Foundations of Psychology Practice Questions
Course Introduction
Foundations of Psychology introduces students to the core concepts, theories, and research methods that underpin the scientific study of human behavior and mental processes. The course covers key topics such as biological bases of behavior, perception, learning, memory, emotion, motivation, development, personality, psychological disorders, and social influences on behavior. Through lectures, discussions, and practical activities, students gain an understanding of how psychological principles are applied to everyday life and learn to critically evaluate scientific findings within the field. This course provides a solid basis for further studies in psychology and related disciplines.
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Psychology Themes and Variations 9th Edition by Wayne Weiten
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Chapter 1: The Evolution of Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Larry is a graduate student whose major area of interest is social psychology.You should expect that Larry is MOST interested in
A) the ways in which physical or genetic factors influence and determine behavior.
B) the internal factors that lead people to act consistently across a variety of situations.
C) how people relate to each other and influence each other.
D) the ways in which behavior and mental processes change over a lifetime.
Answer: C
Q2) With which of the following individuals is B.F.Skinner MOST in agreement on the issue of internal mental events?
A) John Watson
B) Sigmund Freud
C) Wilhelm Wundt
D) Abraham Maslow
Answer: A
Q3) ____________________ is a branch of medicine that is concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of psychological problems.
Answer: Psychiatry
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Chapter 2: The Research Enterprise in Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which research method involves a researcher engaging in careful observation of behavior without intervening directly with the subjects?
A) criterion-based induction
B) case studies
C) surveys
D) naturalistic observation
Answer: D
Q2) The first step in a research study is the formulation of a(n)____________________.
Answer: Testable hypothesis
Q3) Research has revealed that subjects who participated in research involving deception
A) were psychologically distressed at being deceived.
B) suffered extreme embarrassment at being "fooled."
C) didn't mind being misled and generally enjoyed taking part in research.
D) lost the ability to trust others.
Answer: C
Q4) As scientists,psychologists assume that behavior is governed by some ____________________ order.
Answer: lawful
Page 4
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Chapter 3: The Biological Bases of Behavior
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Sample Questions
Q1) The observable characteristics of an individual are referred to as that person's A) phenotype.
B) zygotype.
C) genotype.
D) heritability.
Answer: A
Q2) Dr.Rolls is a molecular geneticist interested in researching the influence of heredity on behavior.The technique that Dr.Rolls would be MOST likely to use is
A) chromosomal atlasing.
B) genetic mapping.
C) phenomapping.
D) genome projection.
Answer: B
Q3) The correct order that information passes through in a neuron is A) dendrite, soma, axon.
B) axon, soma, dendrite.
C) dendrite, axon, soma.
D) axon, dendrite, soma.
Answer: A
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Sensation and Perception
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to the Featured Study described in the text,a target woman wearing a red blouse was rated higher by male observers on all of the following EXCEPT
A) perceived attractiveness. B) likability.
C) sexual desirability.
D) dating appeal.
Q2) Which of the following is NOT one of the primary skin sensations? A) pressure
B) pain
C) temperature
D) wetness
Q3) The visual cortex is to the auditory cortex as the occipital lobe is to the A) occipital lobe. B) frontal lobe.
C) temporal lobe.
D) parietal lobe.
Q4) The 20 century painters known as ____________________ focused on form,and applied principles of feature analysis in constructing their paintings.
Q5) Briefly distinguish between sensation and perception.
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Chapter 5: Variations in Consciousness
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Q1) Which of the following is NOT an example of a direct effect health-related risk associated with recreational drugs?
A) marijuana can increase the risk of respiratory disease
B) sedatives and alcohol can increase the risk of automobile accidents
C) cocaine can increase the risk of heart attacks
D) alcohol can increase the risk of liver damage
Q2) In the physiological domain,research has suggested meditation may help with all of the following EXCEPT:
A) regulating hormone levels
B) controlling blood pressure
C) reducing chronic pain
D) improving cardiovascular health
Q3) Research has shown that people who work on a rotating shift schedule are ____ to have accidents and be ____ productive than people who do not work on a rotating shift schedule.
A) more apt; just as B) less apt; less
C) less apt; more
D) more apt; less
Q4) What are dreams and what is known about the significance of their content?
Page 7
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Chapter 6: Learning
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to Skinner,a stimulus is a reinforcer if it
A) reduces a biological need.
B) induces a biological need.
C) increases the probability of the response that produced it.
D) decreases the probability of the response that produced it.
Q2) Skinner demonstrated that organisms tend to repeat responses that are followed by favorable consequences.Skinner termed these favorable consequences
A) unconditioned stimuli.
B) rewards.
C) reinforcers.
D) bribes.
Q3) Classical conditioning could account for how a child learns to A) talk.
B) play baseball.
C) walk.
D) love the smell of her father's after shave.
Q4) You want to teach your dog to fetch the remote control for your TV.Why should you first use continuous reinforcement and then switch to partial reinforcement?
Q5) People often incorrectly confuse punishment with ____________________.
