Foundations of Psychology Practice Exam
Course Introduction
Foundations of Psychology introduces students to the scientific study of human behavior and mental processes. This course surveys the core concepts, theories, and research methods that define psychology as a discipline, including biological bases of behavior, perception, learning, memory, motivation, emotion, development, personality, psychological disorders, and social interactions. Emphasis is placed on understanding the application of psychological principles to individual and societal issues, as well as developing critical thinking skills in evaluating psychological research and its relevance to everyday life.
Recommended Textbook
Discovering Psychology The Science of Mind 3rd Edition by John T. Cacioppo
Available Study Resources on Quizplus
16 Chapters
1942 Verified Questions
1942 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/study-set/2332
Page 2
Chapter 1: The Science of Mind the Discipline of Psychology
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
117 Verified Questions
117 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/46343
Sample Questions
Q1) A doctor notices that many soldiers returning from fighting in the trenches in World War I are highly anxious,fearful of loud noises,and having difficulty reconnecting with their families.He asks them to record personal observations of their own thoughts,feelings,and behaviors in a journal.This process is called ____.
A)extroversion
B)transference
C)objectivism
D)introspection
Answer: D
Q2) An approach to psychology that sees people as inherently good and motivated to learn and improve is called ____.
A)behaviorism
B)humanistic psychology
C)Freudian psychology
D)Gestalt psychology
Answer: B
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 3
Chapter 2: The Measure of Mind Methods of Psychology
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
121 Verified Questions
121 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/46344
Sample Questions
Q1) What is an experimental design for assessing age-related changes in which data are obtained simultaneously from people of differing ages?
A)Longitudinal study
B)Mixed longitudinal study
C)Cross-sectional study
D)Correlational study
Answer: C
Q2) A measure is a method for describing a variable's ____.
A)quantity
B)reliability
C)fluctuation
D)deviation
Answer: A
Q3) A measure of how tightly clustered a group of scores is around their mean is called the ____.
A)variability
B)mode
C)standard deviation
D)frequency
Answer: C
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 4
Chapter 3: The Evolving Mind Nature and Nurture
Intertwined
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
109 Verified Questions
109 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/46345
Sample Questions
Q1) Which scenario best illustrates the concept of natural selection?
A)The gene for sickle cell anemia has been passed down for generations because those with sickle cell anemia are typically resistant to malaria.
B)Farmers typically breed only their strongest animals to ensure that the offspring will retain the most desirable characteristics.
C)The gene for brown eyes is dominant;therefore,the most common eye color in the world is brown.
D)As identical twins age,they typically show more physical differences because of epigenetic processes.
Answer: A
Q2) Dr.Mahr is studying the heritability of shyness.Because her research participants are adolescents from different socio-economic groups across the county,the heritability of self-confidence will appear to be ____.
A)low
B)high
C)variable
D)constant
Answer: A
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 5
Chapter 4: The Biological Mind the Physical Basis of Behavior
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
139 Verified Questions
139 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/46346
Sample Questions
Q1) Elsie,an 85-year-old woman,has been diagnosed with early-stage Alzheimer's disease.Her doctor has prescribed the medication that will help prevent deterioration of brain circuits and slow the progression of her illness.Which neurotransmitter does this medication directly impact?
A)GABA
B)Epinephrine
C)Glutamate
D)Acetylcholine
Q2) Which is an accurate statement regarding the generation of an action potential?
A)If a neuron becomes hyperpolarized to the threshold level,an action potential is inevitable.
B)Small hyperpolarizations lead to small action potentials and large hyperpolarizations lead to large action potentials.
C)If a neuron becomes depolarized to the threshold level,an action potential is inevitable.
D)Small depolarizations lead to small action potentials and large depolarizations lead to large action potentials.
Q3) Compare and contrast the function and source of neurotransmitters and hormones.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 6
Chapter 5: The Perceiving Mind Sensation and Perception
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
127 Verified Questions
127 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/46347
Sample Questions
Q1) What is true of light detection across species?
A)For all known species,the eye has evolved to see only visible light.
B)Visible,infrared,and ultraviolet rays are detected by most species,including humans.
C)Humans can see visible,ultraviolet,and infrared light;many nonmammalian species,such as insects and snakes,can see only in the visible light range.
D)Some insects can see in the ultraviolet range and snakes can see in the infrared range,but humans can only detect "visible" light.
Q2) The smallest amount of stimulus that can be detected at least 50% of the time is known as the ________ threshold.
A)difference
B)fixed
C)absolute
D)distinct
Q3) Describe an example of the two-step process involved in signal detection.Include hit,miss,false alarm,and correct rejection in your example.
Q4) Describe how sound waves are transmitted from the outer ear to the auditory nerve.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Page 7
Chapter 6: The Aware Mind Elements of Consciousness
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
115 Verified Questions
115 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/46348
Sample Questions
Q1) Darius suffers from insomnia;his family practitioner prescribes zolpidem to treat his insomnia.What can Darius expect from the medication?
