Foundations of Psychology Question Bank
Course Introduction
Foundations of Psychology explores the essential principles, theories, and research methods that underpin the scientific study of human behavior and mental processes. This course introduces students to fundamental topics such as biological bases of behavior, perception, learning, memory, development, motivation, emotion, personality, and psychological disorders. Students will also examine the historical development of psychology as a discipline and its various theoretical perspectives, including behavioral, cognitive, humanistic, and psychodynamic approaches. Through lectures, discussions, and hands-on activities, students develop critical thinking skills and gain insight into how psychological principles apply to everyday life and contemporary societal issues.
Recommended Textbook
Psychology From Inquiry to Understanding 3rd Edition by Scott O. Lilienfeld
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320 Verified Questions
320 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Psychology and Scientific Thinking
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Sample Questions
Q1) A group of animal behaviorists has discovered several new species of insects in the Amazon jungle.They collect the new species for later study back at the camp.Due to advances in computer technology,they are able to transfer their findings immediately to other researchers studying insects.Their willingness to share these findings with other scientists shows their commitment to A)critical thinking.
B)falsifiability.
C)peer review.
D)pseudoscience.
Answer: C
Q2) Because none of us wants to believe we are wrong,we are usually reluctant to give up cherished notions.This phenomenon is known as A)belief perseverance.
B)the confirmation bias.
C)the availability heuristic.
D)the fundamental attribution.
Answer: A
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Chapter 1: Exsetntion: Psychology and Scientific Thinking
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Q1) Dr.Wolpe designs an experimental test of his theory of aggression against a competing theory.After conducting the appropriate statistical tests,he finds that the data are better explained by the competing theory.His willingness to accept the evidence that another theory is superior is a characteristic of
A)dogmatism.
B)gullibility.
C)pathological skepticism.
D)scientific skepticism.
Answer: D
Q2) Curtis is considering buying a new workout machine that promises weight loss at twice the rate of other machines.When Curtis questioned such a claim with the manufacturer,the customer service representative stated this was a new system and previous research on weight loss was not applicable.This example illustrates which warning sign of pseudoscience?
A)Evasion of peer review
B)Absence of connectivity
C)Overreliance on anecdotes
D)Lack of self-correction
Answer: B
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4
Chapter 2: Research Methods
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Sample Questions
Q1) Dr.Fortner is discussing cognitive psychology with his introductory psychology class and says that we act as cognitive misers when making judgments about others or making decisions.What does Dr.Fortner mean with this statement?
A)We are frequently incorrect in our judgments and decision making.
B)We value accuracy in our judgments and decisions.
C)We are lazy and conserve mental energy by simplifying the world.
D)We will use heuristics only as long as they give us the correct answer
Answer: C
Q2) Sarah,a graduate student in psychology,just heard about a five-year-old child who has already learned calculus.She is thinking about doing an in-depth study of the child for her dissertation because such early-life math skill is so rare.Sarah is considering which research method?
A)Naturalistic observation
B)Experiment
C)Independent study
D)Case study
Answer: D
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Chapter 2: Exsetntion: Research Methods
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Q1) Which of the following is one of the two types of statistics that researchers use to analyze the data that they collect?
A)Predictive statistics
B)Constrictive statistics
C)Descriptive statistics
D)Computational statistics
Q2) A therapist wishes to show that his new therapy is a marked improvement over the current best available therapy.To do so,he examines the number of participants who improved with each.A total of 125 participants received his treatment (and 100 of them improved).A total of 80 participants received the alternative treatment (and 64 of them improved).What should the therapist conclude?
A)His treatment is superior to the alternative because 100 is greater than 64.
B)His treatment is no better than the alternative because the percentages are the same.
C)His treatment is inferior because the percentages are the same.
D)His treatment is superior because it included 125 people as opposed to 80.
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Chapter 3: Biological Psychology
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Q1) Kayla and Layla are twins who were separated at birth.A researcher interested in studying heredity tracks them down and speaks to their different families about the benefits that can be achieved by studying the two young girls.The girls and their different sets of parents agree to participate,and studies begin assessing various areas of the girls' lives.In order for this type of twin study to be most effective,what kind of twins should Kayla and Layla be?
