Foundations of Psychology Solved Exam Questions
Course
Introduction
Foundations of Psychology introduces students to the scientific study of human behavior and mental processes. This course explores core psychological concepts including biological bases of behavior, perception, learning, memory, emotion, development, personality, and social influences. Students will examine major theoretical perspectives, such as cognitive, behavioral, psychodynamic, and humanistic approaches, while developing an understanding of research methods and ethical considerations in psychology. Foundational knowledge gained in this course establishes a basis for further study in more specialized areas of psychology.
Recommended Textbook
Discovering Psychology 7th Edition by Sandra E. Hockenbury
Available Study Resources on Quizplus
70 Chapters
7014 Verified Questions
7014 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/study-set/3760
Page 2
Chapter 1: Section 1: Introduction and Research Methods
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
34 Verified Questions
34 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/75003
Sample Questions
Q1) Contrast the behavioral perspective with the cognitive perspective.
Answer: The answer should include the following information: The behavioral perspective focuses on observable behaviors and the fundamental laws of learning. The primary interest is in how behavior is acquired or modified by environmental causes. On the other hand, the cognitive perspective is interested in how mental processes influence behavior. These mental processes include memory, perception, intelligence, language, judgment, and thinking.
Q2) Why is it important for psychologists to report their research findings?
Answer: The answer should include the following information: Psychologists report and share their findings with others in the scientific discipline in order to advance the general body of knowledge within a particular area. They provide a detailed description of the study itself, who participated in it, how variables were operationally defined, how data were analyzed, and so forth. Describing the exact details of the study allows other investigators to repeat the study. This replication is an important step in the scientific process. If an experiment can be replicated and the same basic results are obtained again, it increases confidence in the results.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
3
Chapter 1: Section 2: Introduction and Research Methods
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
237 Verified Questions
237 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/75002
Sample Questions
Q1) In contrast to experimental research the basic goal of the descriptive research is to:
A)demonstrate a cause-and-effect relationship between two variables.
B)manipulate variables in a meaningful way.
C)deduce valid operational definitions and generate new experiments.
D)observe and describe behavior.
Answer: D
Q2) Deception in psychology experiments:
A)has not been allowed since the 1960s when participants in Stanley Milgram's obedience study were not told beforehand that they would have to use electric shock to punish the "learner" every time the "learner" made a mistake.
B)is allowed when it is not feasible to use alternatives that do not involve deception, and when the potential findings justify its use because of the scientific, educational, or applied value.
C)is expressly forbidden by the provisions in the 2002 APA ethical guidelines and regulations.
D)is allowed under the 2002 APA ethical guidelines without any restrictions or conditions. Answer: B
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 4
Chapter 1: Section 3: Introduction and Research Methods
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
188 Verified Questions
188 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/75001
Sample Questions
Q1) In one natural experiment investigating weight gain during the first year of college, it was found that male students who were assigned to dormitories with on-site dining facilities gained more weight and exercised less than students who were assigned to dormitories without food services.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) Replication of research findings increases confidence in the accuracy of the findings.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) Positive psychology is a field of psychological research that focuses on the study of positive emotions and psychological states, positive individual traits, and the social institutions that foster these qualities in individuals and communities.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
5
Chapter 1: Section 4: Introduction and Research Methods
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
26 Verified Questions
26 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/75000
Sample Questions
Q1) Sigmund Freud's school of thought, called _____, emphasized the role of unconscious conflicts in determining behavior and personality.
A)structuralism
B)functionalism
C)psychoanalysis
D)behaviorism
Q2) Evidence that is the result of observation, measurement, and experimentation is referred to as _____ evidence.
A)empirical
B)pseudoscientific
C)operational
D)dependent
Q3) According to your text, magnet therapy is a form of:
A)experimental research.
B)pseudoscience.
C)correlational research.
D)clinical psychotherapy.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 6
Chapter 1: Section 5: Introduction and Research Methods
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
25 Verified Questions
25 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/74999
Sample Questions
Q1) The first African American to earn a Ph.D. in psychology was:
A)Mary Whiton Calkins.
B)Francis C. Sumner.
C)Edward B. Titchener.
D)G. Stanley Hall.
Q2) The _____ perspective contended that psychology should focus its scientific investigations strictly on observable conducts that could be objectively measured and verified.
A)psychodynamic
B)humanistic
C)behavioral
D)biological
Q3) _____ became the first major school of thought in psychology and relied on a method called introspection.
A)Functionalism
B)Psychoanalysis
C)Behaviorism
D)Structuralism
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 2: Section 1: Neuroscience and Behavior
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
38 Verified Questions
38 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/74973
Sample Questions
Q1) Explain with examples how a drug can act as an antagonist.
Q2) Compare the effects on rats of being raised in an enriched versus an impoverished environment.
Q3) Describe the differences in male and female brains and discuss what conclusions can be drawn from research on gender differences and the brain.
Q4) What are endorphins and what are their functions?
Q5) Explain the difference between structural plasticity and functional plasticity. Give an example of each.
Q6) What is meant by the phrase lateralization of function?
Q7) Define and give an example of an antagonist drug.
Q8) How do sensory neurons, motor neurons, and interneurons differ?
Q9) What are spinal reflexes? Are they important?
Q10) Assume that you are going to learn a challenging new skill, such as juggling or a complicated video game. According to research presented in your textbook, how long does it take for learning to transfer into structural changes in the brain?
Q11) Byron is left handed. His parents have told Byron that his handedness means he is right- hemisphere-dominant. Are Byron's parents correct?
Q12) What is the hypothalamus? What roles does it play? Page 8
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Page 9
Chapter 2: Section 2: Neuroscience and Behavior
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
272 Verified Questions
272 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/74972
Sample Questions
Q1) Phrenology helped introduce the idea of brain _____, while the split-brain research demonstrated the principle of brain _____.
A)localization; lateralization
B)lateralization; localization
C)specialization; plasticity
D)plasticity; specialization
Q2) During a rest stop while hiking, Phil was bitten by a black widow spider. Shortly after being bitten he started having breathing difficulties and then experienced muscle spasms. The symptoms he experienced occurred because the black widow spider's venom:
A)blocked acetylcholine receptor sites on motor neurons.
B)blocked the release of serotonin from sending neurons.
C)shut down the functioning of the substantia nigra in Phil's brain.
D)caused acetylcholine to be continuously released by the motor neurons.
Q3) Neuroplasticity, or simply plasticity, refers to the brain's ability to:
A)generate new neurons.
B)change function and structure.
C)change structure but not function.
D)change function but not structure.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Page 10
Chapter 2: Section 3: Neuroscience and Behavior
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
151 Verified Questions
151 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/74971
Sample Questions
Q1) In the central nervous system, nerves are the most important transmitter of messages.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Neurons outnumber glial cells by about 10 to 1.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The medulla, the pons, and the cerebellum make up the midbrain.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Dendrites receive information from other neurons.
A)True
B)False
Q5) The two subdivisions of the peripheral nervous system are the somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system.
A)True
B)False
Q6) The central nervous system is highly specialized for information integration. A)True
B)False
Page 11
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 2: Section 4: Neuroscience and Behavior
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
19 Verified Questions
19 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/74970
Sample Questions
Q1) According to Pereira's study on exercise and neurogenesis, discussed in Psych for Your Life: Maximizing Your Brain's Potential,:
A)experience has minimal effect on brain functions or structures.
B)exercising regularly decreases the release of endorphins in the brain.
C)while exercise promotes the growth of new neurons in the brains of mammals, findings are mixed in humans.