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Chapter 7: Human Memory
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Q1) Naomi is studying for her law exam.While she is studying,she is trying to think of as many examples as she can to illustrate key ideas.In this case,Naomi is using
A) an efficient study strategy, because examples should help her to recall key ideas.
B) an ineffective study strategy that will probably cause her to confuse many of the key ideas.
C) shallow processing that does not focus on the underlying meaning of the material she is reading.
D) the linking method, to create a more complete semantic network.
Q2) Even though Esmeralda was able to say all of her lines for the upcoming play without any errors in last night's rehearsal,her director insists that she run through them completely at least five additional times before opening night.In this case,the director is recommending that Esmeralda strengthen her memory of the lines using A) overlearning.
B) massed practice.
C) the link method.
D) the method of loci.
Q3) Describe how long-term memories are organized.
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Page 9
Chapter 8: Language and Thought
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Sample Questions
Q1) The 1950s brought a "cognitive revolution" in psychology because
A) some theorists recognized that an exclusive focus on observable behavior would yield an incomplete picture of human functioning.
B) it was finally recognized that cognition is a uniquely human capability.
C) introspection became more objective and reliable as a research tool.
D) behaviorists recognized that language could not be studied objectively.
Q2) The series of water-jug problems described in the text illustrates which barrier to effective problem solving?
A) mental set
B) unnecessary constraints
C) irrelevant information
D) functional fixedness
Q3) The availability heuristic implies that people will ____ the frequency of events that are easy to remember and ____ the frequency of events that are hard to remember.
A) overestimate; underestimate
B) underestimate; overestimate
C) overestimate; overestimate
D) underestimate; underestimate
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Chapter 9: Intelligence and Psychological Testing
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Sample Questions
Q1) In which of the following countries are IQ tests LEAST likely to be used?
A) China
B) Britain
C) France
D) Australia
Q2) Briefly define mental retardation,and discuss its various levels.
Q3) The Featured Study concerning racial stereotypes and test performance found that when students believed a test measured general verbal ability,the performance of African American students was
A) similar to the performance of white students.
B) significantly lower than the performance of white students.
C) significantly higher than the performance of white students.
D) significantly higher than the performance of female students.
Q4) The Binet-Simon scale of intelligence expressed a child's score in terms of
A) mental age.
B) a potential score.
C) a percentile score.
D) an intelligence quotient.
Q5) Theorists use the term ____________________ to refer to the genetically determined limits of intelligence and other traits.
Page 11
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Chapter 10: Motivation and Emotion
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Sample Questions
Q1) Drive theories emphasize how internal states pull people in certain directions,while incentive theories emphasize how external stimuli push people in certain directions.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The three components that any complete treatment of emotion should include are
A) cognitive, behavioral, physiological.
B) cognitive, situational, physiological.
C) social, situational, cognitive.
D) behavioral, physiological, social.
Q3) Research on happiness suggests that ____________________ realities are not as important as ____________________ feelings.
Q4) Vasocongestion (engorgement of blood vessels)occurs during the ____________________ phase of the human sexual response cycle
Q5) Research suggests that bad outcomes feel worse when they are unexpected,but that good outcomes feel better when they are unexpected.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Compare drive,incentive,and evolutionary approaches to understanding motivation.
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Chapter 11: Human Development Across the Life Span
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Sample Questions
Q1) A consensus is building that Kohlberg's theory led to a constricted focus on
A) the development of prosocial behavior.
B) the significance of moral emotions.
C) the emergence of conscience.
D) interpersonal conflicts.
Q2) Vygotsky emphasized how children's cognitive development is fueled by ____________________.
Q3) The assertion that fathers are essential for healthy adjustment of children is contradicted by evidence from
A) twin studies.
B) adoption studies.
C) studies of lesbian parents.
D) studies of step-children.
Q4) Which of the following is NOT a current trend regarding marriage?
A) an increase in the average age at first marriage
B) an increase in the percentage of couples who voluntarily remain childless
C) an increase in the number of single adults
D) a decrease in the percentage of couples who cohabit prior to marriage
Q5) Maternal ____________________ during the prenatal period has been linked to birth complications.
Page 13
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Chapter 12: Personality
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is one of the assumptions of the psychodynamic theories of personality that has NOT obtained considerable acceptance?
A) Unconscious forces can influence behavior.
B) Early childhood experiences can influence adult personality.
C) Sexual and aggressive impulses are the driving force of behavior.
D) Internal conflict can play a key role in generating psychological distress.
Q2) Vanessa bites her nails so badly that they bleed,but she can't seem to stop herself from doing this.According to Freud,Vanessa's nail biting may be evidence of fixation at the
A) oral stage of development.
B) phallic stage of development.
C) anal stage of development.
D) latency stage of development.
Q3) Asian and American conceptions of the self differ in that American parents foster a(n)____________________ view of self while Asian parents foster a more ____________________ view of self.
Q4) The NEO Personality Inventory is a measure of psychological pathology. A)True B)False
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Chapter 13: Social Behavior
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Sample Questions
Q1) The studies by Asch and by Milgram indicate that both conformity to group pressure and obedience to commands are reduced by
A) group cohesiveness.
