Foundations of Psychology Test Bank
Course Introduction
Foundations of Psychology introduces students to the fundamental principles, theories, and research methods that form the basis of psychological science. The course covers core topics such as biological bases of behavior, sensation and perception, learning, memory, cognition, development, motivation, emotion, personality, psychological disorders, and social behavior. Students will explore how psychologists study the mind and behavior, critically evaluate empirical findings, and apply psychological concepts to everyday life. Through a combination of lectures, discussions, and practical activities, this course lays the groundwork for further study in psychology and related fields.
Recommended Textbook
Psychology From Inquiry to Understanding 2nd Australia Edition by Scott O. Lilienfeld
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17 Chapters
2610 Verified Questions
2610 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/study-set/3527
2
Chapter 1: Science and Pseudoscience in Psychology
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127 Verified Questions
127 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/70060
Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following logical fallacies is like a self-serving bias because we assume they apply to other people's information processing more often than our own?
A)Bandwagon fallacy
B)Either-or fallacy
C)Emotional reasoning fallacy
D)Not me fallacy
Answer: D
Q2) According to ________ management theory, an awareness of the inevitability of our own death leaves many people with an underlying sense of fear.
A)discontinuity
B)thanatos
C)mortality
D)terror
Answer: D
Q3) ________ refers to the idea that a study's results have been independently verified by others and are not simply the result of chance or coincidence.
Answer: Replicability
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Chapter 2: Research Methods
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113 Verified Questions
113 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/70059
Sample Questions
Q1) The major advantage of a correlational design over a naturalistic observation or a case study design is that a correlational design allows us to ________.
Answer: make predictions (OR make predictions about future events OR describe and make predictions about behaviour)
Q2) One important purpose of the peer-review process is to identify A)spelling and grammatical errors.
B)flaws that could undermine a study's findings and conclusions.
C)other researchers interested in the same field of study.
D)the popularity of a given research area.
Answer: B
Q3) The most important characteristic for a psychological measure to have is A)objectivity.
B)readability.
C)reliability.
D)validity.
Answer: D
Q4) In most experimental and correlational studies, the researcher is required to obtain the participant's ________.
Answer: informed consent
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Chapter 3: Biological Psychology
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165 Verified Questions
165 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/70058
Sample Questions
Q1) The main excitatory neurotransmitter in the nervous system, which plays a role in the relay of sensory information and learning, is
A)glutamate.
B)gamma-aminobutyric acid.
C)acetylcholine.
D)serotonin.
Answer: A
Q2) The area housed inside of the cortex and located at the very back of the brain is called the ________. It contains the midbrain, pons, and medulla.
A)corpus callosum
B)diencephalon
C)brainstem
D)arachnoid meninx
Answer: C
Q3) The pathways emanating from the RAS activate the cortex by increasing the ________ ________.
Answer: signal-to-noise ratio
Q4) The part of the brain dedicated to emotion is called the ________.
Answer: limbic system
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Chapter 4: Sensation and Perception
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141 Verified Questions
141 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/70057
Sample Questions
Q1) The colour of light is what psychologists call
A)brightness.
B)hue.
C)synesthesia.
D)timbre.
Q2) Infant Esme is just waking up from her nap. As her mum enters the room, Esme turns her head in Mum's direction. Which of the following allowed Esme to know the direction Mum would be entering from?
A)Echolocation
B)Sound shadow
C)Auditory perceptual cues
D)Binaural cues
Q3) Brightness refers to the intensity of light. The corresponding term when discussing sound is A)hue.
B)loudness.
C)pitch.
D)timbre.
Q4) A slap to the back is perceived as less painful than a paper cut on one's finger because of ________.
Page 6
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Chapter 5: Consciousness
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150 Verified Questions
150 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/70056
Sample Questions
Q1) Which class of psychoactive drugs works by increasing activity within the nervous system?
A)Depressants
B)Opiates
C)Psychedelics
D)Stimulants
Q2) Dwayne and his nine-year-old son are sitting at the breakfast table and talking about various things. The son mentions a dream he had about his favourite toy. Dwayne mentions a bizarre dream he had the previous night. These differences in the content of dreams is best explained by
A)activation-synthesis theory.
B)dream protection theory.
C)neurocognitive theory.
D)sleep dissociation theory.
Q3) The most commonly reported sleep problem is ________.
Q4) The sleep disorder(s)most likely to be diagnosed during childhood is/are
Q5) Sleep spindles are a type of brain activity that are associated with stage ________ of the sleep cycle.
Page 7
Q6) The ________ theory focuses entirely on the biological underpinnings of dreams.
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Chapter 6: Learning
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167 Verified Questions
167 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/70055
Sample Questions
Q1) If Sam is afraid of spiders, the two-process theory suggests that his fear of spiders is the result of ________ conditioning and this fear is maintained by ________ conditioning.
Q2) The activity of mirror neurons is most salient in a discussion of ________ learning.