A)Conjoined
B)Monozygotic
C)Amorphous
D)Dizygotic
Q2) A cell in the human nervous system whose primary function is to help form myelin and the blood-brain barrier,respond to injury,remove debris,and enhance learning and memory is called a(n)_____ cell.
A)epidermal
B)adipose
C)glial
D)polypeptide-Y
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Chapter 3: Exsetntion: Biological Psychology
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Q1) _____ are slender threads inside of a cell's nucleus that carry genes.
A)Chromosomes
B)Ribosomes
C)Golgisomes
D)DNA strands
Q2) _____ play(s)a critical role as a neurotransmitter that stimulates muscles to contract.
A)Acetylcholine
B)GABA
C)Dopamine
D)Endorphins
Q3) Marta was in an automobile accident and suffered an injury to her brain,resulting in paralysis of her left arm.What part of Marta's brain was injured?
A)Auditory association area
B)Motor cortex
C)Somatosensory cortex
D)Broca's area
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8
Chapter 4: Sensation and Perception
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Q1) Clara,the psychic,is addressing her audience prior to the show.She notices that two of the audience members are wearing military uniforms.After a brief conversation with one of the soldiers,she suggests to him that he may be experiencing some doubt over recent events that took place.Which process is Clara engaging in?
A)Cold reading
B)Precognition
C)Telepathy
D)Clairvoyance
Q2) A common symptom associated with depression is loss of appetite.Research indicates that this occurs because
A)our taste sensitivity is heightened by the neurotransmitters targeted by antidepressant drugs.
B)our taste thresholds are increased by the neurotransmitters targeted by antidepressant drugs.
C)our taste thresholds are unchanged by the neurotransmitters targeted by antidepressant drugs.
D)we are more likely to label food as "disgusting" when we are emotionally aroused.
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Chapter 4: Exsetntion: Sensation and Perception
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Q1) Rafael has a cold and plugged sinuses.These symptoms are most likely to affect
A)his ability to listen to his Art History professor's lecture.
B)his enjoyment of the food at the university cafeteria.
C)his pain tolerance threshold.
D)his sense of balance.
Q2) Brightness refers to the intensity of light.The corresponding term when discussing sound is A)hue.
B)loudness.
C)pitch.
D)timbre.
Q3) Psychics are often viewed as accurate because they make general statements like,"A major celebrity will spend time in jail in 2007," and then we recall that Paris Hilton and Nicole Richie were sentenced to serve jail time in 2007.This is the psychic trick of A)clairvoyance.
B)cold reading.
C)failed psychic predictions.
D)multiple end points.
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Chapter 5: Consciousness
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Q1) In a strange condition called sex sleep,or _____,people engage in sexual acts while asleep and don't remember what occurred after they awaken.
A)nocturnal erotica disorder
B)circadian coitus syndrome
C)erotoslumber
D)sexsomnia
Q2) Which of the following pairs belong together?
A)Marijuana; tetrahydrocannabinol
B)Marijuana; psilocybin
C)Marijuana; acetylcholine
D)MDMA; acetylcholine
Q3) Enrico claims that déjà vu is evidence of a memory from one's past life.This claim violates which principle of critical thinking?
A)Falsifiability
B)Parsimony
C)Replicability
D)Ruling out rival hypotheses
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Chapter 5: Exsetntion: Consciousness
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Q1) Although he knows that it is wrong,Sean has a crush on his new stepmom.He dreams of the two of them running away together and living happily ever after.What aspect of dreaming does this represent?
A)Activation-synthesis
B)Repressed desires
C)Wish fulfillment
D)Dream-work
Q2) At its most basic level,_____ is an exercise in suggestion.
A)hypnosis
B)meditation
C)dreaming
D)lucidity
Q3) Sleepwalking occurs most often during _____ sleep.
A)REM
B)stage 1
C)stage 2
D)stage 4
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Chapter 6: Learning
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Q1) The kind of learning that applies to voluntary behavior is called _____.
