Foundations of Psychology Question Bank
Course Introduction
Foundations of Psychology introduces students to the scientific study of human behavior and mental processes. The course covers major psychological theories, historical perspectives, research methods, biological bases of behavior, sensation and perception, learning, memory, development, personality, and psychological disorders. Emphasis is placed on understanding core concepts, applying psychological principles to real-life situations, and critically evaluating psychological research. Through lectures, discussions, and practical activities, students gain a comprehensive overview of the field and develop foundational skills for further study in psychology.
Recommended Textbook
Psychology An Introduction 10th Edition by Benjamin Lahey
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17 Chapters
3025 Verified Questions
3025 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Introduction to Psychology
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153 Verified Questions
153 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) If you were a female psychologist at the turn of the century,what could you most likely expect in your professional future?
A) to be paid a salary equivalent to your male colleagues
B) to be offered a teaching position in an all-male institution without prejudice
C) to find that your professional career will end if you choose to marry and/or have a family
D) to be awarded a doctoral degree with the same likelihood as your male peers
Answer: C
Q2) Developing a test to determine whether an employee will perform well in a specific job fulfills the psychological goal of influence.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) Psychologists who support the ____________ perspective are interested in how characteristics,such as intelligence,are influenced by heredity.
Answer: neuroscience
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Chapter 2: Research Methods in Psychology
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181 Verified Questions
181 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Dr.Scott finds a correlation coefficient of +.73 between Variable H and Variable J.Which of the following is NOT a possible source of the correlation?
A) When people do a lot of Variable H,they are less likely to do Variable J.
B) Variable H causes Variable J.
C) Variable J causes Variable H.
D) Variables H and J are both caused by a third variable.
Answer: A
Q2) Scientists make predictions about the likelihood that certain events will occur.When a scientist makes a prediction capable of being empirically tested,we say that he or she has formulated a(n):
A) operational definition.
B) hypothesis.
C) explanation.
D) theory.
Answer: B
Q3) If you have a correlation coefficient of zero,your variables are unrelated.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Biological Foundations in Behavior
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185 Verified Questions
185 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The main function of Wernicke's area is:
A) language comprehension.
B) vision.
C) sensory and motor coordination.
D) language production.
Answer: A
Q2) Asher suffered damage when a tumor was removed from his brain.As a result,he becomes sexually aroused at irregular and inappropriate times.Of the following,which area of Asher's brain was most likely damaged?
A) thalamus
B) cerebellum
C) hypothalamus
D) medulla
Answer: C
Q3) The nucleus of the neuron is located in the:
A) axon.
B) dendrite.
C) cell body.
D) synapse.
Answer: C
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Chapter 4: The Interplay of Nature and Nurture
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to social-role theory,in today's societies,gender differences result from: A) differential brain functioning.
B) the division of labor within a specific culture.
C) differences in male and female genes.
D) differing levels of aggression in men and women.
Q2) The fact that most differences between the brains of men and women are NOT evident until adulthood suggests that:
A) men and women do not begin using more complex reasoning skills until adulthood. B) men's brains grown larger when they are socialized to believe they have privileged status in our society.
C) variations in experiences and behaviors may influence gender differences in the brain.
D) males and females function within the same range of intelligence until adulthood,where men finally excel.
Q3) Describe twin and adoption studies,and explain why they are so important to the study of the effects of heredity.
Q4) List and describe three cognitive differences between men and women.
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6
Chapter 5: Sensation and Perception
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214 Verified Questions
214 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The firing of the receptors in which structure is responsible for sending the "tilt" signal to the brain when the head moves?
A) cupula
B) utricle
C) saccule
D) organ of Corti
Q2) Your psychology instructor asked you to taste a number of solutions.In the experiment,you were able to detect a sixteenth of a teaspoon of sugar dissolved in 8 ounces of water 50% of the time (as compared to plain water).You have just determined your ____________ for the taste of sweet.
A) difference threshold
B) absolute threshold
C) adaptive threshold
D) adaptation rate
Q3) The opening in the center of the iris is called the:
A) optic chiasm.
B) cornea.
C) pupil.
D) fovea.
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Page 7
Chapter 6: States of Consciousness
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189 Verified Questions
189 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Most people only report having dreams several times a week because:
A) they spend most of the night in other sleep stages.
B) most Americans don't get enough REM sleep.
C) they don't remember the vast majority of their dreams.
D) many people don't dream every night.
Q2) Which of the following individuals is LEAST likely to abuse drugs?
