Foundations of Psychology Practice Questions
Course Introduction
Foundations of Psychology introduces students to the scientific study of behavior and mental processes. The course covers core topics such as the history of psychology, research methods, biological bases of behavior, perception, learning, memory, cognition, development, personality, psychological disorders, and social behavior. Through a blend of theoretical concepts and real-world examples, students gain a broad understanding of human thought and behavior, providing a solid groundwork for further study in psychology and related fields.
Recommended Textbook
Personality Theory and Research 12th Edition by Daniel Cervone
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15 Chapters
1423 Verified Questions
1423 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Personality Theory: From Everyday Observations to Systematic Theories
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70 Verified Questions
70 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to the "toolkit" metaphor, the number and diversity of theories of personality is good for the field,
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) Conscious, rather than unconscious processes, strongly come into play when people
A) experience emotions.
B) have sexual desires.
C) contemplate important life decisions.
D) store information in memory.
Answer: C
Q3) Pinker's book The Blank Slate argues that A) the mind, at birth, is like a blank slate.
B) personality is primarily the product of social learning experiences.
C) personality is influenced primarily by parenting.
D) the mind is primarily a product of biological evolution.
Answer: D
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Page 3
Chapter 2: The Scientific Study of People
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87 Verified Questions
87 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In correlational research, the investigator seeks to establish a relationship between two or more variables that do not readily lend themselves to manipulation and control.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) Manipulating one variable and observing its effects on another variable is characteristic of A) clinical research.
B) experimental research.
C) correlational research.
D) none of the above.
Answer: B
Q3) Ethics of research involve questions of A) requirements of participation.
B) deception of subjects.
C) protection of subjects from harm.
D) all of the above.
Answer: D
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Page 4
Chapter 3: A Psychodynamic Theory: Freuds
Psychoanalytic Theory of Personality
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114 Verified Questions
114 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is an important component of the Freudian view of the person?
A) energy system.
B) pleasure principle.
C) both (a) and (b).
D) neither (a) nor (b).
Answer: C
Q2) Within the psychoanalytic system of personality and personality development, the transition from "Primary Process" thinking to "Secondary Process" thinking is parallel to A) development of the id and the superego.
B) the development of the ego and the superego.
C) the development of the id and the ego.
D) none of the above.
Answer: B
Q3) It is commonly accepted that stimuli not consciously perceived may still influence our thoughts.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Page 5
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Chapter 4: Freuds Psychodynamic Theory: Applications,
Related Theoretical Conceptions, and Contemporary Research
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124 Verified Questions
124 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Change occurs in psychoanalysis because
A) the conflict is now less intense than originally.
B) the analyst assumes a supportive attitude.
C) the ego of the patient has developed)
D) all of the above.
Q2) Narcissistic individuals respond to threats to their self-esteem with anger.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Two projective techniques are the Rorschach Inkblot Test and the Subliminal Psychodynamic Activation Test.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Experimental findings support clinical research suggesting that narcissists
A) are vulnerable to blows to their self-esteem.
B) respond to threats to grandiosity with anger.
C) both of the above.
D) neither of the above.
Page 6
Q5) The Rorschach stimulates fantasy through the presentation of scenes.
A)True
B)False
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Page 7
Chapter 5: A Phenomenological Theory: Carl Rogers
Person-Centered Theory of Personality
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117 Verified Questions
117 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Subception is the experiencing of the effects of a stimulus without being aware of it.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Parents of children with high self-esteem
A) set clearly defined limits which are enforced.
B) use punishments rather than awards for behaviors.
C) are autocratic.
D) don't compromise their methods of control.
Q3) For Rogers, the source of most concepts is (are)
A) novels.
B) experiments.
C) psychological tests.
D) therapy.
Q4) Which of the following was not true of Rogers?
A) emphasized change.
B) used few structural concepts.
C) emphasized the defensive processes present in the person.
D) emphasized self-report.
Q5) Discuss Rogers' views of the self, self processes, and their measurement.
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Chapter 6: A Phenomenological Theory - Applications and Evaluation of Rogers Theory
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131 Verified Questions
131 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to Rogers, experiences incongruent with the self structure are the basis for A) anxiety.
B) denial and distortion.
C) psychopathology.
D) all of the above.
Q2) Within the Rogerian framework, the neurotic person is a person
A) whose psychic energy is released indirectly through pathological behavior because direct expression of needs and drives would be too threatening to the self.
B) whose self-concept reflects nothing more than his organismic experience.
C) whose self-concept does not reflect accurately organismic experience.
D) both (a) and (b).
Q3) Which of the following is a strength of Rogers' theory?
A) recognizes integrated aspects of personality.
B) integrates humanism with science.
C) focuses on important areas of personality.
D) all of the above.
Q4) Discuss Rogers' view of psychotherapy, comparing it with the Freudian view.
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Chapter 7: Trait Approaches to Personality - Allport,
Eyesneck and Cattell
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107 Verified Questions
107 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Behaviors that appear to be similar but do not actually vary together are known as A) surface traits.
B) source traits.
C) temperament traits.
D) factors.
Q2) Which is a characteristic of trait theorists?
A) hierarchical organization of personality.
B) use of bivariate research.
C) emphasis on cross-situational variability.
D) emphasis on longitudinal variability.
Q3) Which type of data relates to behavior in laboratory situations?
A) L-data.
B) Q-data.
C) Ot-data.
D) N-data.
Q4) According to Cattell, L-data and Q-data factors should match one another.