D)exercise promotes the growth of new neurons in the human brain, just as it does in other mammals.
Q2) The _____ functions as the main link between the nervous system and the endocrine system.
A)adrenal medulla
B)adrenal cortex
C)amygdala
D)hypothalamus
Q3) The brainstem is made up of the _____ and the _____.
A)forebrain; midbrain
B)cerebellum; medulla
C)reticular formation; pons
D)midbrain; hindbrain
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Page 12
Chapter 2: Section 5: Neuroscience and Behavior
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
22 Verified Questions
22 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/74969
Sample Questions
Q1) Janeen and Marty were strolling down a wooded path in a city park when a man holding a knife suddenly jumped out of the shrubbery. Rather than fight, Janeen and Marty decided to flee and took off, running in the opposite direction. This quick reaction reflects the fight-or-flight response, which is triggered by the _____ nervous system, which stimulates the_____ to produce _____.
A)somatic; adrenal medulla; dopamine and serotonin
B)parasympathetic; adrenal cortex; melatonin and androgen
C)sympathetic; adrenal medulla; epinephrine and norepinephrine
D)central; hypothalamus; GABA and dopamine
Q2) The _____ is the main link between the nervous system and the endocrine system.
A)cerebellum
B)hypothalamus
C)pineal gland
D)amygdala
Q3) The _____ is involved in regulating blood sugar levels and in hunger.
A)pituitary gland
B)pancreas
C)pineal gland
D)thyroid gland
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Page 13
Chapter 3: Section 1: Sensation and Perception
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
32 Verified Questions
32 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/74968
Sample Questions
Q1) Your roommate, Ben, believes that subliminal stimuli are embedded in all forms of electronic media-movies, television shows, YouTube, commercials, and music videos. He gets upset every time he comes home and finds you watching television in the living room, as he does not want to be influenced by these messages. Is Ben correct that subliminal stimuli can affect your thoughts and behavior? Explain your answer.
Q2) How are ganglion cells different from bipolar cells?
Q3) Briefly describe the key structures of the eye including the function of each structure.
Q4) What is subliminal perception and what are its effects?
Q5) Discuss the sense of touch including the nature and location of sensory receptor cells.
Q6) How do rods and cones differ?
Q7) Distinguish between sensation and perception.
Q8) Describe and contrast the trichromatic and the opponent-process theories of color vision.
Q9) Provide an example of perceptual set and explain how it influences perceptual experiences.
Q10) How do frequency theory and place theory explain the perception of pitch?
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 14
Q11) What is the blind spot and why don't we notice it under normal circumstances?
Chapter 3: Section 2: Sensation and Perception
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
305 Verified Questions
305 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/74967
Sample Questions
Q1) Phantom limb pain can be explained by:
A)adaptation.
B)sensitization.
C)generalization.
D)desensitization.
Q2) A ganglion cell might receive information from a hundred _____, but from only one or two _____.
A)rods; cones
B)cones; rods
C)bipolar cells; retinal spots
D)bipolar cells; corneal cells
Q3) From the optic chiasm, visual information travels first to the:
A)olfactory bulb.
B)thalamus.
C)primary visual cortex.
D)hypothalamus.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 15
Chapter 3: Section 3: Sensation and Perception
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
169 Verified Questions
169 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/74966
Sample Questions
Q1) Damage to the hair cells in the basilar membrane or to the auditory nerve can result in nerve deafness, a form of deafness that cannot be helped by a hearing aid.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The vast majority of people who are color blind are unable to distinguish red from yellow or blue.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Olfaction and gustation are known as the chemical senses because they both rely on the detection of different types of molecules.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Cones adapt much more slowly than do rods to changes in the amount of available light.
A)True B)False
Q5) Another term for difference threshold is just noticeable difference. A)True B)False
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 16
Chapter 3: Section 4: Sensation and Perception
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
25 Verified Questions
25 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/74965
Sample Questions
Q1) Five-year-old Sam is having his hearing checked. The nurse places headphones over Sam's ears and instructs him to raise his hand whenever he hears a beep. Sam is being tested for his hearing:
A)threshold.
B)proprioception.
C)potential.
D)transduction.
Q2) As Jericho rounded second base, he immediately felt a tear in his calf muscle. Jericho's injury stimulated his _____, which are specialized sensory receptors for pain.
A)proprioceptors
B)exteroceptors
C)nociceptors
D)kinesthetic receptors
Q3) Researchers have found that human pheromones appear primarily to:
A)affect mood and emotional states.
B)enhance general arousal.
C)trigger sexual attraction.
D)increase hormone levels.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 3: Section 5: Sensation and Perception
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
28 Verified Questions
28 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/74964
Sample Questions
Q1) Without _____, our perception of reality would be in a continual state of flux.
A)perceptual constancy
B)sensation
C)motion cues
D)depth perception
Q2) While helping his friends move, Ben dropped a box of books on his big toe. The immediate, sharp sensation of pain was carried by _____, while the throbbing pain that lasted for the next few days was transmitted by _____.
A)nociceptors; substance P
B)A-delta fibers; C fibers
C)Pacinian corpuscles; nociceptors
D)C fibers; A-delta fibers
Q3) Which of the following would NOT be considered to be an example of a paranormal phenomenon?
A)psychokinesis
B)subliminal perception
C)precognition
D)telepathy
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 4: Section 1: Consciousness and Its Variations
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
39 Verified Questions
39 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/74963
Sample Questions
Q1) How is sleep involved in the formation of memories?
Q2) Discuss the contributions of the invention of the electroencephalograph and the discovery of REM sleep to modern sleep research.
Q3) How do patterns of sleep change over the lifespan?
Q4) Describe and provide an example of misdirection, inattentional bias, and inattentional deafness.
Q5) According to research presented in your textbook, is it possible to control your dreams?
Q6) Contrast Freud's explanation of the significance of dreams with that of the activation-synthesis model of dreaming.
Q7) Why do we sleep?
Q8) According to researcher Paul Thompson and his colleagues, MRI scans reveal significant tissue loss in the brains of chronic methamphetamine users. Which areas of the brain were most affected?
Q9) What are hypnagogic hallucinations?
Q10) What are circadian rhythms?
Q12) List four strategies for preventing sleep problems. Page 19
Q11) How do sleep specialists treat obstructive sleep apnea? Give a specific answer.
Q13) Define the term consciousness. What does consciousness enable us to do?
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Page 20
Chapter 4: Section 2: Consciousness and Its Variations
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
225 Verified Questions
225 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/74962
Sample Questions
Q1) Researchers at State University's sleep research lab deprived some volunteers of sleep for 35 hours while others slept normally. This was followed by fMRI scans of participants' brains while they observed a series of images (pleasant, disturbing, and neutral). If the results are similar to those reported in Focus on Neuroscience: The Sleep-Deprived Emotional Brain, the researchers are likely to find that:
A)there will be no difference in brain activity between the groups regardless of the type of image seen.
B)the sleep-deprived brain is much more prone to strong emotional reactions, especially in response to negative stimuli.
C)compared to the adequately rested participants, the sleep-deprived participants will have reduced activity in a brain area called the amygdala.
D)compared to the adequately rested participants, the sleep-deprived participants will have reduced activity in a brain area called the amygdala, but only to aversive stimuli.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
21
Chapter 4: Section 3: Consciousness and Its Variations
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
183 Verified Questions
183 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/74961
Sample Questions
Q1) Regular meditation can enhance physical and psychological functioning.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Sigmund Freud (1911) believed that dream images of sticks, swords, and other elongated objects were phallic symbols, representing the penis. He also believed that dream images of cupboards, boxes, and ovens symbolized the vagina.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The use of meditation as a technique to alter conscious awareness takes many forms and has been used for thousands of years as part of religious practices throughout the world.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Over the course of a typical night, periods of REM sleep become progressively longer.
