Foundations of Psychology Final Exam
Course Introduction
Foundations of Psychology provides an introduction to the scientific study of human behavior and mental processes. This course explores key psychological concepts, major theoretical perspectives, and foundational research methods. Topics include biological bases of behavior, learning, perception, memory, development, motivation, personality, and psychopathology. Students will gain a broad understanding of how psychologists investigate thought, emotion, and action, and will be equipped to critically evaluate psychological research and its applications in everyday life.
Recommended Textbook
Psychology An Exploration 2nd Edition by Saundra K. Ciccarelli
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13 Chapters
4381 Verified Questions
4381 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: The Science of Psychology
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361 Verified Questions
361 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Critical thinking requires making judgments that are well reasoned and well thought out.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) A researcher designs an experiment to test the effects of playing video games on memory.What would be the dependent variable?
A)scores on a memory test
B)playing video games
C)number of hours spent playing video games
D)the type of video game played
Answer: A
Q3) If explanation of the causes of thoughts,feelings,and behavior is a psychologist's goal,then the __________ method of research should be used.
A)correlational
B)experimental
C)survey
D)naturalistic observation
Answer: B
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Page 3
Chapter 2: The Biological Perspective
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Sample Questions
Q1) The central nervous system consists of __________.
A)the parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions
B)the brain and spinal cord
C)muscles and glands
D)sense organs and sensory neurons
Answer: B
Q2) If Darren's brain is like that of most people,then language will be handled by his
A)corpus callosum
B)occipital lobe
C)right hemisphere
D)left hemisphere
Answer: D
Q3) Endorphins
A)are found where neurons meet skeletal muscles
B)are less powerful than enkaphalins
C)reduce pain messages in the brain
D)are radically different in function from neurotransmitters
Answer: C
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Sensation and Perception
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Sample Questions
Q1) A student takes a drug that distorts perception.He holds up his hand right in front of his face.Horrified he yells,"I have a giant hand!" The drug most likely interfered with
A)size constancy
B)shape constancy
C)brightness constancy
D)color constancy
Answer: A
Q2) The Müller-Lyer illusion exists in cultures in which there are ___________.
A)more men than women
B)more women than men
C)lots of telephone poles
D)buildings with lots of corners
Answer: D
Q3) Endorphins are the neurotransmitters that ____________.
A)control your muscles
B)generate pain sensations
C)act as a natural version of morphine
D)excite the ventral horn of the spinal cord
Answer: C
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Chapter 4: Learning
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Sample Questions
Q1) The person most directly associated with operant conditioning is ______.
A)Pavlov
B)Watson
C)Thorndike
D)Skinner
Q2) Anything that increases the likelihood that a behavior will increase is called a(n)_______.
A)aversive control
B)punishment
C)antecedent
D)reinforcer
Q3) The process by which experience or practice results in a relatively permanent change in behavior or potential behavior is known as __________.
A)learning
B)intelligence formation
C)imprinting
D)cognition
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Chapter 5: Memory
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Sample Questions
Q1) People with dementia typically have a memory problem known as ____________.
A)amygdaloid amnesia
B)inferograde amnesia
C)retrograde amnesia
D)anterograde amnesia
Q2) Talya,a psychology major,just conducted a survey for class where she asked students about their opinions regarding evolution.When Talya thinks back on this experience,which of the following statements is accurate?
A)Talya will be using her episodic memory only.
B)Talya will be using her semantic memory only.
C)Talya's ability to recall the factual details about the survey illustrates episodic memory,while her recollections of talking with the students illustrates semantic memory
D)Talya's ability to recall the factual details about the survey illustrates semantic memory,while her recollections of talking with the students illustrates episodic memory
Q3) Declarative memory can be divided into short-term memory and working memory.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 6: Consciousness and Cognition
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Sample Questions
Q1) The phrase "I tried" has __________.
A)one morpheme
B)two morphemes
C)three morphemes
D)four morphemes
Q2) The hormone melatonin reaches peak levels in the body during the ___________.
A)morning
B)early evening
C)afternoon
D)night
Q3) __________,a hormone involved in the regulation of circadian rhythms,is secreted by the pineal gland.
A)Serotonin
B)Testosterone
C)Estrogen
D)Melatonin
Q4) Almost everyone goes through the same stages of slee
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 7: Development Across the Life Span
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Sample Questions
Q1) Your little sister picks up objects,feels every part of them,and then puts them in her mouth.What stage of Jean Piaget's model of cognitive development does this behavior suggest she is in?
A)concrete operations
B)sensorimotor
C)preoperational
D)formal operations
Q2) Erikson's intimacy vs.isolation crisis would most likely be associated with which event in the family cycle?