A)operant conditioning
B)classical conditioning
C)effective based learning
D)discovery learning
Q2) After Pavlov's dogs became conditioned to salivate at the sound of the metronome,he experimented with sounding the metronome but not presenting the meat powder to the dogs.Soon they stopped salivating to the sound of the metronome.This represents the process called _____.
A)acquisition
B)testing
C)extinction
D)spontaneous recovery
Q3) The tendency for animals to return to innate behaviors following repeated reinforcement is called
A)equipotentiality.
B)instinctive drift.
C)SALTT.
D)discovery learning.
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Chapter 6: Exsetntion: Learning
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Q1) Which theorist is responsible for suggesting that the distribution of phobias in the human population can be explained by biological preparedness?
A)Breland
B)Garcia
C)Seligman
D)Tolman
Q2) The situation of a student's final grade improving one letter grade for every three books read represents which schedule of reinforcement?
A)Fixed interval
B)Fixed ratio
C)Variable interval
D)Variable ratio
Q3) Which of the following is an example of positive reinforcement?
A)Giving a child candy for completing their homework
B)Removing a child's chores when he or she completes homework
C)Allowing students homework passes if they work hard during class
D)Taking away privileges if a child does not follow classroom rules
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14
Chapter 7: Memory
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Q1) When one attempts to recreate a retrieval environment that is as similar as possible to the initial encoding,or learning,environment as possible,he or she is making use of the principle of
A)distributed practice.
B)encoding specificity.
C)parsimony.
D)priming.
Q2) With regard to the idea of patients' memories being shaped by suggestive psychotherapy techniques,psychologists
A)are in agreement that this frequently happens.
B)are in agreement that this rarely happens.
C)are divided about whether such memories are real or false memories.
D)need more evidence to demonstrate that false memories can be implanted.
Q3) Although you have never taken a class with Dr.Hua,you walk into class,sit down,open your notebook,and wait for the professor to begin his lecture.What concept is being illustrated?
A)Schema
B)Storage
C)Priming
D)Primacy effect
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Chapter 7: Exsetntion: Memory
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Q1) For students to show the best performance on their exams,they are advised to engage in
A)delayed practice.
B)distributed practice.
C)massed practice.
D)processed practice.
Q2) Roseanne claims that she can remember instances of childhood sexual abuse that started at 6 months of age.Why are most psychologists likely to be skeptical of this and other such claims?
A)Because decay leads to almost immediate forgetting of newly learned information.
B)Because infantile amnesia makes it unlikely that these are true memories from that age.
C)Because proponents of the realism of such claims are charging less to treat the victims of this abuse than those who are dubious of the claims.
D)Repression inhibits the conscious recognition of traumatic events such as childhood sexual abuse.
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Chapter 8: Thinking, Reasoning, and Language
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Q1) The average reader uses _____ to read the vast majority of printed words.
A)phonetic decomposition
B)whole word recognition
C)surface salience
D)the representativeness heuristic
Q2) Which of the following brain areas is primarily involved in speech comprehension?
A)Corpus's area
B)Wernicke's area
C)Broca's area
D)Munchausen's area
Q3) People with cancer tend to be more optimistic if their doctor says "You are 90% certain to survive" as opposed to "There is a 1 in 10 chance you will die." This is an example of
A)poor bedside manners.
B)a heuristic.
C)framing information.
D)developing a healthful concept.
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Chapter 8: Exsetntion: Thinking, Reasoning, and Language
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Q1) Our co-worker says,"It's awful in here." To understand what she means,we must
A)take into account extralinguistic information,such as location and facial expressions.
B)examine the grammatical structure of her comment.
C)examine the morphemes in the statement to determine the smaller units of meaning in the sentence.
D)ignore nonverbal cues so that we are not distracted.
Q2) If I am given 10 math problems,and I can and do solve the first nine in the same way,I may struggle with the tenth problem if it requires a different method to solve it.This best illustrates the concept of
A)the salience of surface properties.
B)thin slicing.
C)mental sets.
D)hindsight bias.
Q3) As symbolic systems of communication,most languages
A)generally match sounds to the meaning of words.
B)are arbitrary in the relationship between words and meaning.
C)can be translated to another without impaired meanings of complex concepts.
D)do not have concepts that are unique to just one particular language.