A)True
B)False
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 22
Chapter 4: Section 4: Consciousness and Its Variations
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
26 Verified Questions
26 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/74960
Sample Questions
Q1) According to Focus on Neuroscience: The Sleep-Deprived Emotional Brain, which of the following is TRUE?
A)Research has clearly shown that watching unpleasant, disturbing images causes people to feel much more sleep-deprived and tired than when they watch neutral images.
B)People often react with greater emotionality when they are not getting adequate sleep.
C)Sleep deprived adults have considerably reduced blood flow in an area of the brain called the amygdala.
D)When people are consistently operating on too little sleep, their emotional reactions are considerably reduced.
Q2) Sleepwalking and sleep terrors are _____ that tend to occur during _____.
A)parasomnias; stages 3 and 4 NREM sleep
B)parasomnias; REM sleep
C)dyssomnias; stages 1 and 2 NREM sleep
D)dyssomnias; REM sleep
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 4: Section 5: Consciousness and Its Variations
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
29 Verified Questions
29 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/74959
Sample Questions
Q1) _____ is an unfolding sequence of perceptions, thoughts, and emotions during sleep that is experienced as a series of real-life events.
A)A dream
B)Meditation
C)A hypnagogic hallucination
D)Hypnosis
Q2) The notion that hypnosis can allow you to relive early childhood experiences is called:
A)repression.
B)dissociation.
C)hypermnesia.
D)age regression.
Q3) Keagan is experiencing the effects of posthypnotic suggestions. If Keagan is like the average person, these effects will:
A)usually last for about a year.
B)become permanent.
C)typically last for only a few hours or days.
D)reach peak levels in about six months.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 5: Section 1: Learning
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
36 Verified Questions
36 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/74958
Sample Questions
Q1) Describe the famous "Little Albert" study, including the implications of the study's results.
Q2) Compare and contrast operant and classical conditioning in terms of types of behavior studied, responses conditioned, extinction processes, and cognitive and evolutionary influences on each.
Q3) Describe John Garcia's research, and explain why his findings were originally rejected.
Q4) Identify three species of animals that have shown evidence of observational learning. Describe one study that had provided evidence of observational learning in animals.
Q5) Describe the basic process of classical conditioning, using an original example. Be sure to identify the UCS, UCR, CS, and CR.
Q6) Define instinctive drift, and explain its implications for operant conditioning.
Q7) Explain how the idea of biological preparedness can be applied to human phobias.
Q8) Describe Martin Seligman's research on learned helplessness in dogs.
Q9) Define a discriminative stimulus, and give at least two examples of a discriminative stimulus not used in the text.
25
Q10) According to Pavlov, what factors can affect the strength of a classically conditioned response?
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 5: Section 2: Learning
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
251 Verified Questions
251 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/74957
Sample Questions
Q1) Fred's dog was classically conditioned to salivate at the sound of a bell. Fred then repeatedly paired the bell with another stimulus, a whistle. Now whenever he blows the whistle, his dog salivates, even though the whistle has never been paired with food. This example illustrates:
A)higher order conditioning (second-order conditioning).
B)spontaneous recovery.
C)a placebo response.
D)biological preparedness.
Q2) Which of the following represents a valid criticism of the ethics of Watson and Rayner's ''Little Albert'' study?
A)Watson and Rayner filmed the infant's behavior without permission.
B)Watson and Rayner intentionally induced a lasting fear in an infant, and they did not attempt to extinguish it when the experiment was over.
C)It is unethical to use infants and animals in the same research study.
D)Treatment of the rats, rabbits, and other animals used in the study did not conform to APA regulations.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
26
Chapter 5: Section 3: Learning
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
148 Verified Questions
148 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/74956
Sample Questions
Q1) John B. Watson was opposed to the application of classical conditioning principles in advertising because he believed that such manipulative marketing was unethical.
A)True
B)False
Q2) After a dog has gone through the process of extinction and no longer salivates to the sound of a bell, the conditioned response will spontaneously reappear if the dog is given a period of rest and the sound of the bell is again presented.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The conditioned response (CR) in the "Little Albert" study was the fear response to the loud clang.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Regular-coffee drinkers can develop a classically conditioned response of alertness to the smell and taste of coffee, even if the coffee is decaffeinated.
A)True
B)False
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 5: Section 4: Learning
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
30 Verified Questions
30 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/74955
Sample Questions
Q1) In psychology, the formal definition of "learning" is:
A)knowledge that can be measured by an intelligence or achievement test.
B)any knowledge or skill that has been acquired in a school or in a formal training program.
C)behavior that is the result of genetic programming.
D)a process which produces a relatively enduring change in behavior or knowledge as a result of past experience.
Q2) According to Focus on Neuroscience, neurons that fire both when action is performed and when action is simply perceived are called:
A)glial cells.
B)mirror neurons.
C)interneurons.
D)reflective cells.
Q3) A shuttlebox was used by used by Martin Seligman and Steven Maier to demonstrate the phenomenon of:
A)learned helplessness.
B)shaping.
C)taste aversions.
D)stimulus generalization.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 28
Chapter 5: Section 5: Learning
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
29 Verified Questions
29 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/74954
Sample Questions
Q1) Tyrone always starts his day with a cup of black coffee. Last night, Tyrone stayed at his mother's home, and she made him a cup of coffee when he got up. Later, Tyrone was surprised to learn that the coffee was decaffeinated because he had actually felt more alert after drinking it. In this example, what are the conditioned stimulus and conditioned response?
A)The CS is the caffeine, and the CR is alertness.
B)The CS is the smell and taste of coffee, and the CR is the caffeine.
C)The CS is alertness, and the CR is the smell and taste of coffee.
D)The CS is the smell and taste of coffee, and the CR is alertness.
Q2) According to _____, a rat learning to navigate a maze will eventually acquire
A)Edward C. Tolman; a cognitive map of the maze
B)Martin Seligman; learned helplessness
C)John Garcia; a taste aversion to any food eaten in the maze
D)Ivan Pavlov; a conditioned emotional response to the maze
Q3) In the famous "Little Albert" study, what was the conditioned stimulus?
A)the white rat
B)fear of the loud clang
C)fear at the sight of the rat
D)the loud clang
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 29
Chapter 6: Section 1: Memory
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
36 Verified Questions
36 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/74953
Sample Questions
Q1) Define imagination inflation, and describe how it has been created experimentally.
Q2) How does the semantic network model describe the organization of information in long-term memory?
Q3) Describe the duration and capacity of short-term memory.
Q4) What is a flashbulb memory, and in what ways is it similar to and/or different from an ordinary memory?
Q5) Identify and describe the functions of each component in psychologist Alan Baddeley's model of working memory, and give an everyday example that demonstrates the relationships among working memory components.
Q6) How does neurological research explain some instances of déjà vu?
Q7) Identify and describe at least two factors that seem to influence forgetting.
Q8) Describe Hermann Ebbinghaus's research and what it demonstrated.
Q9) Using what you have learned about memory, explain why multiple-choice, matching, and fill-in-the-blank questions are easier to answer than essay questions.
Q10) What is memory consolidation, and how can it be disrupted in humans?
Q11) What did George Sperling's classic experiment reveal about our visual memory system?
