Foundations of Psychology Mock
Exam
Course Introduction
Foundations of Psychology introduces students to the scientific study of human behavior and mental processes, exploring fundamental concepts, theories, and research methods that underpin the discipline. Topics include the biological bases of behavior, sensation and perception, learning, memory, development, motivation, emotion, personality, psychological disorders, and social interactions. The course emphasizes critical thinking and application of psychological principles to real-world situations, providing a solid basis for further study in psychology and related fields.
Recommended Textbook
The Science of Psychology An Appreciative View 2nd Edition by Laura A. King
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Science of Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) During a therapy session, Mrs. Brown has been asked to discuss her emotions in regards to objects in her dreams. Mrs. Brown and her therapist are delving into the ________ mind.
A) objective
B) universal
C) natural
D) unconscious
Answer: D
Q2) Humanists believe that people can change their own fates through conscious decisions.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) According to the discipline of psychology, which of the following is a mental process?
A) swimming
B) feeling proud
C) crying
D) reading out loud
Answer: B
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Chapter 2: Psychologys Scientific Method
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Sample Questions
Q1) If Professor Jung wants to be able to draw cause and effect conclusions from her research, which of the following is the most crucial aspect of her experimental design?
A) hypothesis formulation
B) random assignment
C) data recording
D) control group size
Answer: B
Q2) Given the following data set, calculate the mean and discuss why the mean is, or is not, the best measure of central tendency. 12, 16, 11, 2, 44, 15
Answer: Mean=16.7, for this particular data set. The mean would NOT be a very effective choice because of the two extreme scores.
Q3) In a formal experiment, which group is the experimental group?
A) group that is subjected to manipulation of the independent variable
B) randomly assigned group
C) group that is not subjected to manipulation of the independent variable
D) group that is representative of the general population
Answer: A
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4
Chapter 3: Biological Foundations of Behavior
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Sample Questions
Q1) Emma just received word that her grandfather's stroke did damage to his substantia nigra. She should expect that he will
A) start to have tremors.
B) begin to forget names.
C) have difficulty seeing.
D) have some speech impediments.
Answer: A
Q2) The technique of selective breeding
A) was developed by Charles Darwin.
B) is used extensively in human twin studies.
C) is the focus of behavior genetics.
D) is used to demonstrate how genes influence behavior.
Answer: D
Q3) Theus is about to take the Bar Exam. Which lobe of the brain will he be relying on most to do well?
A) frontal
B) occipital
C) temporal
D) parietal
Answer: A
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Chapter 4: Sensation and Perception
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Q1) As Rena gets out of the shower, she thinks, but is not certain that she hears a car outside. What perceptual process is she experiencing?
A) absolute threshold
B) just noticeable difference
C) partial deafness
D) signal-to-noise ratio
Q2) The simultaneous distribution of sensory information across different neural pathways is referred to as
A) binding.
B) bottom up processing.
C) transduction.
D) parallel processing.
Q3) The ________ theory of perception proposes that detection of stimuli depends on a variety of factors including, but not limited to, physical intensity of the stimulus, fatigue of the observer, and expectancy.
A) opponent process
B) multiple perceptual context
C) signal detection
D) Weber's
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Page 6
Chapter 5: States of Conciousness
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Sample Questions
Q1) The ________ view describes hypnosis as a normal state in which the hypnotized person behaves the way he or she believes a hypnotized person should behave.
A) social cognitive behavior
B) divided consciousness
C) psychodynamic
D) hidden observer
Q2) Melinda has two children. Her 10-year-old Emma awakens during a bad dream. After a minute, she gets up and goes to Melinda's room, saying, "Mommy? Are you up?" Melinda wakes up and asks her why she is up during the night. Emma says, "Mommy, I dreamed that a monster was chasing me." Seeing that Emma is a little perturbed, Melinda talks to her for a few minutes, then gets her some warm milk and tucks her back into bed. An hour later, Emma's younger sister Katie, who is 3 years old, awakens screaming. Melinda runs to her room and checks her over. She does not seem to be in pain, feverish, or sick. She asks Katie what is the matter. Katie cries, "Mama, I'm scared!" Melinda asks her why. Katie frowns, puzzled, and shakes her head, "I dunno." Melinda asks, "Did you have a bad dream?" Katie answers, "I don't 'member, Mama, did I?" What are the terms used to describe each sister's experience? Compare and contrast these experiences.
Q3) Describe circadian rhythms and their main functions.
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Page 7
Chapter 6: Learning
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Sample Questions
Q1) John is taking an agent that causes nausea every time he smokes a cigarette. This is a form of
A) operant conditioning.
B) counterconditioning.
C) aversive conditioning.
