditary traits transmitted?
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Chapter 9: Motivation and Emotion
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Sample Questions
Q1) Boris imagines that he just lost a very close friend. If he produces tension in facial muscles normally active during frowning, how will this affect his emotional experience?
A) It will cause an emotional reaction that is opposite to the normally experienced emotion.
B) It willtensify his negative emotional experience
C) It will reduce thetensity of his negative emotional experience.
D) It will have no impact on his emotional reaction to the stimuli.
Q2) Some critics of Lazarus point out that some emotional reactions are instantaneous-occurring too rapidly to pass through cognitive appraisal. Lazarus responds that
A) these are not true emotions.
B) instinctual emotions bypass cognition.
C) some mental processing occurs without conscious awareness
D) his theory has this one problem only.
Q3) According to Maslow, safety and physiological needs are the highest human needs.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What are the five levels in Maslow's hierarchy of needs and how do they influence us?
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Chapter 10: Social Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) If our initial reaction to a person is highly negative, and frequent exposure makes us feel even more negatively toward the person, such feelings would be explained as
A) not related to the mere-exposure effect.
B) the effects of proximity.
C) the mere-exposure effect.
D) an exception to the mere-exposure effect
Q2) Group discussion often results in members of a group shifting to a more extreme position in whatever direction they were leaning initially. What is this phenomenon called?
A) Group polarization
B) Groupthink
C) Social loafing
D) Social facilitation
Q3) About what percentage of abused children become abusive parents?
A) 90 percent
B) 75 percent
C) 30 percent
D) 10 percent
Q4) How important is physical attractiveness in attraction?
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Chapter 11: Personality Theory and Assessment
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Sample Questions
Q1) Id is to ________ as ego is to ________.
A) pleasure-seeking; rational
B) rational; moral
C) pleasure-seeking; moral
D) moral: rational
Q2) While little experimental evidence supports psychoanalytic concepts, the text does describe support for
A) unconscious mental processing and repression
B) the ego, id, superego structure.
C) free association and fixation.
D) Freudian dreamterpretation.
Q3) Sigmund Freud's theory is built on
A) a theoretical description of the way which people learn to socialize from their family.
B) assumptions about lifelong human growth and development.
C) the concept of psychic determinism.
D) information gained from the treatment of his patients and his own life experiences
Q4) Explain Jung's view on archetypes.
Q5) Compare and contrast Allport and Cattell on their classification of traits.
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Chapter 12: Health and Stress
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Sample Questions
Q1) The diagnosis of AIDS is made when
A) the person is an asymptomatic carrier and possiblyfecting others.
B) the immune system is so damaged that victims develop opportunisticfections
C) the HIV antibody, or t-cell count rises above 750.
D) the person is firstfected, because HIV is the same as AIDS.
Q2) Which of the following statements is true regarding the effects of aerobic exercise on cardiovascular risk?
A) More than three hours per week does not reduce cardiovascular risk further
B) Risk is not lowered unless exercise occurs daily.
C) Fifteen minutes at least two times a week reduces one's risk.
D) The longer and the more often one does aerobic exercise, the greater the benefits.
Q3) Eileen is a person who has a relatively stress-resistant personality. Eileen would probably be high in A) affecttensity.
B) psychological hardiness
C) Type A characteristics.
D) expressiveness.
Q4) Describe the relationship between psychological factors and immune system function.
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Chapter 13: Psychology Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) The formation of separate personalities in the dissociative identity disorder is thought, by some theorists, to be a way of:
A) avoiding the responsibility of adulthood.
B) hiding the true nature of an illness.
C) coping withtolerable abuse
D) adjusting to extreme social isolation.
Q2) Compare and contrast the causes of abnormal behaviour according to the biological, psychodynamic, learning, humanistic, and cognitive perspectives.
Q3) Zelda suffers from schizophrenia. Her primary symptom is experiencing delusions of persecution. This type of schizophrenia is called
A) undifferentiated schizophrenia.
B) catatonic schizophrenia.
C) disorganized schizophrenia.
D) paranoid schizophrenia
Q4) What are the symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder?
Q5) Describe dissociative disorder?
Q6) Compare and contrast the main characteristics of catatonic, disorganized, and paranoid schizophrenia.
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Chapter 14: Therapies
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to Albert Ellis, much personal distress has its basis in
A) existential anxiety.
B) faulty learning.
C) irrational beliefs
D) unconscious conflict.
Q2) A basic assumption underlying the various behaviour therapies is that psychological disorder is the result of
A) failure to achieve self-actualization.
B) faulty learning
C) unresolved unconscious conflict.
D) low self-esteem.
Q3) Hormone replacement therapy is one of the main biological therapies for psychological disorders.
A)True
B)False
Q4) How do traditional and integrated behavioural couple therapies differ?
Q5) Lithium is considered a wonder drug because it helps bipolar patients and has no potential harmful effects.
A)True
B)False
Page 16
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