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 30
Chapter 6: Section 2: Memory
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
254 Verified Questions
254 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/74952
Sample
Questions
Q1) During the short-answer essay part of the examination, Ethan was absolutely certain that he knew the definition of "long-term potentiation" but he could not think of it. Which of the following is the most likely explanation for Ethan's inability to retrieve the information from his long-term memory?
A)the misinformation effect
B)prospective memory failure
C)source confusion
D)retrieval cue failure
Q2) Compared to Chinese and Taiwanese college students, earliest autobiographical memories for European American students tended to concern _____ events.
A)routine
B)continuous
C)current
D)discrete
Q3) Which of the following is an example of the encoding specificity principle?
A)mood congruence
B)imagination inflation
C)long-term potentiation
D)source confusion
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Page 31
Chapter 6: Section 3: Memory
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
163 Verified Questions
163 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/74951
Sample Questions
Q1) Brain-imaging studies have confirmed that performing a complex memory task involves only a single region of the brain, the hippocampus.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Psychologist Stephen Lindsay had participants look at their first-grade class photo and read a description of a prank they were led to believe they had committed in the first grade-putting Slime in the teacher's desk. Participants who looked at their first-grade photo were much more likely to believe they had committed the prank than participants who did not look at their first-grade photo.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Retrieval cue failure is experienced when particular information is no longer stored in long-term memory.
A)True
B)False
Q4) H.M. retained a limited ability to form new episodic memories.
A)True
B)False
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 6: Section 4: Memory
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
27 Verified Questions
27 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/74950
Sample Questions
Q1) Perceiving a picture activates areas of the _____, while perceiving a sound activates areas of the _____.
A)left prefrontal cortex; right prefrontal cortex
B)visual cortex; auditory cortex
C)cerebellum; hippocampus
D)hypothalamus; cerebellum
Q2) Of the different types of memory, _____ memory has the SHORTEST duration.
A)working
B)sensory
C)short-term
D)long-term
Q3) Your _____ is/are the brain region(s) that is/are responsible for retrieving and organizing information that is associated with episodic and autobiographical memories.
A)frontal lobes
B)cerebellum
C)amygdala
D)hypothalamus
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 33
Chapter 6: Section 5: Memory
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
27 Verified Questions
27 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/74949
Sample Questions
Q1) Carlos experienced a severe head injury when his motorcycle was hit by a truck. These types of accidents often result in:
A)fuzzy trace memories.
B)anterograde amnesia.
C)memory consolidation.
D)retrograde amnesia.
Q2) Which of the following is NOT one of the key brain structures involved in encoding and storing memories?
A)the hypothalamus
B)the hippocampus
C)the prefrontal cortex
D)the cerebellum
Q3) For his anatomy and physiology class, Charles has to memorize the twelve cranial nerves in the correct order. If Charles spends extra time rehearsing the _____, this would help him to overcome the serial position effect.
A)items in the middle of the list
B)placement of the nerves within the brain
C)correct pronunciation of each nerve
D)first letter of every new term
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Page 34
Chapter 7: Section 1: Thinking, Language, and Intelligence
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
32 Verified Questions
32 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/74948
Sample Questions
Q1) Discuss research evidence for and against the linguistic relativity hypothesis.
Q2) Describe the field of comparative cognition, and describe some important findings from this active area of psychological research.
Q3) People often cling to beliefs that have been contradicted by empirical evidence. What kinds of obstacles to logical thinking can help explain the persistence of such unwarranted beliefs?
Q4) Define stereotype lift, and explain how psychological research has demonstrated its effects on test performance.
Q5) Explain what is meant by autism spectrum disorder, intellectual disability, and neurodiversity, from the In Focus Box, "Neurodiversity: Beyond IQ."
Q6) How can mental sets and functional fixedness interfere with finding solution to problems?
Q7) Compare and contrast Howard Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences with Robert Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence.
Q8) How do we use the availability heuristic and the representativeness heuristic to help estimate the probability of an event's occurring?
Q9) List the five characteristics of language, and give an example of each.
Page 35
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 7: Section 2: Thinking, Language, and Intelligence
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
244 Verified Questions
244 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/74947
Sample Questions
Q1) State lottery commissions capitalize on the _____ by running many TV commercials showing that lucky person who won the $100 million Powerball jackpot. A vivid memory is created, which leads viewers to an inaccurate estimate of the likelihood that the event will happen to them.
A)availability heuristic
B)availability algorithm
C)representativeness heuristic
D)representativeness algorithm
Q2) Robert Sternberg believes:
A)that successful intelligence involves three distinct mental abilities.
B)that most studies of animal cognition are seriously flawed.
C)that there is one general intelligence, or g factor.
D)that there are eight distinct and independent factors involved in intelligence.
Q3) People tend to believe evidence that confirms what they want to believe is true, a bias that is sometimes called the:
A)wishful thinking bias.
B)confirmation bias.
C)fallacy of positive instances.
D)belief-bias effect.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Page 36
Chapter 7: Section 3: Thinking, Language, and Intelligence
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
145 Verified Questions
145 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/74946
Sample Questions
Q1) Concepts provide a kind of mental shorthand, economizing the cognitive effort required for thinking and communication.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Comparative cognition is a field of psychology that focuses on cross-cultural research on problem solving, language, and intelligence.
A)True
B)False
Q3) People diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder are likely to have communication problems, be unresponsive to social interactions, engage in repetitive or odd motor behaviors, and have restricted routines and interests.
A)True
B)False
Q4) According to the In Focus box on neurodiversity, intellectual disability is a condition in which an individual's IQ score is 70 or below.
A)True
B)False
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 7: Section 4: Thinking, Language, and Intelligence
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
24 Verified Questions
24 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/74945
Sample Questions
Q1) _____ refers to the percentage of variation within a given population that is due to genetic factors.
A)Intelligibility
B)Heritability
C)Epigenesis
D)Shared environmental influences
Q2) Rick asks you how many stop signs you encounter on your drive home. To answer his question, you probably rely on a:
A)mental image.
B)linguistic concept.
C)map of your city.
D)natural concept.
Q3) A _____ is defined as the tendency to persist in solving problems with solutions that have worked in the past.
A)mental set
B)heuristic
C)schema
D)feedback loop
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 7: Section 5: Thinking, Language, and Intelligence
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
23 Verified Questions
23 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/74944
Sample Questions
Q1) Several problems have been assigned as part of your physics homework. One problem asks you to determine the relative velocity of a variety of moving objects. To answer the question, you solve a complex mathematical equation. Which problem-solving strategy are you using?
A)a heuristic
B)a trial-and-error strategy
C)insight
D)an algorithm
Q2) Dividing a person's mental age by her chronological age and multiplying the answer by 100 is:
A)Louis Terman's formula for the IQ score as measured by the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale.
B)David Wechsler's formula for the IQ score as measured by the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Test.
C)Robert Sternberg's formula for the Practical Intelligence (PI) score as measured by the Sternberg Triarchic Intelligence Scale.
D)Howard Gardner's formula for the Multiple Intelligences Quotient (MIQ) as measured by his Multiple Intelligences Exam.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 8: Section 1: Motivation and Emotion
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
30 Verified Questions
30 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/74943
Sample Questions
Q1) Ron is a hungry man. Today he is visiting his favorite restaurant where he plans to consume a steak dinner. Ron leads an active lifestyle. For instance, on most days Ron goes hiking in the woods for a prolonged period of time without bringing any food supplies. Describe how the following terms relate to Ron's hunger, satiety, and energy balance: leptin, ghrelin, and cholecystokinin.