A)He can expect to fall asleep 15 minutes faster and stay asleep 30 minutes longer.
B)He can expect to fall asleep 30 minutes faster and stay asleep 45 minutes longer.
C)He can expect to fall asleep 45 minutes faster and stay asleep 60 minutes longer.
D)He can expect to fall asleep 60 minutes faster and stay asleep 75 minutes longer.
Q2) Consuela stands in front of her American History class to give a presentation.She suddenly loses consciousness and suffers a "sleep attack" referred to as ____.
A)dyspnea
B)cataplexy
C)ataxia
D)narcolepsy
Q3) Describe the following disorders and list the causes and/or predisposing factors for each: night terrors,onset insomnia,maintenance insomnia,narcolepsy,and cataplexy.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
8
Chapter 7: The Feeling Mind Emotion and Motivation
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
113 Verified Questions
113 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/46349
Sample Questions
Q1) Ahn is participating in a research study assessing the impact of brain damage on emotion recognition.She is asked to scan through a series of images and decipher the facial expressions of several individuals.Ahn performs well on the task but is consistently unable to recognize the expression of disgust.Ahn most likely suffered damage to which area of her brain?
A)Basal ganglia
B)Amygdala
C)Cingulate cortex
D)Insula
Q2) Which of the following is the best statement of the distinction between a mood and an emotion?
A)A mood is a positive state,while an emotion is a negative state.
B)A mood stimulates motivation,while an emotion does not.
C)A mood is a more general state than an emotion.
D)An emotion involves physical changes,while a mood does not.
Q3) How does motivation offer a survival advantage?
A)It dictates the formation of social bonds.
B)It stimulates competition and ingenuity.
C)It fosters ambition and perseverance.
D)It prevents the waste of precious energy resources.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 9
Chapter 8: The Adaptive Mind Learning
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
121 Verified Questions
121 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/46350
Sample Questions
Q1) A schedule of reinforcement in which reinforcement occurs after a set number of behaviors is called a ____ schedule.
A)fixed interval
B)concrete interval
C)fixed ratio
D)concrete ratio
Q2) Which of the following is an example of nonassociative learning?
A)Andrea recently learned how to drive a car.At first she found merging into highway traffic very stressful,but now can do it with ease.
B)As a child,Maxwell had a frightening experience with his neighbor's large dog.He now fears all large dogs.
C)Hoping to understand more about her parent's culture,Parvati carefully watches as her grandmother prepares a traditional South Indian meal.
D)Gabriel tells his 4-year-old daughter each night: "No dessert until you eat your dinner without complaining." To get the dessert,his daughter obeys.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
10
Chapter 9: The Knowing Mind Memory
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
117 Verified Questions
117 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/46351
Sample Questions
Q1) Memory aids that link new information to well-known information are called ____.
A)mnemonics
B)elaborative rehearsal
C)chunks
D)recitations
Q2) The reduction in ability to retrieve rarely used information over time is called ____.
A)forgetting
B)decay
C)motivated forgetting
D)interference
Q3) Semantic or episodic memories that reference the self are called ____ memories.
A)autobiographical
B)procedural
C)self-reflective
D)nondeclarative
Q4) Discuss the benefits and hindrances of motivated forgetting and recall of repressed memories.
Q5) What is interference and what role does it play in the formation of memories? Discuss examples of memory loss due to interference.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 11
Chapter 10: The Thinking Mind Thinking, Language, and Intelligence
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
117 Verified Questions
117 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/46352
Sample Questions
Q1) A measure of an individual's overall intelligence as opposed to specific abilities is called ____ intelligence.
A)fluid
B)crystallized
C)complex
D)general
Q2) Which of the following is true?
A)Exemplars provide a better way of thinking about the variability of a category than prototypes.
B)Even when an exemplar is well understood,evidence suggests that prototypes might work better.
C)The processes in which prototypes and exemplars are used are very different.
D)In both exemplars and prototypes,dissimilar objects will be included in a concept and similar objects will be excluded.
Q3) Socioeconomic status ____.
A)bears a causal relationship with IQ
B)is positively correlated with IQ
C)is negatively correlated with IQ
D)bears no apparent relationship with IQ
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 12
Chapter 11: The Developing Mind Life Span Development
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
127 Verified Questions
127 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/46353
Sample Questions
Q1) A 40-year-old woman has a greater probability of giving birth to a child with Down syndrome than a 25-year-old woman.This is because the 40-year-old woman is more likely to ___________.
A)produce a flawed egg due to body aging,leading to chromosomal abnormalities
B)have eggs that suffer genetic mutations,leading to recessive illnesses
C)experience more exposure to harmful environmental influences,leading to faulty cell division
D)fail to produce eggs rapidly enough,leading to eggs that are not fully developed at the time of ovulation
Q2) Warren is 80 years old and has just married a 30-year-old woman.She would like to have children.As compared to a 25-year-old man,Warren's fertility is about ____.