A)your last child leaving home
B)your first child leaving home
C)marrying
D)adolescence
Q3) ________ is the behavior associated with being male or female.
A)Sex
B)Gender identity
C)Gender role
D)Gender
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Chapter 8: Motivation and Emotion
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to the _______ theory,arousal of organs and the experience of emotion are simultaneous.
A)Schacter and Singer
B)Cannon-Bard
C)James-Lange
D)appraisal
Q2) Note the following sequence of events: Emotional stimulus-->thalamus-->simultaneous physiological arousal and emotional experience.The order of occurrences summarizes the _______ theory of emotion.
A)James-Lange
B)Cannon-Bard
C)Activation
D)Jukebox
Q3) The idea that bodily arousal and the experience of emotion arise in tandem forms the essence of ________.
A)LeDoux's theory
B)cognitive theory
C)James-Lange theory
D)Cannon-Bard theory
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Page 10
Chapter 9: Stress and Health
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following methods of acculturation will most likely result in the highest degree of acculturative stress?
A)completely adopting the values and customs of the new culture
B)living a life that does not depend on adopting any set of values and customs
C)rejecting the majority culture's ways and maintaining one's original cultural identity
D)developing a new set of values that is a compromise between the old and the new cultures
Q2) When faced with an approach-avoidance conflict,some people tend to go back and forth with their choice because they cannot decide for or against the goal or event.This mind-changing behavior is called _____________.
A)vacillating
B)alternating
C)dichotomizing
D)avoiding
Q3) Type B personality is characterized by competitiveness,high ambition,hostility,and irritability.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 10: Social Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Sarah found her soul mate,Jon,when she moved to a small town in Florida.According to research in interpersonal attraction,the most likely explanation for them to "find" each other is __________.
A)karma.
B)personal attractiveness.
C)fate.
D)proximity.
Q2) If a person sees a victim in dire need,but doesn't know how to help,that person will most likely:
A)stay with the victim.
B)do nothing.
C)go for help.
D)attempt to offer first aid.
Q3) Sets of assumptions that people have about how different types of people,personality traits,and actions are all related to each other are called
A)social categorization.
B)implicit personality theories.
C)urban legends.
D)stereotypes.
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Chapter 11: Theories of Personality and Intelligence
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Sample Questions
Q1) If a person becomes a Catholic priest or nun because of latent homosexual desires,their occupational choice might represent which defense mechanism?
A)sublimation
B)displacement
C)reaction formation
D)projection
Q2) What are the Big Five personality traits?
A)conscientiousness,openness,agreeableness,extraversion,dominance
B)openness,conscientiousness,extraversion,agreeableness,and neuroticism
C)sensation seeking,conscientiousness,openness,agreeableness,dominance
D)neuroticism,psychoticism,extraversion,agreeableness,and conscientiousness
Q3) Picasso's paintings often contained exaggerated sexual symbolism.This way of expressing a basic impulse in a socially praiseworthy fashion illustrates the use of
A)displacement
B)sublimation
C)projection
D)reaction formation
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Chapter 12: Psychological Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) The _______ approach to psychological disorders was developed by Sigmund Freud.
A)psychodynaamic B)learning
C)cognitive D)systems
Q2) The term affect is used by psychologists to refer to ________.
A)thought
B)emotion
C)behavior
D)intuition
Q3) The learning approach to psychological disorders suggests that:
A)we learn abnormal behaviors just as we learn other behaviors.
B)what is learned cannot be unlearned.
C)we must find the cause of a disorder before it can be treated.
D)none of the above
Q4) Ritualistic behavior is associated with which of the following disorders?
A)anxiety
B)obsessive-compulsive
C)somatoform
D)conversion
14
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Chapter 13: Psychological Therapies
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Sample Questions
Q1) You let your fingers do the walking through the Yellow Pages looking for a psychotherapist.Your attention is drawn to an advertisement for a group practice described as eclectic.When you call the receptionist to ask for a description of the practice,what will you be told?
A)"Our group focuses on clients' early life experiences."
B)"Our staff uses a combination of methods to fit the client's needs."
C)"All the professionals in this group have training in psychoanalysis."
D)"The staff is trained in the biological perspective."
Q2) A therapist challenges what she sees as her client's irrational and self-defeating thoughts.Her goal is to help her client change these thoughts into more rational,helpful,positive thoughts.In addition,she wants to help her client develop strategies that can be used to cope with future problems.She is probably a
____________ therapist.
A)cognitive-behavioral
B)person-centered
C)psychoanalytic
D)Gestalt
Q3) ECT (electroconvulsive therapy)has no effect on memory.
A)True
B)False
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