Foundations of Psychology Test Preparation
Course Introduction
Foundations of Psychology introduces students to the scientific study of human behavior and mental processes. The course covers the major concepts, theories, and research methods in psychology, including biological foundations of behavior, sensation and perception, learning, memory, cognition, development, motivation, emotion, and personality. Students will explore how psychological knowledge can be applied to understand individuals and society, with an emphasis on critical thinking, ethical considerations, and the historical context of the discipline. This foundational course provides a broad overview designed to support further study in psychology and related fields.
Recommended Textbook
Psychological Science 4th Edition by Michael
Gazzaniga
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15 Chapters
2828 Verified Questions
2828 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/study-set/1015
Page 2
Chapter 1: The Science of Psychology
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133 Verified Questions
133 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/20126
Sample Questions
Q1) A genome is a:
A) genetic blueprint
B) sex chromosome
C) mythical creature
D) component of DNA
Answer: A
Q2) Who would be most likely to agree with the statement,"Psychologists should study that which is observable"?
A) cognitive psychologist
B) behavioral psychologist
C) developmental psychologist
D) industrial/organizational psychologist
Answer: B
Q3) Which of the following psychologists is most closely associated with the Gestalt school of thought?
A) Sigmund Freud
B) B. F. Skinner
C) Wolfgang Köhler
D) William James
Answer: C
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Chapter 2: Research Methodology
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160 Verified Questions
160 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/20127
Sample Questions
Q1) If you wanted to conduct observational research but were concerned that the people you observed would change their behaviors due to reactivity,you could:
A) avoid debriefing them
B) use a blinded study
C) conduct culturally sensitive research
D) rule out alternative explanations
Answer: B
Q2) A store owner wants to make sure she has enough shirts in the right sizes in her inventory,so she buys a lot of shirts in the most popular size.In order to make this purchase,what type of statistic would she want to know?
A) mode
B) mean
C) standard deviation
D) range
Answer: A
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4
Chapter 3: Biology and Behavior
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214 Verified Questions
214 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/20128
Sample Questions
Q1) What happens when the action potential reaches the terminal button?
A) The signal terminates, or ends.
B) The signal causes the vesicles to release neurotransmitters.
C) The terminal button sends it down the axon.
D) The signal causes reuptake of neurotransmitters in the synapse.
Answer: B
Q2) The action of neural firing as it proceeds down the axon is similar to which of the following types of movement?
A) skipping
B) crawling
C) running laps
D) driving on a road
Answer: A
Q3) Narcotics,such as heroin and morphine,are probably rapidly addictive because they:
A) block neural transmission
B) cause a placebo effect
C) activate the release of substance P
D) bind to endorphin receptors
Answer: D
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Sensation and Perception
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179 Verified Questions
179 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/20129
Sample Questions
Q1) The size of an object's retinal image is _____ correlated with _____.
A) negatively; the amount of attention we pay to it
B) negatively; its distance
C) positively; the amount of attention we pay to it
D) positively; its distance
Q2) After being in a car crash,Yuri has the selective inability to recognize faces.He is most likely suffering from _____ due to damage to his _____.
A) agnosia; primary visual cortex
B) agnosia; fusiform gyrus
C) prosopagnosia; primary visual cortex
D) prosopagnosia; fusiform gyrus
Q3) This motion cue for depth perception specifies that near objects seem to pass more quickly than objects that are farther away.
A) stereoscopic motion
B) convergence
C) motion aftereffects
D) motion parallax
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6
Chapter 5: Consciousness
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152 Verified Questions
152 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/20130
Sample Questions
Q1) Evan was born prematurely.Because he may stop breathing for temporary periods while asleep,he is given oxygen at night to compensate for his lowered oxygen levels and sleep disruption during these episodes.It is likely that Evan has:
A) sleep apnea
B) sleep apraxia
C) narcolepsy
D) insomnia
Q2) According to your text,the interpreter effect refers to the:
A) propensity of the right hemisphere to construct a world that makes sense
B) propensity of the left hemisphere to construct a world that makes sense
C) ability of the right hemisphere to begin to interpret language
D) ability of the left hemisphere to interpret language for the right hemisphere
Q3) Which of the following brain areas is responsible for secreting melatonin?