A) a wealthy African American woman
B) a wealthy African American man
C) a wealthy European American woman
D) a wealthy European American man
Q3) "Time seemed to have stopped.I was somehow everywhere,yet nowhere.I can't really put it into words,but I felt I was at peace.I felt I was in touch with the totality of reality." The person making these statements probably just experienced a(n):
A) dream.
B) altered state of consciousness.
C) hallucination.
D) delusion.
Q4) A ____________ state is one that "goes beyond" what is normally experienced.
Q5) Compare and contrast nightmares with night terrors.
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Chapter 7: Basic Principles of Learning
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197 Verified Questions
197 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The leader of a cult tells its followers that if they bow down to him,he will prevent Satan from burning them alive.The followers bow down to him,and sure enough,Satan does not burn them,so they keep bowing down to the leader.This is an example of:
A) punishment.
B) positive reinforcement.
C) extinction.
D) avoidance conditioning.
Q2) Your 2-year-old son calls all animals with four legs "doggies." Your child is using
Q3) In his investigations of association learning,Pavlov discovered that dogs' best learning of the association between a metronome and food takes place when the interval between each stimulus is about:
A) 1 second.
B) 0.5 second.
C) 3 seconds.
D) 5 seconds.
Q4) Avoidance responses can be extinguished rapidly using a technique called
Q5) A(n)____________ is an inferred mental representation of a physical space.
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Chapter 8: Memory
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190 Verified Questions
190 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which stage of memory has the most time-limited storage capacity?
A) long-term memory
B) short-term memory
C) working memory
D) sensory memory
Q2) The amount of information held in short-term memory can be expanded through the process of ____________.
Q3) Information in long-term memory is first integrated in the ____________ and then is transferred for permanent storage.
A) sensory registers
B) thalamus
C) hippocampus
D) frontal lobes
Q4) In the serial position effect,items at the beginning of the list are still being held in short-term memory but they have been rapidly and efficiently organized.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Donald Hebb called the biological basis of learning and memory ____________.
Q6) In chronic alcoholism,thiamine deficiency can lead to ____________.
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Chapter 9: Cognition, Language, and Intelligence
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188 Verified Questions
188 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A bachelor is a person who is (1)male and (2)unmarried."Bachelor" is an example of a:
A) simple concept.
B) disjunctive concept.
C) conjunctive concept.
D) prototypical concept.
Q2) Which of the following phases is MOST synonymous with cognition?
A) intellectual processes
B) learning
C) sensation and perception
D) a state of consciousness
Q3) The average IQ of truck drivers is ____________,the average IQ of lawyers is ____________.
A) 110;125 or higher
B) 100;135 or higher
C) a little under 100;125 or higher
D) 100;100
Q4) ____________ concepts are defined by the presence of one common characteristic,or another one,or both.
Q5) List and describe Sternberg's cognitive components of intelligence.
Page 11
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Chapter 10: Developmental Psychology
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181 Verified Questions
181 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Describe the concepts of a critical period and imprinting.How do these concepts relate to human development?
Q2) From age 2 to age 18,children learn an average of how many words per day?
A) 1
B) 2
C) 5
D) 10
Q3) Which of the following is a true statement about contemporary opinions regarding the role of early,abnormal experiences in humans?
A) It is clear that such experiences produce irreversible damage.
B) It is clear that such experiences can be reversed under favorable conditions.
C) It is clear that such experiences have no influence on later development.
D) Psychologists are not in agreement regarding this issue.
Q4) The automatic response in which an infant turns its head toward stimulation of the cheek is called the ____________.
Q5) Between the ages of 2 and 7,children are generally in Piaget's ____________ stage.
Q6) List and briefly describe Kubler-Ross's stages of grief.
Q7) Summarize the physical changes associated with puberty for males and females.
Page 12
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Chapter 11: Motivation and Emotion
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213 Verified Questions
213 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The hunger motive and the sexual motive are similar in that they both:
A) increase and decrease arousal.
B) are psychological motives.
C) are activated solely by deprivation.
D) can be activated by incentives.
Q2) According to the University of Chicago survey,what percentage of married American women report having always been sexually faithful to their spouse?
A) 50%
B) 62%
C) 78%
D) 85%
Q3) A firefighter runs into a burning house to save a complete stranger.The firefighter's behavior directly contradicts:
A) Maslow's hierarchy of needs.
B) Solomon's opponent-process theory of acquired motives.
C) the James-Lange theory.
D) the Yerkes-Dodson law.
Q4) When the level of salts increases on the outside of cells,water in cells
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Chapter 12: Personality Theories and Assessment
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170 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Bandura's notion of self-regulation is most similar to Freud's:
A) ego.
B) conscience.
C) id.
D) ego ideal.
Q2) The assumption of a _____________ is that people will "project" unconscious thoughts and motives onto the ambiguous stimuli.