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Chapter 9: Intelligence and IQ Testing
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Q1) Dillan really wants a turn at the swing,but there are two more children in front of him.If Dillan pushes the other two children out of the way,it will be his turn,but the other children will be angry and might get hurt.What aspect of thought is involved in Dillan's decision making?
A)Ideological intelligence
B)Social intelligence
C)Emotional intelligence
D)Empathetic intelligence
Q2) The deviation IQ score
A)compares mental age to chronological age.
B)is an IQ score expressed as a standard deviation.
C)is a culture-free IQ score.
D)is an IQ relative to one's same-aged peers.
Q3) Zoe wants to test the IQ of a group of ESL students who do not speak any English.What test might you recommend to her?
A)Stanford-Binet
B)Raven's Progressive Matrices
C)WISC-IV
D)WPPSI
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Page 19
Chapter 9: Exsetntion: Intelligence and IQ Testing
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Q1) A person starts from one point and comes up with many different ideas or possibilities based on that point.The person is engaging in _____.
A)functional thinking
B)circular thinking
C)convergent thinking
D)divergent thinking
Q2) Dr.Cho wants to know if differences in the growth rate of fish are based on genetics or the environment.He buys two fish.Fish 1 is fed everyday,while fish 2 is fed every other day.At the end of a month,fish 1 is nearly 15 percent larger than fish 2.Considering the fish have a nearly identical genetic makeup,what can Dr.Cho conclude?
A)Environmental changes can account for all the differences in growth rate.
B)Genetic influences must account for a majority of the differences in growth rate.
C)Environmental conditions were more favorable for fish 2.
D)Differences in growth rate cannot be determined by his simple experiment.
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Chapter 10: Human Development
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Q1) Young Eli,only a bit over 18 months of age,has been fooled by his parents.In order to get him to willingly take a children's chewable vitamin every day,his parents have taught him that it is a "candy." Now,whenever Eli sees any product that is small and brightly colored,he says "Candy! YUMMM!" and tries to put it into his mouth.Eli's attempt to make new stimuli consistent with his existing mental structures is an example of _____.
A)centration
B)egocentrism
C)accommodation
D)assimilation
Q2) During menarche,teenagers experience
A)the start of menstruation.
B)the first ejaculation.
C)voice changes.
D)the end of menstruation.
Q3) Which of the following is not a known symptom of fetal alcohol syndrome?
A)Facial malformations
B)Respiratory difficulties
C)Behavioral disorders
D)Learning disabilities
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Page 21
Chapter 10: Exsetntion: Human Development
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Q1) Lyette has recently given birth to her first child.She decides to start playing classical music near the baby's crib at night so that the child will develop greater intelligence.Which of the following may be an explanation for why such strategies appear to have some impact on the developing child?
A)These strategies are like "vegetables for the brain," and impact virtually every area of brain growth and development.This is why it is a good idea to play classical music for a child even before (s)he is born.
B)These strategies impact the use of echoic memory,which is distinctly tied to the ability to boost intellectual growth.
C)These strategies boost the activity of the temporal lobes,which are responsible for both hearing and intellectual development.Therefore,long-term intelligence improvement is likely to occur.
D)These strategies boost short-term arousal,which may help performance on mentally demanding tasks for a brief period of time; however,there is no evidence that they will impact long-term intelligence.
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22
Chapter 11: Emotion and Motivation
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Q1) Before entering first grade,little Mina used to love to read books.Once school started,her teacher began a program to motivate her students to read.She began to give stars to those children who finished a new book.As a result,Mina no longer reads while she is at home.What has likely occurred?
A)Mina's intrinsic motivation decreased.
B)Mina's extrinsic motivation decreased.
C)Mina's intrinsic motivation was unchanged.
D)Mina's intrinsic motivation was increased.
Q2) Mrs.Woodham wants her students to embrace the book The Giving Tree by Shel Silverstein.She believes the message is a powerful one.What might you encourage her to do?
A)Have each student read the book and write a response.
B)Get the book on CD and play it for her students.
C)Read the book to the students every day.
D)Read the book to the students and then have them read it themselves.