D) discrimination.
Q2) Four-month-old Simon quickly learns that he will be picked up if he cries. From a behaviorist perspective, picking up Simon whenever he cries is a ________ for the baby.
A) positive reinforcer
B) negative reinforcer
C) positive punisher
D) negative punisher
Q3) How might you research the connection between dopamine and operant conditioning if you had some human volunteers who gave informed consent and were found to have lowered levels of this neurotransmitter? What things might you try in an experiment?
Q4) Define the term "mindset" and distinguish between a fixed mindset and a growth mindset. Which would you prefer to have and why?
Q5) Contrast latent learning and insight learning.
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Chapter 7: Memory
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Sample
Questions
Q1) In the Chowchilla, California kidnapping case, school children were kidnapped at gunpoint and buried for 16 hours before escaping. Several years after the event, a child psychiatrist interviewed the children. She reported that
A) virtually all of the children remembered the exact details of the chilling episode.
B) fewer than half of the children remembered any of the details of the chilling episode.
C) half of the children had notable errors and distortions in their memories of the episode.
D) most children had notable errors and distortions in their memories of the episode.
Q2) You and your roommate are both taking Spanish this semester. You are getting an "A" in the course but your roommate is getting a "C." According to research by Harry Bahrick, fifty years from now
A) you will remember your Spanish vocabulary better than your roommate.
B) neither you nor your roommate will remember any Spanish words at all.
C) your roommate will remember more Spanish vocabulary than you will.
D) you and your roommate will both remember a few Spanish words.
Q3) Use the principles of encoding to explain the serial position effect.
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Chapter 8: Thinking, Intelligence, and Language
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Sample Questions
Q1) Gifted children are
A) highly intelligent.
B) socially maladjusted.
C) superior or talented.
D) Both A and C are correct.
Q2) Who is demonstrating functional fixedness?
A) Melissa uses her iPod headphones to listen to a CD on her computer.
B) Cindy puts her jacket on a coat hanger.
C) Roberto uses his baseball glove to play catch.
D) Albert cannot find another use for his leftover shingles.
Q3) You tell your roommate, "I misplaced my wallet." Your roommate exclaims, "Oh my goodness, you lost your wallet?" You respond, "No, I didn't lose my wallet, I misplaced it." This exchange best demonstrates the ________ aspect of language.
A) morphological
B) semantic
C) pragmatic
D) grammatical
Q4) Giftedness is indicated by an IQ score higher than 120.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 9: Human Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) Your child has entered the stage Piaget called preoperational. Which of these do you now expect your child to be able to do?
A) perform mental operations
B) represent the world with words and images
C) reverse mental operations
D) give logical reasons for knowing something
Q2) Dr. Mason's main research interest is the long term effects of child-rearing practices on the psychological adjustment of offspring. It is most likely that Dr. Mason is a ________ psychologist.
A) cognitive B) developmental C) biological
D) psychodynamic
Q3) Behavior that helps others is called prosocial behavior.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Biculturalism is a challenge for those trying to establish an ethnic identity. A)True
B)False
Page 11
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Chapter 10: Motivation and Emotion
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Sample Questions
Q1) The sociocultural standards that determine when, where, and how emotions should be expressed are called
A) cultural expressions.
B) display rules.
C) expression standards.
D) expressive rules.
Q2) Leptin and cholecystokinin (CCK) are similar in that they are both related to
A) feelings of satiety.
B) low blood sugar.
C) high insulin levels.
D) feelings of hunger.
Q3) Which of the following is the best definition of the hedonic treadmill?
A) experiencing increased psychological well-being after a positive event
B) adapting rapidly to an event that initially caused great happiness
C) reacting negatively to an event that should cause significant happiness
D) experiencing a negative event shortly after experiencing a positive event
Q4) Discuss whether or not the polygraph test should be used to hire or fire employees.
Q5) Describe the characteristics of someone with BED.
Q6) Discuss the psychological factors that contribute to obesity.
Page 12
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Chapter 11: Gender, Sex, and Sexuality
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Sample Questions
Q1) ________ are glands that produce sex hormones and generate ova in females and sperm in males.
A) Gametes
B) Chromosomes
C) Gonads
D) Genes
Q2) Define the terms "sex" and "gender" and explain how these two concepts differ.
Q3) Homosexuality is present in all cultures.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Gina suffered damaged to her gonads. As a result, she may no longer produce
A) androgens.
B) ova.
C) chromosomes.
D) melatonin.
Q5) HIV is an example of an STI.
A)True
B)False
Q6) According to social role theory, how should the increase in male nurses affect gender differences in the future?
Page 13
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Chapter 12: Personality
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following concepts is associated with Albert Bandura?