Q2) Ann wants to achieve the goal of completing a marathon. Outline how she could create and use goal intentions and implementation intentions to help achieve that goal.
Q3) Taking the evolutionary perspective, describe how emotions might help people adapt to their environment. In your answer, note how Charles Darwin viewed the functions of emotional displays in both humans and nonhuman animals.
Q4) Define leptin, insulin, and neuropeptide Y, and compare the mechanisms by which they act as long-term signals to regulate body weight.
Q5) Define self-efficacy, and list some characteristics of individuals who have high and low self-efficacy. Identify different ways to strengthen your sense of self-efficacy.
Q6) Describe Abraham Maslow's theory of motivation, and list the qualities that characterize self-actualized people.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 40
Chapter 8: Section 2: Motivation and Emotion
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
262 Verified Questions
262 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/74942
Sample Questions
Q1) People with a high level of achievement motivation:
A)expend their greatest efforts when faced with very easy tasks.
B)tend to work best in groups, as they lack the ability to work independently.
C)tend to attribute their success to external factors or luck.
D)have the capacity to delay gratification in order to achieve their goals.
Q2) Taylor is highly motivated to maintain a high grade point average because her goal is to pursue studies at the graduate level. Taylor's motivation is best explained by _____ theories.
A)instinct
B)drive
C)arousal
D)incentive
Q3) Sheenan believes that cognitive appraisal is the essential trigger for an emotional response and that all other components of emotion, including physiological arousal, follow from the initial cognitive appraisal. Dr. Sheenan's views are most consistent with those of:
A)Richard Lazarus.
B)Stanley Schachter.
C)William James.
D)Walter Cannon.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 41
Chapter 8: Section 3: Motivation and Emotion
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
154 Verified Questions
154 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/74941
Sample Questions
Q1) Nate wonders how his friend Jim can wake up at 5:00 every morning to swim laps before school. When he asks about it, Jim replies that he simply wants to realize his highest personal potential in swimming. According to Maslow's theory of motivation, Jim is satisfying the need for self-actualization.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Trying to get by on less sleep is a relatively effective strategy to curb a person's appetite and eat less.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The fight-or-flight response is triggered by the sympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system.
A)True
B)False
Q4) In general, increased levels of the neurotransmitter neuropeptide Y and of the hormone ghrelin promote increased appetite.
A)True
B)False
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 42
Chapter 8: Section 4: Motivation and Emotion
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
23 Verified Questions
23 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/74940
Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements is FALSE?
A)On average, women have a basal metabolic rate that is about 3 to 5 percent lower than the basal metabolic rate for men.
B)Getting only about five hours of sleep a night is an effective strategy for reducing appetite and losing weight.
C)When people who are obese restrict their caloric intake, their basal metabolic rate decreases.
D)An adult would be considered seriously underweight if he or she had a BMI of 17.
Q2) _____ is a characteristic of motivation that is demonstrated by the continued efforts or determination to achieve a particular goal, often in the face of obstacles.
A)Initiation
B)Persistence
C)Intensity
D)Activation
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
43
Chapter 8: Section 5: Motivation and Emotion
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
25 Verified Questions
25 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/74939
Sample Questions
Q1) Charles Darwin:
A)contended that nonhuman animals do not experience emotions.
B)believed that anthropomorphism was the best methodology for scientifically investigating emotions in nonhuman animals.
C)believed that the capacity to experience emotion is an evolved trait that humans share with lower animals.
D)argued that emotional expression in humans is completely different from the instinctive displays of nonhuman animals.
Q2) _____ argued that the differences in emotional experience between animals and humans are a matter of degree, not kind.
A)William James
B)Abraham Maslow
C)Charles Darwin
D)B. F. Skinner
Q3) As a result of a genetic mutation, ob/ob mice lack the ability to produce: A)CCK.
B)neuropeptide Y.
C)leptin.
D)ghrelin.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Page 44
Chapter 9: Section 1: Lifespan Development
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
37 Verified Questions
37 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/74938
Sample Questions
Q1) Compare and contrast the views of Jean Piaget and Lev Vygotsky on the cognitive development of children.
Q2) Define and compare the adult development milestones of menopause and andropause.
Q3) Define the terms "zygote," "chromosomes," "genes," and "DNA," and describe how they are related.
Q4) Compare the typical sleeping arrangements of families with infants in the United States with those of other cultures, and discuss how these differences reflect different cultural beliefs and norms.
Q5) Carl and Andy are both toddlers. Carl is securely attached and Andy is insecurely attached. They are enrolled in a research study in which they will be exposed to the Strange Situation. What is the Strange Situation and how would you expect Carl and Andy to differ in terms of their reactions?
Q6) Define genotype and phenotype and give an example of how the interaction of genetics and environment can influence phenotype.
Q7) Describe Renée Baillargeon's research, and explain how it challenged some of Piaget's conclusions.
Q8) According to psychological research, what are the long-term effects of child care on attachment and development?
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 45
Chapter 9: Section 2: Lifespan Development
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
285 Verified Questions
285 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/74937
Sample Questions
Q1) A male has an _____ combination in the _____.
A)XX; 1st pair of genes
B)XX; 23rd pair of chromosomes
C)XY; 1st pair of chromosomes
D)XY; 23rd pair of chromosomes
Q2) Which of the following theories posits that gender differences are the result of generations of the dual forces of sexual selection and parental investment?
A)social learning theory
B)evolutionary theory
C)social identity theory
D)gender schema theory
Q3) Mark was upset because he only got half a sandwich while his older sister got two halves of a sandwich. After his mother cut his half sandwich into two pieces, Mark was perfectly happy. Mark is probably in the _____ stage of cognitive development.
A)sensorimotor
B)preoperational
C)concrete operational
D)formal operational
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 9: Section 3: Lifespan Development
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
148 Verified Questions
148 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/74936
Sample Questions
Q1) Each level in Kohlberg's theory of the development of moral reasoning is based on the degree to which a person conforms to conventional standards of society.
A)True
B)False
Q2) In one experimental study, researchers found that newborn rats who were genetically predisposed to be calm and stress-resistant grew up to be nervous, high-strung, and easily stressed adult rats when raised by genetically unrelated, inattentive mothers. The explanation for these results was that epigenetic changes had taken place which changed their brain chemistry and literally "reprogrammed" their behavior.
A)True
B)False
Q3) On the average, the human brain does not reach full maturity until age 30.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Susceptibility to peer influence peaks during early adolescence.
A)True
B)False
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 9: Section 4: Lifespan Development
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
31 Verified Questions
31 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/74935
Sample Questions
Q1) The behaviors, attitudes, and personality traits that a given culture designates as either "masculine" or "feminine" are components of what is called:
A)gender.
B)gender identity.
C)androgyny.
D)gender role.
Q2) _____ psychology is the study of how people change physically, mentally, and socially throughout the lifespan.
A)Cognitive
B)Developmental
C)Clinical
D)Evolutionary
Q3) India has developed the skills for walking up steps. According to Figure 9.3: Milestones in Infant Motor Development, India is probably between the ages of _____ and _____ months.
A)7: 14
B)10; 13
C)11; 15
D)14; 22
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Page 48
Chapter 9: Section 5: Lifespan Development
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
30 Verified Questions
30 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/74934
Sample Questions
Q1) Sexual characteristics that develop during puberty and differentiate between the sexes but are not directly involved in reproduction, such as male facial hair and female breast development, are called _____ sex characteristics.