Q3) When a person is verbally hostile toward another,Freud might say they are an oral-retentive personality.
A)True
B)False
Q4) In Freudian theory,the ego:
A) makes moral decisions.
B) makes rational decisions.
C) uses primary process thinking.
D) seeks immediate gratification.
Q5) Both ____________ theory and ____________ theory recognize the power of unconscious thoughts and feelings.
Q6) According to Abraham Maslow,the ultimate in completed growth is
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Chapter 13: Stress and Health
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165 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is true about health concerns for women in the United States?
A) Nearly all health concerns are similar for men and women.
B) More surgeries are performed on women than on men.
C) Death rates for women are growing more dissimilar from those of men as women are engaging in comparatively fewer high-risk behaviors.
D) Women's use of estrogen supplements places them at lower risk of certain health concerns.
Q2) Taylor and colleagues proposed that,rather than the flight-or-flight response typical of males,females tend to respond to stress with the "____________" response.
Q3) Paulo would like to kill his dad for his harsh parenting style.Instead,he joins the football team where he can tackle others.This is an example of:
A) displacement.
B) projection.
C) rationalization.
D) sublimation.
Q4) ____________ involves converting dangerous feelings or motives into socially acceptable activities.
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Chapter 14: Abnormal Behavior
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211 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A difference between somatization disorder and hypochondriasis is that:
A) hypochondriasis is a milder form of somatization disorder.
B) in addition to physical complaints,hypochondriasis often involves addiction to alcohol and other medications.
C) hypochondriasis frequently leads to a complete inability to meet daily responsibilities. D) persons with hypochondriasis will go to great lengths,even unnecessary surgeries,to increase the probability of special attention and sympathy.
Q2) The belief that one is a person of exceptional importance is called a delusion of ____________.
Q3) In the Catholic Church's document Malleus Maleficarum,readers were instructed to treat mental illness with:
A) exorcism.
B) ice-water baths.
C) insulin shock therapy.
D) blood-letting.
Q4) ADHD is NOT a diagnosis endorsed by the APA in the DSM-IV.
A)True
B)False
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Page 16
Chapter 15: Therapies
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to the ethical principles for the practice of psychotherapy,client-therapist romantic relationships are allowed as long as the therapeutic relationship has been over for a minimum of 6 months.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which perspective views abnormal behavior as the result of unresolved unconscious conflicts?
A) psychoanalytic
B) humanistic
C) social learning
D) biological
Q3) The goal of graded exposure is to ____________ the fear response.
A) identify
B) punish
C) shock
D) extinguish
Q4) When used today,electroconvulsive therapy is used to treat ____________.
Q5) Releasing emotions that are pent up with unconscious conflicts,sometimes through an emotional "outburst," is called ____________.
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Chapter 16: Social Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Listeners will be more likely to be persuaded by a message that arouses fear under which of the following circumstances?
A) when the message is explicitly horrifying and gruesome
B) when the message only hints at danger
C) when an easy way to avoid the dreaded outcome is presented along with the message
D) when the feared outcome is strange and unlike anything the listener has ever imagined
Q2) Which of the following best describes how stereotypes affect our interpretation of other people's behavior?
A) We tend to see behaviors that aren't there to justify our stereotypes.
B) We tend to explain others' behavior in ways that support our stereotypes.
C) We tend to taunt people into behaving in ways that support our stereotypes.
D) We don't interpret behaviors if they don't fit our stereotypes.
Q3) The Price Waterhouse sex discrimination lawsuit involved a dispute over:
A) discriminatory hiring practices.
B) discriminatory promotion practices.
C) sexual harassment.
D) slander based on sexual stereotyping.
Q4) Describe three theories as to how stereotypes and prejudice develop.
Page 18
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Chapter 17: Psychology Applied to Business and Other Professions
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167 Verified Questions
167 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) One advantage of intelligent tutoring systems over other instructional methods is that they:
A) provide direct feedback about mistakes and extra practice with difficult concepts.
B) allow whole classrooms of students to proceed at the same pace.
C) identify student strengths and then focus on those strengths.
D) encourage students to work hard to keep up with the rest of the class.
Q2) Psychologists have learned that private office spaces tend to make workers:
A) feel isolated.
B) more likely to quit.
C) less cooperative.
D) feel more comfortable.
Q3) One of the newest areas of focus for human factors engineering is in the assistance of ____________ persons.
Q4) When you give employees specific goals but allow them freedom to decide how to reach those goals,you are:
A) managing by improving physical conditions.
B) managing by using high structuring.
C) utilizing management by objectives.
D) utilizing participative management.
Page 19
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