Q3) Commitment without intimacy or passion might be referred to as
A)fatuous love.
B)companionate love.
C)empty love.
D)liking.
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Chapter 11: Exsetntion: Emotion and Motivation
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Q1) Who is being driven by intrinsic motivation?
A)Matt,who is dying to win the trophy he sees behind the podium
B)Lucia,who hopes to earn a scholarship for college so her parents won't have to pay for her tuition
C)Kira,who enjoys running marathons for the challenge
D)Kip,who is working for a promotion and a raise at his job
Q2) Little Denny is listening to Grandpa Joe talk about the "good old days." How is Grandpa Joe likely to be feeling?
A)Tired
B)Sad
C)Happy
D)Nostalgic
Q3) "Look at those two,they can't keep their hands off of each other! They've only been on two dates,and they barely know each other!" What type of love is being depicted?
A)Companionate
B)Infatuation
C)Committed
D)Intimate
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Chapter 12: Stress, Coping, and Health
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Q1) Melissa's mother was recently diagnosed with leukemia.As a result,Melissa is now required to take care of all of her mother's personal needs and manage her financial affairs.Melissa is already a full-time student,and is also the primary caregiver for her son.However,Melissa has an attitude that things could be worse.She is confident that she will get through this crisis.Thus,she is displaying
A)self-enhancement.
B)rumination.
C)hardiness.
D)self-confidence.
Q2) Which of the stage of the general adaptation syndrome is most indicated by activation of the fight-or-flight system?
A)Alarm
B)Resistance
C)Rumination
D)Exhaustion
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Chapter 12: Exsetntion: Stress, Coping, and Health
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Q1) Research into the post-event reactions of those who were living in New York City many months after the attacks on September 11,2001 found which of the following to be true?
A)A majority of those polled demonstrated remarkable resilience to the potential effects of the trauma of 9/11.
B)A majority of those living in New York City at that time had moved to the city since the attacks,indicating that most of those who lived in the city when the attack occurred had left the area.
C)A majority of those polled were suffering significant levels of PTSD symptoms.
D)A majority of those polled were willing to discuss mundane details of their lives,but were very resistant to discussing anything related to the 9/11 attacks.
Q2) Tad seems to thrive when faced with difficult challenges and usually feels in control of his life.He would probably be labeled a _____ personality.
A)stressed
B)Type B
C)Type C
D)hardy
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Page 26
Chapter 13: Social Psychology
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Q1) Who is least likely to be aggressive?
A)Cody,a Southerner who has just been insulted by a neighbor
B)Juan,who just watched a daylong marathon of slasher movies
C)Jeff,who has been drinking heavily at a bar
D)Shoshone,who lives in Anchorage,Alaska
Q2) What is the moral or take-home message of Solomon Asch's series of experiments in which participants were asked to judge the lengths of lines?
A)People will go to great lengths to please people on whom they depend.
B)People will go to great lengths to fit in with others.
C)People will go to great lengths to assert their independence.
D)People will go to great lengths to convince others of their points of view.
Q3) Aleta is looking at a stack of applications for the open position she has at her bakery.She called all of the applicants acting as if she were asking an important question about their application.Really,however,she wanted to know who had an accent so she could put those applications in the "no" pile.Aleta just engaged in
A)prejudice.
B)the bystander effect.
C)discrimination.
D)social inhibition.
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Page 27
Chapter 13: Exsetntion: Social Psychology
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Q1) _____ is the claim that our attributions and behaviors are shaped by a belief that the world is fair and people always get what they deserve.
A)The just-world hypothesis
B)The scapegoat hypothesis
C)The bandwagon hypothesis
D)The maladaptive gullibility hypothesis
Q2) When Sam went looking for a new car,he met a beautiful saleswoman who described the beauty of the car and its flashiness,and how good Sam would look driving it.She did not mention the poor gas mileage,the exorbitant price,and poor road performance.Sam made a snap decision to buy the car from the persuasive saleswoman.Sam was using which alternative pathway in making a decision?
A)The central route
B)The peripheral route
C)The afferent route
D)The efferent route
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28
Chapter 14: Personality
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Q1) Cailee and Rick's parents take them to church every week.What type of influence on personality is being exhibited?