A)secondary
B)epigenetic
C)tertiary
D)primary
Q2) Henry and Heidi are proud new parents. Based on the information in the text, you can predict that Lauren, their new baby, will MOST likely:
A)walk easily before she is 10 months of age.
B)be able to sit without support before she will be able to roll over.
C)be able to roll over before she will be able to sit without support.
D)begin walking at exactly the same age as her older brother did.
Q3) _____ genes are examples of alleles.
A)Polygenic
B)Stem cell
C)Mutated
D)Dominant and recessive
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 10: Section 1: Personality
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
28 Verified Questions
28 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/74998
Sample Questions
Q1) Describe the four major theoretical perspectives on personality.
Q2) What is the social cognitive perspective on personality, and how does it differ from psychoanalytic and humanistic perspectives?
Q3) Describe how Eysenck's trait theory of personality applies to each of the following people: First, there is Carl. He is a scientist who prefers to spend his time working alone in his quiet laboratory carefully conducting his experiments in hopes of finding a cure for cancer. Next, Carl's brother Timothy is a party planner who teaches group aerobic exercise classes in his spare time and loves to attend networking events. Then there is their cousin Frank, who is a troubled young man. Frank is prone to violent outbursts. He is easily angered and has even spent time in prison after a conviction for assault and battery stemming from a disagreement at a sporting event. Finally, there is Archie. He holds a pessimistic view of the world and tends to be very anxious. Because of these issues, Archie has been unable to hold a permanent job.
Q4) What is a self-report inventory? Describe the MMPI, the CPI, and the 16PF personality tests, and explain what each one is used for.
Q5) Describe Karen Horney's key ideas, including her views on Freud's interpretation of female development.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Page 50
Chapter 10: Section 2: Personality
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
235 Verified Questions
235 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/74997
Sample Questions
Q1) Rhonda feels confident in her ability to dance the part of Clara in The Nutcracker ballet. Albert Bandura would say that Rhonda is showing a high level of:
A)displacement.
B)unconditional positive regard.
C)self-efficacy.
D)sublimation.
Q2) What type of personality test involves the interpreting of an ambiguous image and is used to assess unconscious motives and conflicts?
A)a projective test
B)a self-report inventory
C)a personality type inventory
D)a graphology test
Q3) The _____ perspective on personality emphasizes conscious thought processes, self-regulation, and the importance of situational influences.
A)humanistic
B)psychoanalytic
C)trait
D)social cognitive
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 51
Chapter 10: Section 3: Personality
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
137 Verified Questions
137 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/74996
Sample Questions
Q1) Brain imaging studies of the Big Five personality traits have found that agreeableness is associated with increased volume in the posterior cingulate cortex, a brain region associated with understanding the beliefs of others.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Freud believed that the most fundamental ego defense mechanism was repression.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Carolina was reprimanded by her boss for not wearing appropriate attire to work. She was angry at her boss because he scolded her in front of the entire office. Instead of releasing her anger on her boss, Carolina went home and kicked her dog as soon as it approached her. Carolina's behavior illustrates the ego defense mechanism of sublimation.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Only negative or dreaded possible selves have been shown to have any impact on actual behavior.
A)True
B)False
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 52
Chapter 10: Section 4: Personality
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
25 Verified Questions
25 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/74995
Sample Questions
Q1) When describing human aggression, _____ argued that "the massive threats to human welfare are generally brought about by deliberate acts of principle, rather than unrestrained acts of impulse."
A)Bandura
B)Skinner
C)Maslow
D)Freud
Q2) The five-factor model of personality describes personality in terms of:
A)psychoticism, stability, extraversion, neuroticism, and conscientiousness.
B)extraversion, introversion, psychoticism, agreeableness, and conscientiousness.
C)extraversion, emotional stability, openness to experience, agreeableness, and conscientiousness.
D)neuroticism, extraversion, openness to experience, agreeableness, and conscientiousness.
Q3) According to Sigmund Freud, the newborn infant is motivated by:
A)the superego.
B)the pleasure principle.
C)the reality principle.
D)basic anxiety.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Page 53
Chapter 10: Section 5: Personality
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
30 Verified Questions
30 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/74994
Sample Questions
Q1) In Freud's psychoanalytic theory of personality, which one of the following personality structures is entirely unconscious?
A)the id
B)the libido
C)the ego
D)the superego
Q2) _____ are aspects of the self-concept that reflect images that people hope, fear, or expect to become in the future.
A)Personality factors
B)Personality traits
C)Possible selves
D)Heritability ratings
Q3) Reciprocal determinism explains personality as the interaction:
A)between genetics and environmental influences.
B)of behavioral, cognitive, and environmental factors.
C)of social, cultural, behavioral, and environmental factors.
D)between the actualizing tendency and the self-concept.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 11: Section 1: Social Psychology
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
26 Verified Questions
26 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/74993
Sample Questions
Q1) What aspects of the experimental situation in Milgram's obedience experiment increased the likelihood of destructive obedience?
Q2) Under what conditions are bystanders most likely to help a stranger? Least likely to help a stranger?
Q3) Give two examples of the fundamental attribution error, and explain how it can influence our explanations for the behavior of other people.
Q4) What was the Robbers Cave Experiment? How did psychologist Muzafer Sherif create and then reduce tensions between two groups of boys at a summer camp?
Q5) Describe the findings of Solomon Asch's research on conformity.
Q6) What is person perception, and what is social categorization? Describe the role that explicit and implicit cognition play in these processes.
Q7) How did people predict that the participants in Milgram's experiment would react, and how did that prediction compare to the participants' actual behavior?
Q8) Name and describe seven common attributional biases and explanatory patterns.
Q9) Summarize the advantages and disadvantages of the social categorization process.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Page 55
Chapter 11: Section 2: Social Psychology
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
213 Verified Questions
213 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/74992
Sample Questions
Q1) An important social psychology concept is your sense of _____, which is an individual's unique sense of identity that has been influenced by social, cultural, and psychological experiences.
A)self
B)reciprocity
C)direction
D)humor
Q2) The study of the mental processes people use to make sense of their social environment is called:
A)social cognition.
B)prosocial behavior.
C)social influence.
D)social categorization.
Q3) While Eddie was working alone in the microcomputer lab, he noticed a strange unpleasant smell and immediately went to report the incident. Eddie's behavior:
A)was not constrained by the bystander effect.
B)was the result of diffusion of responsibility.
C)is an example of the self-serving bias.
D)illustrates cognitive dissonance in action.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Page 56
Chapter 11: Section 3: Social Psychology
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
171 Verified Questions
171 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/74991
Sample Questions
Q1) The bystander effect refers to the phenomenon in which the greater the number of people present, the less likely each individual is to help someone in distress.
A)True
B)False
Q2) In Milgram's original obedience study, the learner first expressed pain or discomfort at the 45-volt level.
A)True
B)False
Q3) In a replication of Milgram's obedience study using female subjects, almost all of the women defied the experimenter and stopped shocking the learner when he first screamed at the 150-volt level.
A)True
B)False
Q4) People are least likely to help a stranger in big cities (300,000 people or more) or in very small towns (5,000 people or less).
A)True
B)False
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 11: Section 4: Social Psychology
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
26 Verified Questions
26 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/74990
Sample Questions
Q1) Follow-up research on Milgram's obedience study indicated that participants were LEAST likely to deliver high levels of shocks when:
A)the experimenter was standing in the same room as the learner.
B)there was physical and psychological separation between the teacher and the learner.
C)the experimenter took responsibility for the learner's well-being.