Q3) Ken's mouth waters every time he hears the ice-cream truck's familiar song in the distance. One day, a slightly different song is heard in the distance and Ken's mouth waters. Ken's behaviour illustrates
A)stimulus generalisation.
B)stimulus assimilation.
C)stimulus recovery.
D)stimulus discrimination.
Q4) According to the theory of classical conditioning, an unconditioned stimulus is a stimulus that elicits
A)a response after being paired with a conditioned stimulus.
B)a conditioned response.
C)a response after being paired with another stimulus.
D)an automatic response.
Q5) In Watson's study involving "Little Albert", a ________ was the CS.
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Chapter 7: Memory
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173 Verified Questions
173 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/70054
Sample Questions
Q1) Liv has just seen a commercial advertising a fancy kind of make-up that she would like to buy. She does not have a pen or a piece of paper to write down the telephone number, so she repeats to herself over and over again while she runs into the kitchen to find the telephone. Liv is currently using the process of ________ rehearsal to keep the telephone number active in her short-term memory.
A)distributed
B)elaborative
C)maintenance
D)semantic
Q2) Paolo is positive he told his roommate to feed the cats while he was at work. His roommate is positive he did not. If Paolo begins to doubt whether or not he told his roommate to feed the cats or just thought about telling his roommate, he is experiencing
A)absentmindedness
B)misinformation
C)source monitoring confusion
D)suggestibility
Q3) Scientific research suggests that the total loss of memory, or ________ amnesia, is extremely rare.
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Page 9
Chapter 8: Thinking, Reasoning and Language
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165 Verified Questions
165 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/70053
Sample Questions
Q1) Many people drew faulty conclusions about the relative safety of air travel compared to automobile travel in the wake of the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks. Such poor reasoning was the result of ________.
A)thin slicing
B)hindsight bias
C)mental sets
D)the availability heuristic
Q2) Which of the following statements is true about language?
A)It is not symbolic.
B)It can be written, spoken, or signed.
C)It is incapable of an infinite set of meaningful utterances.
D)It has no set structure or rules that must be obeyed.
Q3) Because language is arbitrary, it allows great ________ in conveying complex ideas and thoughts.
Q4) A step-by-step learned procedure for solving a problem is called a(n) A)schema.
B)cognitive map.
C)heuristic.
D)algorithm.
Q5) Compare and contrast functional fixedness and mental set.
Page 10
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Chapter 9: Intelligence and Iq Testing
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158 Verified Questions
158 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/70052
Sample Questions
Q1) Which subdivision of the cortex is most active on tasks involving planning, impulse control, and short-term memory?
A)Parietal cortex
B)Temporal lobes
C)Prefrontal cortex
D)Occipital cortex
Q2) According to the WAIS, items requiring people to look at a visual stimulus with an essential part missing and identify the absent element is called ________.
A)picture completion
B)object assembly
C)picture arrangement
D)block design
Q3) In the 1960s, a psychologist named Arthur Jensen claimed the difference in scores on IQ tests between African Americans and White Americans was due to
A)social circumstances.
B)environmental disadvantages.
C)genetics.
D)educational opportunities.
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11
Chapter 10: Human Development
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164 Verified Questions
164 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/70051
Sample Questions
Q1) Markus is very athletic, and thus he tends to participate in a lot of sports. His regular practise at football, basketball, and hockey increases his athletic skills, which makes him want to spend more time participating in these activities. This example demonstrates the ________ nature of development.
A)bidirectional
B)correlational
C)confounding
D)diathetical
Q2) Which of the following statements is the best summary of the cognitive development theory of Lev Vygotsky?
A)Children are little scientists who learn by exploring.
B)Children are in need of strict boundaries from their parents so they can learn what to and what not to do.
C)Cognitive development occurs when children are left to their own devices, with as little influence as possible from outside factors.
D)Cognitive development is heavily influenced by social and cultural factors.
Q3) The ________ point in a pregnancy-that is, the age at which an infant could survive outside of its mother's womb-is about 25 weeks.
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Page 12
Chapter 11: Emotion and Motivation
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183 Verified Questions
183 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/70050
Sample Questions
Q1) Daniel works hard this semester because he needs to pass all the courses to graduate in time. This is one example of ________.
A)intrinsic motivation
B)extrinsic motivation
C)approach
D)avoidance
Q2) While Debbie was in the hospital, she received glucose continuously through an intravenous line. When her blood glucose levels started to rise, it is likely that she
A)experienced decreased autonomic arousal.
B)lost interest in food.
C)felt hungry.
D)became agitated.
Q3) According to Abraham Maslow, developing one's potential to its fullest extent results in A)safety.
B)self-esteem.
C)belonging.
D)self-actualisation.
Q4) According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, ________ have to be satisfied first.
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Chapter 12: Stress, Coping and Health
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139 Verified Questions
139 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/70049
Sample Questions
Q1) A person in the ________ stage of the general adaptation syndrome has adapted to the presence of a stressor and is beginning to find ways to cope with it.