A)Genetic
B)Nonshared environmental
C)Shared environmental
D)Sociological
Q2) The main conflict of the anal stage comes from
A)the Oedipal complex.
B)toilet training.
C)sexual repression.
D)weaning off the breast or bottle.
Q3) The neo-Freudian,Carl Jung,suggested the existence of a collective unconscious that contains images shared by all people,called _____.
A)schemas
B)archetypes
C)prototypes
D)instincts
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29
Chapter 14: Exsetntion: Personality
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Q1) William's father wants him to join the army.William has no desire to join.What personality test could William fool the easiest into believing he had a psychological disorder that might keep him out of the army?
A)MMPI-2
B)Rorschach
C)CPI
D)MBQ
Q2) A key criticism of the trait perspective on personality development is that it A)fails to explain the cause of the differences in the various trait dimensions.
B)focuses too much on the role of unconscious forces in personality development.
C)ignores the evil and selfishness that humans are capable of.
D)lacks supportive evidence for the existence of multiple trait dimensions.
Q3) Achak is upset.He tells his roommate that if his psychology teacher knew how to teach,Achak would not have flunked his midterm.What locus of control is Achak demonstrating?
A)Latent
B)Reciprocal
C)Internal
D)External
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Page 30
Chapter 15: Psychological Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) Any behavior that does not allow a person to function within or adapt to the stresses and everyday demands of life is considered abnormal because it creates _____.
A)deviance
B)distress
C)disapproval
D)impairment
Q2) According to the data,the single best predictor of suicide is
A)loss of a loved one.
B)depression.
C)a previous attempt.
D)unemployment.
Q3) After being passed up for a promotion and then getting into a heated argument with his son,a man disappears.He shows up two weeks later in another town with no memory of who he is or how he got there.He appears to be suffering from _____.
A)schizophrenia
B)a somatoform disorder
C)a dissociative disorder
D)factitious disorder
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Chapter 15: Exsetntion: Psychological Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) Believing that other people,or the government,is out to get you is one way in which sufferers of schizophrenia experience their A)compulsions.
B)delusions.
C)hallucinations.
D)obsessions.
Q2) The diathesis-stress model suggests that schizophrenia develops from A)genetic influences entirely.
B)environmental influences entirely.
C)exposure to stress.
D)a combination of a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia and exposure to significant stressors in their life.
Q3) Major changes in sleep patterns,weight level,and a loss of interest in pleasurable activities,characterize A)agoraphobia.
B)major depressive disorder.
C)schizophrenia.
D)social anxiety.
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Chapter 16: Psychological and Biological Treatments
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Q1) John slipped up last night at the party and had a glass of wine.He called his relapse prevention therapist immediately,who told him it was okay,and that he needed to refocus on his sobriety and what led him to take that drink in the first place.John needed this validation and support to avoid
A)the abstinence violation effect.
B)the difference violation effect.
C)the resistance violation effect.
D)the continence violation effect.
Q2) Karen is a family therapist who has just arrived at her client family's home to have dinner with them and spend the evening.Her visit is not social,but rather will be an opportunity for her to see how the family interacts with one another.Karen is using which family therapy model?
A)stratified family therapy
B)structural family therapy
C)logical family intervention
D)strategic family intervention
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Chapter 16: Exsetntion: Psychological and Biological Treatments
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10 Verified Questions
10 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/77188
Sample Questions
Q1) Psychologists find group therapy to be an effective approach to treatment because A)it is more effective at producing lasting changes than the individual treatments.
B)it allows participants to practice new skills in a safe environment.
C)they interact less with each individual patient.
D)they can make more money.
Q2) In what brand of psychotherapy would a clinical psychologist attempt to uncover the underlying unconscious conflicts and impulses that are the cause of one's psychological difficulties?
A)Behavioral
B)Cognitive-behavioral
C)Humanistic
D)Psychoanalytic/psychodynamic
Q3) Psychotherapy is an intervention designed to help people to deal with and manage
A)legal problems.
B)financial problems.
C)interpersonal problems only.
D)behavioral,emotional,and interpersonal problems.
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