Foundations of Psychology Practice Questions
Course Introduction
Foundations of Psychology introduces students to the scientific study of human behavior and mental processes. The course covers major psychological theories, research methods, biological bases of behavior, learning, memory, sensation and perception, development, motivation, emotion, personality, psychological disorders, and social influences. Through lectures, discussions, and practical examples, students gain a deeper understanding of how individuals think, feel, and act, and how psychological principles can be applied to everyday life and various professional contexts.
Recommended Textbook Psychology From Inquiry to Understanding 2nd Australia Edition by Scott O. Lilienfeld
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17 Chapters
2610 Verified Questions
2610 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Science and Pseudoscience in Psychology
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127 Verified Questions
127 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In science, a scientific theory is defined as a(n)
A)educated opinion about the natural world.
B)explanation for a large number of findings in the natural world.
C)personal understanding of natural laws.
D)testable prediction about the natural world.
Answer: B
Q2) Initial reports in the media that listening to classical music made students more intelligent were followed by several failed attempts to reproduce the effects in the laboratories of other researchers. This is an example of the failure to
A)accurately communicate.
B)achieve parsimony.
C)correlate.
D)replicate.
Answer: D
Q3) Modern psychology is best considered to be a
A)collection of pieces of folk wisdom.
B)series of contradictions to be sorted out.
C)science.
D)therapeutic process.
Answer: C
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Chapter 2: Research Methods
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113 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A research design characterised by random assignment of participants to conditions and manipulation of an independent variable is called a(n)
A)case study.
B)naturalistic observation.
C)experiment.
D)survey.
Answer: C
Q2) ________ is the most important part of ensuring the generalisability of one's results to the general population.
Answer: Random selection
Q3) The peer review process is designed to
A)block alternative therapies from being made available to the general public.
B)identify flaws in a research study's methods, findings, and conclusions.
C)make researchers feel bad when their article is not published.
D)place obstacles in front of people whose theories differ from mainstream science.
Answer: B
Q4) According to the authors, many superstitious behaviours result from ________.
Answer: illusory correlation
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4
Chapter 3: Biological Psychology
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165 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The main excitatory neurotransmitter in the nervous system, which plays a role in the relay of sensory information and learning, is
A)glutamate.
B)gamma-aminobutyric acid.
C)acetylcholine.
D)serotonin.
Answer: A
Q2) Which of the following statements is true?
A)Action potentials can occur in a rapid-fire sort of process, with no break between them.
B)Action potentials either fire completely or they do not fire at all.
C)Action potentials travel from the axon terminal to the dendrite.
D)Action potentials will jump from node to node only on demyelinated axons.
Answer: B
Q3) One part of the peripheral nervous system, the ________, helps us with voluntary muscle control. Your ability to voluntarily write an answer to this question, for example, is dictated by this system!
Answer: somatic
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Chapter 4: Sensation and Perception
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141 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is the best example of the signal-to-noise ratio?
A)Lisa has to listen very carefully to hear her friend talking in the car.
B)Bobby is shouting at the neighbour's dog that is digging up his yard.
C)While listening to the television, Kate is also reading her textbook.
D)Robyn has to shout over the boisterous crowd at the football game to be heard.
Q2) The ________ is a small circular opening that allows light to enter the eye.
A)iris
B)cornea
C)pupil
D)retina
Q3) What neurotransmitter seems to be very highly present in many food products that have umami as their primary taste profile?
A)dopamine
B)acetylcholine
C)gamma-aminobutyric acid
D)glutamate
Q4) The wave frequency of a sound is what we refer to as its ________.
Q5) Describe the general process of how light enters the eye and is transmitted to the brain to be perceived.
Page 6
Q6) Explain why food tastes different when we have a cold versus when we do not.
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Chapter 5: Consciousness
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Sample Questions
Q1) Stage 5 sleep is often called paradoxical sleep because EEG patterns of people in stage 5 show
A)an abundance of K-complexes.
B)excessive sleep spindles.
C)brain waves similar to beta activity.
D)heightened brain activity.
Q2) Who is at most risk for causing an accident driving home?
A)Sven, who just flew into Hobart from Melbourne
B)Jess, who woke up early to take a final exam
C)Amy, who just left her job as a night nurse
D)Melissa, who has been taking antidepressants for three months
Q3) The textbook authors identified ________ as the most widely used and abused drug.
Q4) The thoughts, feelings, behaviours, and experiences that occur during age regression or past-life regression are
A)always traumatic.
B)often accurate.
C)based in fact.
D)educated guesses.
Q5) The most commonly reported sleep problem is ________.
Page 7
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Chapter 6: Learning
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167 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Kelsey just told her family a really funny joke that she made up herself. In order to use a primary reinforcer to encourage her joke-telling, Kelsey's dad might ________.