A) pineal gland
B) suprachiasmic nuclei
C) reticular formation
D) substantia nigra
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Chapter 6: Learning
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177 Verified Questions
177 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/20131
Sample Questions
Q1) What is the main difference between classical conditioning and operant conditioning?
A) Classical conditioning uses reward-based learning, whereas operant conditioning is caused by reflexive actions.
B) Classical conditioning is caused by reflexive actions, whereas operant conditioning requires cognitive evaluation.
C) Classical conditioning requires learning two events are related, whereas operant conditioning demonstrates that behavior leads to a consequence.
D) Classical conditioning demonstrates that behavior leads to a consequence, whereas operant conditioning is caused by reflexive actions.
Q2) In _____,learning occurs when two types of events are paired closely in time.
A) classical conditioning
B) operant conditioning
C) observational learning
D) social learning
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8
Chapter 7: Attention and Memory
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194 Verified Questions
194 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/20132
Sample Questions
Q1) Yelizaveta is talking to one of the caterers setting up for her sister's wedding.While Yelizaveta is answering her cell phone,a different member of the catering staff takes over.When Yelizaveta turns back to the conversation,she completely fails to notice that she is now talking to a different person.Yelizaveta is experiencing:
A) divided attention
B) change blindness
C) selective attention
D) serial processing
Q2) After Itohan was in a serious car accident she could remember everything that had happened to her before the accident,but she could not form new memories.Itohan most likely has _____ amnesia.
A) anterograde
B) retrograde
C) source
D) childhood
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9
Chapter 8: Thinking and Intelligence
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213 Verified Questions
213 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/20133
Sample Questions
Q1) Joel is fantastic at solving logic problems and analogies,but he does not have a very good vocabulary and could not find most countries on a map.Joel would probably score _____ on a test of crystallized intelligence and _____ on a test of fluid intelligence.
A) low; low
B) low; high
C) high; high
D) high; low
Q2) Altering the manner in which information is presented to highlight the possible gains or losses of an alternative can affect decision making.This technique is known as:
A) heuristics
B) framing
C) restructuring
D) loss aversion
Q3) A major problem with the prototype model is that it does NOT:
A) clearly define how a prototype is determined
B) specify the relationship between a prototype and exemplars
C) clarify the boundaries of the category
D) define the nature of a prototype outside a specific category
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10
Chapter 9: Human Development
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203 Verified Questions
203 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/20134
Sample Questions
Q1) Crystallized intelligence is to fluid intelligence as:
A) abstract is to concrete
B) general is to specific
C) fact is to analogy
D) young is to old
Q2) As described in the text,Harlow did an experiment with infant rhesus monkeys,requiring them to make a choice between an imitation mother that provided contact comfort or one that provided food.The results demonstrate that for this species:
A) food is the most important reinforcement
B) food is used as a method for tension reduction in the young
C) contact comfort is more important than food, particularly during stress
D) infants were distressed because the "mother" providing contact comfort did not also supply food
Q3) Visual acuity reaches adult levels in a child:
A) within weeks after birth
B) at approximately 1 year
C) by the first grade
D) at about age 10
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Chapter 10: Emotion and Motivation
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191 Verified Questions
191 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/20135
Sample Questions
Q1) Sadao seems to make the same mistakes over and over again.His friends are constantly telling him,"Don't do that.Remember how badly it turned out the last time!" But Sadao never listens.He insists,every time,that this is a new situation.According to somatic marker theory,Sadao most likely has damage to his:
A) amygdala
B) hippocampus
C) frontal lobes
D) prefrontal cortex
Q2) Aurore has been in a skiing accident.She remembers everything about her life,but does not seem to experience any emotions about her memories or about new things that happen.Aurore most likely has experienced damage to her _____,making her
A) prefrontal cortex; insensitive to somatic markers
B) prefrontal cortex; unable to interpret emotional cues
C) amygdala; insensitive to somatic markers
D) amygdala; unable to interpret emotional cues
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Chapter 11: Health and Well-Being
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182 Verified Questions
182 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/20136
Sample Questions
Q1) Research suggests that the average adult smoker,compared to the nonsmoker:
A) can plan to live about a decade less B) underestimates the number of people who smoke C) did not try cigarettes until college
D) overestimates the number of health problems he or she has
Q2) In a well-known study of California men,being hostile and impatient was found to be related to _____,which shows that _____.