A) conditions of worth
B) observational learning
C) reinforcement sensitivity
D) reticular activation
Q2) According to Alfred Adler, people are primarily motivated by A) their desires to seek pleasure and avoid pain.
B) factors of which they are not consciously aware.
C) sexual and aggressive instincts.
D) their desire to overcome perceived shortcomings.
Q3) According to Jung, the collective unconscious is expressed through A) self-actualization.
B) the id.
C) positive regard.
D) archetypes.
Q4) Which of the following is a defense mechanism?
A) castration anxiety
B) Oedipus complex
C) fixation
D) reaction formation
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Chapter 13: Social Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) In order to improve interactions among students from different ethnic backgrounds, a teacher would be best advised to use
A) a reward structure based on race.
B) competition among students.
C) group polarization.
D) the jigsaw classroom.
Q2) In a recent softball game, Cindy misplayed a ground ball for an error. Later in the same game, she made a great catch on a very difficult play. According to the self-serving bias, she would attribute her error to ________ and her good catch to
A) bad fielding skills; luck
B) bad fielding skills; good fielding skills
C) a bad bounce; luck
D) a bad bounce; good fielding skills
Q3) Which of the following is of interest to those who study social cognition?
A) how people select social information
B) how people interpret social information
C) how people remember social information
D) All of these.
Q4) Discuss the relationship between gender and altruism.
Page 15
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Chapter 14: Industrial and Organizational Psychology
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Q1) How does Wrzesniewski describe the quality of the "calling" work orientation?
A) It is highly dependent upon the context in which one works.
B) It is a "portable" resource that one can take from one job to another.
C) It is an orientation which leads individuals to find themselves the best job match.
D) It is predictive of lower pay since pay is not the primary motivation here.
Q2) Companies are often forced to downsize by laying off workers. What does research show with regards to organizational culture and profitability after downsizing?
A) The company regains its profitability within two years but loses employee loyality.
B) The company regains its profitability within five years and rehires many employees who were laid off.
C) Downsizing has high emotional and financial costs for employees but it is the only way companies can become profitable again
D) Downsizing has high emotional and financial costs for employees and it often does not lead to company profitability.
Q3) What is organizational culture and what are the elements of a positive organizational culture?
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Page 16
Chapter 15: Psychological Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) What differentiates people with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) from those who do not have OCD, but may have some tendencies related to OCD?
A) the amount of distress caused by the thoughts
B) the presence of agoraphobia
C) past sexual abuse
D) the subject of their negative thoughts
Q2) What kind of thinking involves ascribing personal meaning to completely random events?
A) splitting
B) paranoia
C) referential
D) deductive
Q3) Describe the biological approach to psychological disorders.
Q4) Ethnicity and cultural heritage are factors that should be taken into consideration when diagnosing psychological disorders.
A)True
B)False
Q5) What are the major criticisms associated with the DSM-IV?
Q6) Describe the three defining elements of abnormal behavior.
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Chapter 16: Therapies
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Sample Questions
Q1) Transference is useful in the therapeutic situation because it
A) provides an opportunity to re-create difficult relationships.
B) redirects anxiety.
C) stimulates the release of powerful emotion.
D) stimulates resistance.
Q2) When compared to psychoanalysts from the past, contemporary psychoanalysts place less emphasis on
A) conscious thoughts.
B) current relationships.
C) sex.
D) early childhood experiences.
Q3) Which of these individuals would be a candidate for cognitive restructuring?
A) Abby says she cannot participate in cheerleading unless she gets her grades up.
B) Nelson says he will never fall in love again after his girlfriend broke up with him.
C) Cliff says if he fails one more test in Algebra he will fail the class.
D) Jennifer says she is not going to eat fast food anymore after getting food poisoning.
Q4) Describe the benefits and drawbacks associated with electroconvulsive therapy.
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18
Chapter 17: Health Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Describe three common methods used to quit an addictive habit like smoking.
Q2) Who is NOT engaged in what psychologists refer to as health behaviors?
A) Mary is eating an apple.
B) Jim is studying his history notes.
C) Alice is walking with a friend.
D) Little Melanie is brushing her teeth.
Q3) Sheldon does not understand why he had a heart attack. He is not overweight, does not smoke, and exercises regularly. When you suggest stress as a possible factor, he is correct when he says that this cannot be the case.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Which of the following is NOT true when speaking of the relationship between religion and health?
A) Religious involvement causes an improvement in health according to research.
B) Religion can provide a buffer against stress and help people cope with difficulties.
C) Religious thoughts play a role in maintaining hope and stimulating motivation.
D) Religious involvement promotes social connections and can prevent isolation.
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Page 19