A)offer her money
B)applaud her appropriate behaviour
C)offer her praise for a job well done
D)offer her a piece of candy
Q2) Which of the following terms suggests that it is possible to condition all conditioned stimuli equally well to all unconditioned stimuli?
A)Stimulus generalisation
B)Shaping of successive approximations
C)Equipotentiality
D)Stimulus discrimination
Q3) Food and water are examples of ________ reinforcers.
Q4) Provide information in support of an argument that there is a biological basis for the phenomenon of observational learning.
Q5) In Watson's study involving "Little Albert", a ________ was the CS.
Q6) ________ suggested that aggression is learned by watching aggressive models.
Q7) In classical conditioning, the CR and the ________ are usually the same.
Page 8
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Chapter 7: Memory
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173 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) When Bethany attempts to determine if she merely imagined being lost in a department store as a child, or if she really was lost in a department store as a child, she is engaged in ________.
Q2) Although many students attend every class and take notes, they struggle to remember everything they need to know for an exam. Where does this breakdown in memory most likely occur?
A)Encoding
B)Storage
C)Retrieval
D)Blocking
Q3) Which of the following best illustrates retroactive interference?
A)Susie struggles to learn how to play the violin, after playing the guitar for many years.
B)Chet struggles to learn the names of the new players he added to his fantasy baseball roster.
C)Professor Jones struggles to learn the names of his new students after teaching for many years prior.
D)Coach Todd calls one of her old softball players the name of one of her new players.
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9
Chapter 8: Thinking, Reasoning and Language
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165 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) You are learning Russian in preparation for a trip next summer. Although you are doing a good job recognising the written signs you need to know, you are having trouble with the sounds of the Russian language. Which of the following aspects of language is giving you trouble?
A)Syntax
B)Phonemes
C)Morphemes
D)Audiograms
Q2) Because our snap judgements are probably "good bets", the tendency to use heuristics and intuition might be considered ________.
A)adaptive
B)a maladaptation
C)a failure of cognitive miserliness
D)too risky to use
Q3) Which of the following statements is true about language?
A)It is not symbolic.
B)It can be written, spoken, or signed.
C)It is incapable of an infinite set of meaningful utterances.
D)It has no set structure or rules that must be obeyed.
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Page 10
Chapter 9: Intelligence and Iq Testing
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158 Verified Questions
158 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Regarding the stability of IQ test scores throughout the life span, which is generally assumed to be true?
A)IQ scores in infancy are negatively correlated with IQ scores in adulthood.
B)IQ scores in infancy are not strongly correlated with IQ scores in adulthood.
C)IQ scores in infancy are strongly correlated with IQ scores in adulthood.
D)IQ scores obtained in infancy are relatively stable over time.
Q2) Based on IQ score information as described by Stern, a student with an IQ score of 120 is likely to answer IQ test questions like someone who is age ________, even though the student is only ________.
A)10; 12
B)12; 11
C)10; 8
D)12; 10
Q3) ________, a professor of psychology at Stanford University, revised the Binet-Simon scale and released it in a form that is still used today (in its fifth edition).
A)William Stern
B)Lewis Terman
C)Henri Simon
D)David Wechsler
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Page 11
Chapter 10: Human Development
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164 Verified Questions
164 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) ________ studies observe different individuals at different ages at a single point in time to track age differences.
A)Sectional
B)Cross-sequential
C)Sequential
D)Cross-sectional
Q2) According to Piaget, one's level of moral development is linked to one's level of
A)intelligence
B)social development
C)emotional development
D)cognitive development
Q3) ________ adulthood is a period during a person's late teens and early 20s in which they still depend on their parents for financial and emotional support.
A)Early
B)Emerging
C)Transitional
D)Adolescent
Q4) ________ is the start of menstruation.
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Chapter 11: Emotion and Motivation
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183 Verified Questions
183 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to research on intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, you would be most likely to say you enjoyed a task if you were told you would
A)be given $10 after getting the task done.
B)receive a certificate after finishing the task.
C)not be offered anything after completing the task.
D)receive $100 after finishing the task.
Q2) As Barney is driving down the road, he notices that his fuel gauge is nearing empty and decides to pull over and get some petrol. What theory of hunger is he simulating?
A)Glucostatic
B)Regulatory
C)Internal-external
D)Pancreatic
Q3) Which of the following theories states that emotions derive from our interpretations of our bodily reactions to stimuli?
A)James-Lange theory of emotion
B)Somatic marker theory
C)Cannon-Bard theory of emotion
D)Two-factor theory of emotion
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13
Chapter 12: Stress, Coping and Health
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to the ________ perspective, medical conditions (for example, AIDS)depend on the interaction of genes, lifestyle, immunity, social support, and self-perceptions.