A) heart disease; genes control the development of disease
B) immune functioning; stress is a function of lifestyle
C) heart disease; psychological factors are important in disease development
D) hormonal dysfunction; gender will have an effect on disease development
Q3) Which hormone is assumed to stimulate infant/mother bonding during breast feeding?
A) serotonin
B) oxytocin
C) peptide
D) androgen
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Chapter 12: Social Psychology
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174 Verified Questions
174 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/20137
Sample Questions
Q1) Since coming to college,Roger has eaten many kinds of foods that he had never even heard of before.He has found that he dislikes oysters but enjoys sushi.What difference could you predict between his attitudes to oysters and sushi?
A) He came to dislike oysters faster than he came to like sushi.
B) He dislikes oysters more than he likes sushi.
C) He had a bias against oysters but not sushi before trying both foods.
D) He will be more likely to come to enjoy oysters than to stop enjoying sushi.
Q2) Dr.Johannson is going to give a speech arguing for stricter emissions standards for cars.For his speech to be the most persuasive to an environmental group,he should use _____ arguments.For his speech to be the most persuasive to a group of automobile manufacturers,he should use _____ arguments.
A) one-sided; balanced
B) balanced; one-sided
C) emotional; rational
D) rational; emotional
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Chapter 13: Personality
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209 Verified Questions
209 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/20138
Sample Questions
Q1) Temperamental differences in humans are primarily a function of:
A) exposure to different early environments
B) different parenting styles
C) underlying differences in biological processes
D) gender differences
Q2) According to Gray's model of personality,extraverts are likely to _____ new situations and people and introverts are likely to _____ new situations and people.
A) approach; approach
B) avoid; avoid
C) avoid; approach
D) approach; avoid
Q3) The Rorschach inkblot test is an example of a(n)_____ measure of personality.
A) projective
B) nomothetic
C) objective
D) idiographic
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Page 15
Chapter 14: Psychological Disorders
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209 Verified Questions
209 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/20139
Sample Questions
Q1) The role of hereditary factors in autism:
A) has been based on large-scale studies of autistic parents and their children
B) was more prevalent when the disorder was first defined, in the 1960s
C) has recently been confirmed by family and twin studies
D) is about equal to that played by environmental factors, such as parenting
Q2) If schizophrenia did NOT have a genetic basis,then concordance for schizophrenia in identical twins would be:
A) very low
B) about 12 percent
C) about 25 percent
D) a little over 50 percent
Q3) According to your textbook,a mental disorder that involves a person's losing awareness of time and events is called:
A) dissociative amnesia
B) dissociative fugue
C) schizophrenia
D) bipolar disorder
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Page 16
Chapter 15: Treatment of Psychological Disorders
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238 Verified Questions
238 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/20140
Sample Questions
Q1) The use of haloperidol and chlorpromazine to treat schizophrenia:
A) has been largely ineffective in spite of early enthusiasm for the drugs
B) may produce motor side effects resembling those of Parkinson's disease
C) is best for relatively mild forms of the disorder
D) is especially recommended because of the drugs' minor side effects
Q2) According to your textbook,the prognosis for an autistic child is:
A) poor because problematic behaviors and deficits persist into adulthood
B) poor if treated with behavioral modification
C) excellent if biological treatments are used
D) good if the disease appears later in life
Q3) Jered is suicidal.He has been seriously depressed for about a year and is saying that he wants to "end it all." He has not responded to typical drug therapies.His psychiatrist believes it is critical to try something that will work as effectively and as quickly as possible.His psychiatrist will probably recommend:
A) electroconvulsive therapy
B) lithium
C) a combination of a MAO-inhibitor and lithium
D) up to three antidepressant medications and an antipsychotic
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17