A)alarm
B)resistance
C)exhaustion
D)termination
Q2) The purpose of ________ is to protect the body against the invasion of bacteria, viruses, fungi, or other illness-producing organisms.
A)antigens
B)lymphocytes
C)phagocytes
D)the immune system
Q3) Discuss the role of stress in coronary heart disease (CHD).
Q4) The Type A behaviour pattern is a significant predictor of ________.
A)mental illness
B)coronary heart disease
C)cancer
D)respiratory illnesses
Q5) Discuss stress as both a cause and effect of illness.
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Chapter 13: Social Psychology
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173 Verified Questions
173 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/70048
Sample Questions
Q1) Amanda, Sarah, Jonas, and William have been assigned a group project. Amanda ends up doing almost none of the work, while the others complete the project. Amanda ends up getting the same grade as the other group members. This is an example of
A)the bystander effect
B)social loafing
C)pluralistic ignorance
D)diffusion of responsibility
Q2) A persuasive technique involving asking for a small request before asking for a bigger one is called the ________.
Q3) This form of aggression is prevalent in girls and involves spreading rumours, gossiping, and nonverbal putdowns.
A)Generational aggression
B)Passive aggression
C)Active aggression
D)Relational aggression
Q4) Can the Milgram obedience study and the Zimbardo prison study be considered ethical? Could they be conducted today?
Q5) ________ is helping others for unselfish reasons.
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Chapter 14: Cross-Cultural Psychology
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59 Verified Questions
59 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/70047
Sample Questions
Q1) Indigenous psychology is an understanding of behaviour that stems from within a culture and is not imported from outside. Which is the "odd one out" in this list of features of Indigenous psychology?
A)It examines psychological phenomena in ecological, historical and cultural context.
B)It is based on sound scientific principles.
C)It advocates the use of multiple methods of investigation.
D)It acknowledges that people have a complex, sophisticated and practical understanding of themselves.
Q2) ________ assumes that all human behaviour is culturally patterned.
A)Relativism
B)Universalism
C)Absolutism
D)Culturalism
Q3) "Research by Indigenous Australians, whose informants are Indigenous Australians and whose goals are to serve and inform the Indigenous struggle for ________" (Rigney, defining Indigenist Psychology).
Q4) How does Australian Indigenous psychology differ from "Western" psychology?
Q5) Culture helps us to ________ ourselves and interact with others.
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Chapter 15: Personality
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174 Verified Questions
174 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/70046
Sample Questions
Q1) According to Maslow, a self-actualised person is someone who is
A)concerned with developing friendships with others.
B)creative and spontaneous.
C)extraverted and outgoing.
D)self-centred.
Q2) A concern with one's self-image and achieving personal goals is most important for people in ________ cultures.
Q3) In the metaphor of the angel, the devil, and me, the angel is the ________.
A)id
B)ego
C)superego
D)unconscious
Q4) Oscar redirects his aggressive urges to beat up and dominate others into a lucrative career as a professional boxer. This is an example of what Freudian defence mechanism?
A)Displacement
B)Projection
C)Rationalisation
D)Sublimation
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Chapter 16: Psychological Disorders
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181 Verified Questions
181 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/70045
Sample
Questions
Q1) Maria is a retired factory worker who lives with anxiety. Due to the fear of having anxiety attacks, she does not leave her house. This makes her feel trapped in her home, which creates an enormous sense of discomfort for Maria. Which criterion would be most appropriate in deciding whether Maria's case represents an example of abnormality?
A)Statistical rarity
B)Subjective distress
C)Societal disapproval
D)Cultural relativity
Q2) The ________ defence implies that a person who committed a crime fails to understand that what they did was wrong.
Q3) A person who has been diagnosed with borderline personality disorder is most likely to exhibit
A)a charming, self-centered, and manipulative interpersonal style.
B)impulsivity and unpredictability in his or her interactions with others.
C)intense discomfort in most social situations and odd thinking and behaviour patterns.
D)a strong need to be the center of attention in all social situations.
Q4) Contrast the demonic and moral treatment approaches of mental illness.
Q5) ________ involves an intense fear of being embarrassed or humiliated in public.
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Chapter 17: Psychological and Biological Treatments
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178 Verified Questions
178 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/70044
Sample Questions
Q1) A main focus of cognitive therapy is to identify, challenge, and change one's
Q2) The ________ model of treatment for alcoholism assumes that people who are on the road to recovery will occasionally "slip". This treatment attempts to teach people not to feel ashamed, guilty, or discouraged when these slips occur.
A)assertion training
B)dialectical behaviour
C)controlled drinking
D)relapse prevention
Q3) Systematic desensitisation was developed by ________.
A)Wolpe
B)Beck
C)Freud
D)Ellis
Q4) Why is the choice of a therapist who uses effective methods an important one as a person enters into psychotherapy?
Q5) ________ is the name given to the use of medications to treat or control psychological problems.
Q6) The most nondirective form of psychotherapy is ________.
Page 19
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