D)teachers were free to choose the level of shock.
Q2) Your _____ is your unique sense of identity that has been influenced by social, cultural, and psychological experiences.
A)sense of self
B)personality
C)frame of reference
D)person perception
Q3) Anita is a very attractive young woman. Other people are likely to perceive Anita as:
A)aloof, rude, and unapproachable.
B)intelligent, happy, and well adjusted.
C)lonely, unpopular, and socially anxious.
D)similar to less attractive people.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 58
Chapter 11: Section 5: Social Psychology
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
23 Verified Questions
23 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/74989
Sample Questions
Q1) In a series of experiments, Stanley Milgram systematically varied the conditions of his obedience study. Under which condition were the subjects LEAST likely to continue administering shocks to the maximum level?
A)when the teacher and the learner were in the same room
B)when the teacher observed two other teachers who refused to continue with the experiment
C)when the experimenter left the laboratory and gave orders over the phone
D)when the teacher was required to hold the learner's hand down on a shock plate
Q2) Which of the following is NOT a key component that influences our person perception?
A)the characteristics of the individual you are attempting to size up
B)the rule of reciprocity
C)the specific situation
D)your own perceptions and goals
Q3) Kitty Genovese's murder led to the study of:
A)aggression and social justice.
B)person perception and hindsight bias.
C)racism and gender stereotyping.
D)altruism and prosocial behavior.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Page 59
Chapter 12: Section 1: Stress, Health, and Coping
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
32 Verified Questions
32 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/74988
Sample Questions
Q1) According to the In Focus box: "Providing Effective Social Support," what are the three most commonly studied broad categories of social support? Give original examples of each.
Q2) Explain the four different patterns of acculturation, and explain how each pattern does or does not contribute to acculturative stress.
Q3) Provide an original example of a stressful experience, and use it to illustrate the definition of stress, noting the role of cognitive appraisal in stress.
Q4) Describe the role of major life events and change in producing stress. Next, list some of the limitations of the life events approach to measuring the impact of stress on health.
Q5) Define telomeres, and describe how they are affected by stress.
Q6) Discuss gender differences in responding to stress, contrasting the tend-and-befriend response with the fight-or-flight response.
Q7) How do social isolation and diverse social networks impact health?
Q8) Describe the use of the positive reappraisal coping strategy, and provide either an original personal example or use the example of model Petra Nemcova to show how positive reappraisal can be a constructive response to tragedy.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 60
Chapter 12: Section 2: Stress, Health, and Coping
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
240 Verified Questions
240 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/74987
Sample Questions
Q1) In an important research study involving elderly nursing home residents, psychologists Judith Rodin and Ellen Langer investigated the:
A)effects of relaxation techniques on psychological and physical health.
B)psychological effects but not the physical effects, of regular exercise.
C)effects of a sense of personal control on psychological and physical health.
D)effects of a stress-reduction training program on blood pressure and immune system functioning.
Q2) Which perspective does Shelley Taylor cite in support of her "tend-and-befriend" model of stress response?
A)the psychoneuroimmunology perspective
B)the cognitive perspective
C)the health psychology perspective
D)the evolutionary perspective
Q3) _____ helped develop a new interdisciplinary field called psychoneuroimmunology.
A)Jean Piaget
B)Charles Jacobs
C)Robert Adler
D)Abraham Maslow
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 12: Section 3: Stress, Health, and Coping
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
188 Verified Questions
188 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/74986
Sample Questions
Q1) Because of the added responsibility, having a sense of personal control over a stressful situation increases the impact of stressors and heightens feelings of anxiety and depression.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Acculturative stress describes the stress that results from the pressure of adapting to a new culture.
A)True
B)False
Q3) A growing body of literature has linked shorter telomeres with aging, age-related diseases, and mortality.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Telomeres are repeated, duplicate DNA sequences that are found at the very tips of chromosomes.
A)True
B)False
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 62
Chapter 12: Section 4: Stress, Health, and Coping
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
22 Verified Questions
22 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/74985
Sample Questions
Q1) According to Focus on Neuroscience: The Mysterious Placebo Effect, one possible explanation for the placebo effect is that it:
A)is ineffective for reducing pain.
B)can have a harmful effect on the central nervous system.
C)reduces pain by activating the brain's natural opioid network.
D)increases pain by activating the brain's natural opioid network.
Q2) Research has generally found that people who have many friends, a large social network, and frequent contact with others are:
A)more likely to get sick because they are exposed to more germs than people who have few social contacts.
B)less likely to develop a serious illness than people who have little contact with others.
C)more likely to develop a serious illness because they experience more daily hassles as a result of the demands involved in having a large social networks.
D)more likely to experience the stress contagion effect and have lower resistance to infections, and a higher incidence of cardiovascular disease and stroke.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
63
Chapter 12: Section 5: Stress, Health, and Coping
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
23 Verified Questions
23 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/74984
Sample Questions
Q1) A PET-scan study that was featured in Focus on Neuroscience: The Mysterious Placebo Effect demonstrated that a placebo painkiller:
A)does not relieve pain and does not seem to affect brain regions.
B)relieves pain but activates different brain areas than genuine painkillers.
C)actually increases the sensation of pain.
D)activates the same brain areas as genuine painkillers.
Q2) According to Martin Seligman, people who exhibit a(n) _____ explanatory style are more likely to _____.
A)pessimistic; experience the stress contagion effect
B)optimistic; use internal, stable, and global explanations for negative events
C)pessimistic; use external, unstable, and specific explanations for negative events
D)optimistic; be healthier and persist despite setbacks
Q3) According to Table 12.1: The Social Readjustment Rating Scale, which of the following life changes would receive the HIGHEST number of life event units?
A)a change in residence
B)the death of a close friend
C)divorce
D)marriage
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 64
Chapter 13: Section 1: Psychological Disorders
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
36 Verified Questions
36 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/74983
Sample Questions
Q1) Describe the characteristics of dissociative identity disorder, and discuss the factors that have been implicated in its development. Why are many psychologists and other mental health professionals skeptical about the validity of this disorder?
Q2) What evidence seems to support the role of genetic factors in the development of schizophrenia?
Q3) Describe the triple vulnerabilities model and the catastrophic cognitions theory and explain how they account for the development of panic disorder.
Q4) How does pathological anxiety differ from normal feelings of anxiety?
Q5) Marcus appears completely normal on the outside. He is well-dressed, clean, and seems upbeat and happy. However, Marcus has periods of time where he is confused about who he is. He will travel thousands of miles away from home and when asked to present his driver's license (such as when checking into a hotel), he seems confused about whose ID he has. In several instances, he has argued that he must have picked up the wrong wallet because the driver's license is not his. What disorder does Marcus likely have? Explain your answer.
Q6) Describe the Finnish Adoptive Family Study of Schizophrenia and the implications of its findings.
Q7) What symptoms characterize bipolar disorder?
Page 65
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 13: Section 2: Psychological Disorders
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
256 Verified Questions
256 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/74982
Sample Questions
Q1) Tessa suffers from bulimia nervosa, and Gayle suffers from binge-eating disorder. Which of the following statements about the women is TRUE?
A)Both Tessa and Gayle engage in purging and other behaviors that rid their bodies of food.
B)Tessa is more likely to experience feelings of distress, lack of control, and shame.
C)Unlike Tessa, Gayle will not engage in purging or other behaviors to rid her body of food.
D)Both Tessa and Gayle will have a body mass index of 12 or lower.