A)psychophysiological
B)biopsychosocial
C)psychoneuroimmunology
D)psychological
Q2) Jerome was very anxious about his final exam in General Psychology. On the day of the exam, his heart rate was faster, his breathing was faster, and his hands were sweaty. As Jerome worked his way through the exam, he began to relax and focus on the questions. After the exam, Jerome went back to his dorm room and fell asleep. Jerome is in the ________ stage of Selye's GAS.
Q3) What is the term for the people and groups who can provide emotional comfort and personal and financial resources during times of need?
A)Friendship
B)Camaraderie
C)Peer counselling
D)Social support
Q4) Discuss the role of stress in coronary heart disease (CHD).
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Chapter 13: Social Psychology
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173 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) There are two alternative pathways to persuading others. One leads us to respond to persuasive arguments on the basis of snap judgements. This is known as the
A)central route
B)peripheral route
C)afferent route
D)efferent route
Q2) There are two alternative pathways to persuading others. One leads us to evaluate the merits of the persuasive arguments carefully and thoughtfully. This is known as the
A)central route
B)peripheral route
C)afferent route
D)efferent route
Q3) According to research, humans have a biological need for interpersonal interactions. This is called the ________.
A)need-for-friends theory
B)need-for-intimacy theory
C)need-for-interpersonal-interactions theory
D)need-to-belong theory
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Chapter 14: Cross-Cultural Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) The orientation that assumes basic psychological processes to be common across human species is ________.
A)relativism
B)universalism
C)absolutism
D)culturalism
Q2) The degree of cultural adaptation that a person experiences when moving from one culture to another may depend on their reason for moving. Refugees may have adaptation issues because of negative experiences in their lives that might not be experienced by voluntary migrants. Which of the following is a common experience of both migrants and refugees?
A)They had no choice in leaving their country.
B)They had no say in which country they would travel to.
C)They are likely to have been traumatised by war or civil dispute.
D)They are likely to have had to learn a new language and set of customs.
Q3) When psychologists assess human characteristics using standard instruments, and make interpretations without taking cultural differences into account, they are adopting the theoretical orientation of ________.
Q4) Culture helps us to ________ ourselves and interact with others.
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Chapter 15: Personality
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174 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The main conflict of the anal stage comes from ________.
A)the Oedipal complex
B)toilet training
C)sexual repression
D)weaning off the breast or bottle
Q2) The major force in personality psychology which asserted that people were free to choose either adaptive or self-defeating patterns was called ________.
Q3) According to the authors, persons who employ the assessment technique of graphology are often more influenced by the ________ than they are by the actual differences in people's writing styles.
A)availability heuristic
B)confirmation bias
C)hindsight bias
D)representativeness heuristic
Q4) The role of environmental contingencies in producing different personality patterns was a key idea of the ________ view.
Q5) The statistical tool of ________ is most important to the trait theory of personality.
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Chapter 16: Psychological Disorders
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Sample
Questions
Q1) Some researchers examining the cause of anxiety disorders have found that those with these conditions tend to evaluate ambiguous situations in a negative light. This research has focused on presenting ________ to those suffering from an anxiety disorder-such as "bury" and "berry" or "sword" and "soared"-to see how that individual interprets the word. Those with high levels of anxiety interpret these pairs in the more threatening manner.
A)morphemes
B)homophones
C)antonyms
D)syntactic dyads
Q2) According to Aaron Beck's cognitive model of depression, people with this condition focus on the negative cognitive triad, which sustains the depression. This triad includes all but WHICH of the following?
A)Negative views of one's past
B)Negative views of one's self
C)Negative views of one's future
D)Negative views of one's world
Q3) Contrast the demonic and moral treatment approaches of mental illness.
Q4) ________ involves an intense fear of being embarrassed or humiliated in public.
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Chapter 17: Psychological and Biological Treatments
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to your book, systematic desensitisation may fare no better than a placebo procedure designed to arouse an equivalent degree of ________ expectations.
A)positive
B)negative
C)neutral
D)melancholic
Q2) There is very little research examining the effectiveness of 12-step programmes that are patterned after the Alcoholics Anonymous model, and thus what research does exist is difficult to verify. For which critical-thinking concept is this a big problem?
A)Falsifiability
B)Extraordinary claims
C)Replicability
D)Occam's Razor
Q3) An important consideration before undergoing psychosurgery is that
A)the costs may be greater than the actual benefits received.
B)it was hailed as an important medical innovation back in the 1930s and 1940s.
C)it is now illegal to perform this treatment in the United States.
D)it is the least controversial of the biological forms of treatment.
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