A)10%
B)25%
C)50%
D)100%
Q3) Define adolescence and puberty.What is the endpoint of adolescence? Discuss why adolescence seems to be starting earlier and ending later than in the past.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Page 13
Chapter 12: The Individual Mind Personality and the Self
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
123 Verified Questions
123 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/46354
Sample Questions
Q1) Psychologists have identified five main personality traits,often called the "Big Five" or the five-trait model.Think about the "Big Five" personality traits we studied in class.Then select a real or fictional character from literature,film,television,or public life.How could the "Big Five" model be used to understand the character's personality?
In a multiparagraph essay,explain what is meant by a "personality trait" according to the "Big Five" model,define each of the "Big Five" traits,and describe the character's personality using the "Big Five" traits.For each trait,be sure to provide evidence from the character's thoughts,emotions,and behavior.Include details from class materials,readings,and research on personality to support your discussion.
Q2) People who differ in neuroticism show different volumes of areas of the prefrontal cortex,anterior cingulate cortex,and hippocampus,areas that have been implicated in ____.
A)planning and achievement of goals
B)voluntary control of behavior
C)sensitivity to threat and stress
D)executive functions
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 14
Chapter 13: The Connected Mind Social Psychology
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
124 Verified Questions
124 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/46355
Sample Questions
Q1) Cross-cultural data show that homicide rates are often high in cultures that ____.
A)reward children for aggression toward each other
B)feature loving socialization of children and aversion to interpersonal conflict
C)ignore interpersonal conflict among children
D)explicitly teach children to fight
Q2) Mrs.Martin,a physics teacher,is also the advisor to the high-school chess team.She sees that a new student,Mariah,has beaten their top player,David.She wonders whether David let Mariah win because she is so attractive.This is an example of maintaining a stereotype through ____.
A)viewing Mariah as an exception
B)dispositional attribution
C)correspondence bias
D)situational attribution
Q3) What is the definition of conformity?
A)Agreement with a request from a person with no perceived authority
B)Unwritten or unspoken rules for behavior in social settings
C)Matching behavior and appearance to perceived social norms
D)Compliance with a request from an authority figure
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 15
Chapter 14: The Troubled Mind Psychological Disorders
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
124 Verified Questions
124 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/46356
Sample Questions
Q1) Aishah,a resident of lower Manhattan,suffers from PTSD after witnessing the attack on the twin towers of the World Trade Center on September 11,2001.A certain acrid burning smell can trigger intense feelings of jitteriness and distress for her.This is an example of
A)positive reinforcement
B)operant conditioning
C)classical conditioning
D)observational learning
Q2) Corporate psychopaths score very high on measures of selfishness,callousness,and
A)impulsiveness and poor self-control
B)the remorseless use of others
C)social deviance
D)patterns of instability
Q3) Mania,unlike many other disorders,actually ____.
A)increases the ability to listen quietly to another
B)reduces a sense of self-importance
C)reduces risk-taking behavior
D)increases productive,goal-directed behavior
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Page 16
Chapter 15: Healing the Troubled Mind Therapy
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
124 Verified Questions
124 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/46357
Sample Questions
Q1) Michelle is adamant about not wanting to take medication to treat her depression.Michelle's therapist recommends an alternative approach that is thought to be just as effective as medication.What does her therapist recommend?
A)A high-protein diet
B)Regular aerobic exercise
C)Herbal supplements
D)Light therapy
Q2) Diane is trying to decide between pursuing a Ph.D.or Psy.D.degree in psychology.As her friend,you tell Diane that a major critique of the Psy.D.degree is that it ____.
A)focuses on the medical etiology of psychological disorders
B)concentrates on research and not on the practical applications of psychology
C)centers on the use of alternative,nonmainstream treatment approaches
D)lacks an emphasis on research and the scientific evaluation of data
Q3) SSRIs alleviate symptoms of depression by increasing the ____.
A)level of serotonin at the synapse
B)number of serotonin receptors at the synapse
C)synthesis of serotonin
D)frequency at which serotonin is released from synaptic vesicles
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 17
Chapter 16: The Healthy Mind Stress and Coping, Health
Psychology, and Positive Psychology
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
124 Verified Questions
124 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/46358
Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is an example of increasing happiness through living a "good life"?
A)Chris,whose favorite hobby is tasting different beers from U.S.microbreweries
B)Melanie,who has participated as a volunteer in the Big Sister program in her city for 7 years
C)Linda,whose favorite way to spend a relaxing evening is knitting while watching TV
D)Jackson,who retired from teaching early,began working as a certified nursing assistant at the county mental health institution,and,being a talented guitarist,spent nights and weekends playing in an 80s rock review band.
Q2) What does the text suggest would be a fruitful area of emphasis when viewing schools as positive institutions in their communities?
A)Leadership issues in the school system
B)Teacher satisfaction with the school system
C)Student satisfaction with the school system
D)Levels and types of problem behaviors in the school system
Q3) Discuss three types of coping.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Page 18