A)True
B)False
Page 10
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Chapter 8: Trait Theory: the Five-Factor Model: Applications and Evaluation of the Trait Approach
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91 Verified Questions
91 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Critics of trait theory mostly focus on the problem of A) cross-situational consistency.
B) longitudinal consistency.
C) multivariate research.
D) hierarchical organization.
Q2) At an extreme end of a trait dimension, personality can be A) adaptive.
B) pathological.
C) both (a) and (b).
D) neither (a) nor (b).
Q3) Which of the following is not a pair?
A) Eysenck - EPI, EPQ.
B) Cattell - 16PF.
C) Five-factor model - NEO-PI.
D) all of the above are pairs.
Q4) The discovery of the basic structure of personality through the factor analysis of ratings is comparable to the methods used in physics and chemistry.
A)True
B)False
11
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Chapter 9: Biological Foundations of Personality
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124 Verified Questions
124 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) It is suggested that degree of parental investment in offspring is correlated with the proportion of genes passed on to each offspring.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Genes influence
A) personality.
B) environment.
C) both a and b.
D) neither a nor b.
Q3) The data suggest a clear relationship between genetic similarity and personality similarity.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Greater right hemispheric activity is associated with A) greater negative affect.
B) greater separation distress in children.
C) both a and b.
D) neither a nor b.
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Chapter 10: Behaviorism and the Learning Approaches to Personality
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86 Verified Questions
86 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to the behavioral view, psychopathology involves learned problematic behaviors that can be unlearned.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Successive approximations provide an explanation for the development of complex behaviors.
A)True
B)False
Q3) A distinguishing feature of behavioral assessment is an emphasis on
A) specific responses in general situations.
B) specific responses in specific situations.
C) general responses in specific situations.
D) general responses in general situations.
Q4) The repeated presentation of a bell with electric shock will lead to the bell becoming
A) a CS.
B) an US.
C) a CR.
D) an UR.
Page 13
Q5) Explain why Skinner argued against the idea that people have free will.
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Chapter 11: A Cognitive Theory of Personality: George a Kellys
Personal Construct Theory of Personality
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76 Verified Questions
76 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) For Kelly, anxiety is
A) the result of internal threat.
B) the result of invalidated constructs.
C) the result of not having constructs for a situation.
D) all of the above.
Q2) Studies of cognitive complexity have suggested that
A) subjects high in cognitive complexity try to make use of inconsistent information in forming an impression.
B) subjects low in cognitive complexity try to make use of inconsistent information in forming an impression.
C) subjects high in cognitive complexity try to form a univalent impression of the person.
D) subjects low in cognitive complexity are unable to form a univalent impression of the person.
Q3) According to Kelly, people are different in their constructs but follow the same principles of construct system functioning.
A)True
B)False
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Page 14
Chapter 12: Social Cognitive Theory: Bandura and Mischel
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87 Verified Questions
87 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Self-efficacy beliefs most influence
A) patterns of thought.
B) motivation.
C) performance.
D) all of the above.
Q2) A major theme is Bandura's work is that people
A) can learn merely by observation.
B) have the capacity to self-regulate their actions and experiences.
C) contribute agentically to their own development.
D) all of the above.
E) none of the above.
Q3) The text notes that a defining characteristic of persons involves persons'
A) language and reasoning abilities.
B) capacity for self-reflection.
C) capacity to think about the future.
D) all of the above.
E) none of the above.
Q4) Social cognitive theory emphasizes stages of cognitive development.
A)True
B)False
Page 15
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Chapter 13: Social-Cognitive Theory: Extensions,
Applications, and Evaluation
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91 Verified Questions
91 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The work of Markus may be seen as most relevant to that of
A) Rogers and Freud.
B) Kelly and Freud.
C) Mischel and Allport.
D) Rogers and Kelly.
Q2) Dweck's research on learning and performance goals employed a _____ research procedure.
A) think-aloud
B) case study
C) reaction time
D) all of the above
Q3) Which of the following is a coping mechanism described by Lazarus?
A) problem-focused coping.
B) emotion-focused coping.
C) both (a) and (b).
D) neither (a) nor (b).
Q4) Research by Flett and colleagues indicates that perfectionism is associated with depression.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 14: Personality in Context: Interpersonal Relations,
Culture, and Development Across the Course of Life
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69 Verified Questions
69 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The quote from Clifford Geertz suggests that
A) personality influences culture.
B) culture influences personality.
C) culture is unimportant to personality.
D) there is no such thing as human nature without culture.
Q2) Transference can be studied in the lab.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Suppose you were designing an intervention to promote environmental conservation. What would you do (applying the principles discussed in Chapter 14)?
Q4) Research by Ayduk et al. demonstrates that people can control their emotions regarding interpersonal relationships by
A) focusing on hot aspects of the relationship.
B) focusing on cool aspects of the relationship.
C) focusing on their level of rejection sensitivity.
D) focusing on their internal feelings of anger.
Q5) Defensive pessimists obtain poor grades in school.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 15: An Overview of Personality Theory, Assessment, and Research
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49 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Media modeling to reduce HIV/AIDs
A) has not been attempted.
B) has been highly successful.
C) has been a disappointing failure.
D) illustrates the applied value of trait theory.
Q2) Which of the following had the least to say about psychopathology?
A) Allport.
B) Eysenck.
C) Kelly.
D) Bandura.
Q3) The social cognitive emphasis on the potential for change can be contrasted with A) Rogers' theory.
B) trait theory.
C) both (a) and (b).
D) neither (a) nor (b).
Q4) Compare and contrast three of the theorists covered in the text in relation to their theories of motivation and personality change.
Q5) Most personality theories contain an implicit view of human nature. A)True
B)False
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