B) group polarization.
C) the presence of a dissenter.
D) centralized communication.
Q2) A group of six college students observe a fellow student stumble and fall down a flight of stairs.No one goes to check to see if the student needs help.Which of the following statements BEST illustrates diffusion of responsibility?
A) "I didn't want to embarrass the student who fell by making a big deal about it"
B) "I was pretty far away when it happened"
C) "I don't know first aid"
D) "I thought someone else would go help"
Q3) Person perception refers to the process of A) forming impressions of others.
B) developing an implicit personality theory.
C) predicting the behavior of others.
D) monitoring the impressions you make on other people.
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Chapter 14: Stress,Coping,and Health
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Sample Questions
Q1) Recent studies have revealed an association between work-related pressure and __________.
A) migraine headaches
B) interpersonal conflict
C) heart disease
D) secondary appraisal
Q2) While Barb frequently talks to others about her emotions when in a stressful situation,her husband Mike actively tries to suppress his emotions and does not like to discuss the stress in his life.Most likely compared to Barb,Mike exhibits
A) increased immune functioning and decreased autonomic arousal
B) increased immune functioning and increased autonomic arousal
C) decreased blood pressure and decreased autonomic arousal
D) elevated blood pressure and increased autonomic arousal
Q3) The component of Type A personality associated with coronary heart disease appears to be
A) indecisiveness
B) hostility
C) time urgency
D) ambitiousness
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Page 16
Chapter 15: Psychological Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) Of the following,which is the MOST accurate statement regarding eating disorders?
A) Bulimia nervosa is a more life-threatening condition than anorexia nervosa.
B) Both bulimia nervosa and anorexia nervosa lead to death in 2-10% of patients.
C) Anorexia nervosa is a more life-threatening condition than bulimia nervosa.
D) While bulimia nervosa and anorexia nervosa are both serious conditions, neither is a life-threatening condition.
Q2) Dave washes his hands at least 50 times per day,even though his hands are rarely dirty.Dave's behavior is an example of
A) an obsession.
B) a phobia.
C) a compulsion.
D) a delusion.
Q3) Which of the following statements is MOST accurate concerning the onset of depression?
A) The symptoms tend to be most severe when the disorder has a late onset.
B) The peak age of onset is usually in early adulthood (age 20 through 29).
C) The onset of depression can occur at any point in the lifespan.
D) The peak age of onset is during middle or late adulthood (age 40 and on).
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Chapter 16: Treatment of Psychological Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) Summarize what one should look for in a prospective therapist and what one should expect out of therapy.
Q2) A classical conditioning-based behavior therapy designed to treat an individual suffering from a spider phobia is ____,while a classical conditioning-based behavior therapy designed to treat alcohol abuse is ____.
A) aversion therapy; systematic desensitization
B) systematic desensitization; aversion therapy
C) extinction; punishment
D) punishment; extinction
Q3) Largely unconscious defensive maneuvers intended to hinder the progress of therapy are referred to as A) transference.
B) frustration. C) resistance.
D) projection.
Q4) Identify the elements of therapeutic climate and discuss therapeutic process in Rogers's client-centered therapy.
Q5) Cognitive therapy emphasizes recognizing and changing negative thoughts and ____________________ beliefs.
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Chapter 17: Statistical Methods
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Sample Questions
Q1) The standard deviation
A) indicates the average difference between each score in a group and the mean for that group of scores.
B) reveals the degree of skew for a group of scores.
C) is sensitive to scores at the extremes of a distribution of scores.
D) is used to determine whether a data set is positively or negatively skewed.
Q2) The two major strengths of the empirical approach are
A) it reveals facts and truths.
B) there is a chance one will discover errors in thinking.
C) its precision and intolerance for error.
D) there is no chance one's conclusion will be wrong.
Q3) Which of the following correlations will yield the highest coefficient of determination?
A) -.70
B) -.40
C) .30
D) .50
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Chapter 18: Industrial organizational Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Standardized tests used during the selection process that are intended to predict respondents honesty are known as
A) job analysis
B) integrity tests
C) unstructured interviews
D) personality tests
Q2) Which of the following would not be representative of on-the-job training?
A) job rotation
B) a lecture on safety
C) mentoring
D) an apprenticeship
Q3) The primary professional organization for I/O psychologists is
A) APA
B) SIOP
C) APS
D) SRCD
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Chapter 19: Psychology and Environmental Sustainability: Conservation Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Katie never bothers to recycle her soft drink cans.She tells herself that she doesn't need to recycle because no one else does it.Katie appears to be demonstrating
A) identification.
B) comparative optimism.
C) the false consensus effect.
D) the imaginary audience.
Q2) Which of the following was advocated by B.F.Skinner as a tool to change human behavior so that it is more consistent with a healthy environment?
A) punish activities that lead to wasteful consumption of resources
B) reinforce activities that conserve resources
C) have children observe adults engaging in conservation activities
D) all of the above
Q3) As little as _________ in a natural setting can relieve attentional fatigue.
A) 20 minutes
B) 2 hours
C) 12 hours
D) 2 days
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