Q2) Jayne was in a fast-food restaurant when a man walked in, drew a gun, and started shooting, killing two people before killing himself. Although Jayne was not injured in the shooting spree, she has since been unable to return to work. She can't seem to stop thinking about the event. She has recurrent nightmares, is unable to sleep, and does not want to leave her home. It is most likely that Jayne is suffering from _____ disorder.
A)generalized anxiety
B)posttraumatic stress
C)cyclothymic
D)obsessive-compulsive
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Page 66
Chapter 13: Section 3: Psychological Disorders
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
160 Verified Questions
160 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/74981
Sample Questions
Q1) The onset of eating disorders usually occurs during adolescence or early adulthood.
A)True
B)False
Q2) According to the catastrophic cognitions theory of panic disorder, a biological predisposition toward anxiety, a low sense of control over potentially life-threatening events, and oversensitivity to physical sensations combine to make a person vulnerable to panic.
A)True
B)False
Q3) One strategy to help a friend who has expressed serious suicidal intentions is to ask him or her to delay their decision to commit suicide for even a few days.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Environmental, psychological, and genetic as well as other biological factors are thought to be involved in generalized anxiety disorder.
A)True
B)False
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 13: Section 4: Psychological Disorders
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
34 Verified Questions
34 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/74980
Sample Questions
Q1) Lloyd and Bentley are college roommates. Lloyd becomes anxious around large groups of people and, therefore, avoids going to most parties. He feels much more secure when spending time alone or with small groups of friends. Bentley also experiences anxiety in large crowds. He often talks about mass shootings and tells friends and family, "It's just a matter of time until it happens right here." In class, Bentley always arrives early to get a seat by the door in case someone barges into the classroom with an intent to do harm. He is always scanning the environment to make sure he doesn't spot someone suspicions. Which of the following statements about Lloyd and Bentley is TRUE?
A)Both young men are demonstrating signs of pathological anxiety.
B)Bentley is showing signs of pathological anxiety, while Lloyd is showing signs of typical anxiety.
C)Lloyd has agoraphobia, while Bentley likely suffers from generalized anxiety disorder.
D)Bentley has panic disorder, while Lloyd has agoraphobia.
Q2) Generalized anxiety disorder is characterized by:
A)sudden, intense, and short-lived bouts of anxiety.
B)panic attacks that occur frequently and unexpectedly.
C)recurring mental images of a specific traumatic incident.
D)ongoing, global, and persistent anxiety.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 68
Chapter 13: Section 5: Psychological Disorders
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
34 Verified Questions
34 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/74979
Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is NOT a risk factor associated with suicide?
A)flexible thinking and rational beliefs
B)a family history of suicide
C)exposure to cyberbullying
D)presence of a firearm in the home
Q2) _____ personality disorder involves exaggerated, overly dramatic expression of emotions and attention-seeking behavior that often includes sexually seductive or provocative behaviors.
A)Antisocial
B)Histrionic
C)Dependent
D)Narcissistic
Q3) Which of the following statements about normal versus abnormal behavior is TRUE?
A)Abnormal behavior requires medical intervention, whereas normal behavior does not.
B)Abnormal behavior is obvious and normal behavior is generally ignored.
C)Abnormal behavior is considered "crazy," whereas normal behavior is universally accepted.
D)The difference between normal and abnormal is often a matter of degree.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 14: Section 1: Therapies
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
38 Verified Questions
38 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/74978
Sample Questions
Q1) Describe the steps used in systematic desensitization and identify the conditioning principles involved in this technique.
Q2) Describe three therapeutic techniques that are used in non-European cultures (or used with members of non-European cultures).
Q3) Compare and contrast the first-generation antidepressants with the second-generation antidepressants and identify the newest antidepressant drugs that have been developed.
Q4) Describe similarities and differences in Freud's and Rogers's views of the therapeutic relationship.
Q5) Compare and contrast eclectic psychotherapy to integrative psychotherapy.
Q6) Describe the psychotherapy techniques that were developed by Sigmund Freud, and explain their therapeutic functions.
Q7) What are the basic premises of family therapy? How does family therapy differ from individual psychotherapy?
Q8) What are the basic assumptions and processes in Aaron Beck's cognitive therapy (CT)?
Q9) How do the cultural values inherent in Western psychotherapy sometimes clash with the values of other cultures?
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 70
Chapter 14: Section 2: Therapies
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
258 Verified Questions
258 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/74977
Sample Questions
Q1) For the last several weeks, Cheryl has been responding to her therapist with hostility during her sessions of psychoanalysis. Cheryl often responds similarly to her parents, especially her mother. Cheryl is probably unconsciously experiencing: A)resistance.
B)transference.
C)overgeneralization.
D)personalization.
Q2) The benzodiazepines, a category of antianxiety medications, produce their calming effects by increasing brain levels of:
A)lithium.
B)serotonin.
C)dopamine.
D)GABA.
Q3) Which of the following statements about lithium salt is FALSE?
A)Lithium salt is a naturally occurring substance.
B)Lithium salt was used in bottled water and in an early version of the soft drink 7-Up.
C)Lithium salt is used to treat bipolar disorder.
D)Lithium salt is a benzodiazepine.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 14: Section 3: Therapies
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
167 Verified Questions
167 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/74976
Sample Questions
Q1) Carl Rogers believed that it was essential for the therapist to actively direct the client so that psychotherapy sessions are productive and focused on the goals that the therapist has set for the client.
A)True
B)False
Q2) One key idea in cognitive-behavioral therapy is that changes in behavior can cause changes in moods and thoughts.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Prozac, Zoloft, Paxil, and other SSRIs primarily affect the availability of a single neurotransmitter called serotonin.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Freud's technique of transference involves the therapist actively challenging the patient's irrational beliefs.
A)True
B)False
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 72
Chapter 14: Section 4: Therapies
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
30 Verified Questions
30 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/74975
Sample Questions
Q1) What general conclusion can be drawn about the effectiveness of psychotherapy?
A)Psychotherapy is significantly more effective than no treatment.
B)Psychotherapy is about as effective as receiving no treatment.
C)Client-centered therapy tends to be much more effective than cognitive or behavior therapies.
D)Psychoanalytic therapy is significantly more effective than cognitive or behavior therapies.
Q2) In her therapy practice, Dr. Castellanos regularly uses the techniques of free association, dream interpretation, transference, resistance, and interpretation. Dr. Castellanos has been trained in _____ therapy.
A)humanistic
B)psychoanalytic
C)behavioral
D)cognitive
Q3) The three essential components of client-centered therapy are:
A)transference, interpretation, and resistance.
B)catharsis, dream interpretation, and insight.
C)reinforcers, consequences, and tokens.
D)genuineness, unconditional positive regard, and empathic understanding.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Page 73
Chapter 14: Section 5: Therapies
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
15 Verified Questions
15 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/74974
Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements about bipolar disorder is FALSE?
A)A small percentage of people with bipolar disorder experience only manic episodes.
B)There are no differences between the sexes in the rate at which bipolar occurs.
C)A small percentage of people with bipolar disorder display rapid cycling, experiencing four or more manic or depressive episodes every year.
D)For both men and women, the lifetime risk of being affected by the symptoms of bipolar disorder is about 15 percent.
Q2) A commonly seen _____ symptom that occurs in schizophrenia is _____.
A)negative; delusions
B)positive; hallucinations
C)positive; flat affect
D)negative; sensory distortion
Q3) Which of the following is NOT a risk factor associated with suicide?
A)flexible thinking and rational beliefs
B)a family history of suicide
C)exposure to cyberbullying
D)presence of a firearm in the home
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.