Foundations of Psychology Exam Solutions
Course Introduction
Foundations of Psychology introduces students to the scientific study of human behavior and mental processes. The course explores key psychological concepts, major theories, and core research methods used in the field. Topics include biological bases of behavior, sensation and perception, learning, memory, emotion, development, motivation, personality, and psychological disorders. Through lectures, discussions, and hands-on activities, students gain an understanding of how psychological principles apply to everyday life and develop foundational skills for further study in psychology.
Recommended Textbook Psychology 2nd Canadian Edition by Saundra
K. Ciccarelli
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15 Chapters
3308 Verified Questions
3308 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: The Science of Psychology
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218 Verified Questions
218 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The first step in a psychological experiment is developing a method.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) The class is playing a game of Jeopardy! and it is your turn."I'll take Specialties in Psychology for $300." The revealed answer is "These psychological professionals work with situations in which environmental conditions may have an impact on mental health." Just before the buzzer sounds,what will you say?
A)"What is a neuropsychologist?"
B)"What is a psychoanalyst "?
C)"What is a psychiatric social worker?
D)"What is a developmental psychologist?"
Answer: C
Q3) The goals of psychology are to:
A)explore the conscious and unconscious functions of the human mind.
B)understand,compare,and analyze human behaviour.
C)improve psychological well-being in all individuals from birth until death.
D)describe,explain,predict,and control behaviour.
Answer: D
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Page 3
Chapter 2: The Biological Perspective
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202 Verified Questions
202 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The branches at the end of the axon are called:
A)axon terminals.
B)synaptic vesicles.
C)synapses.
D)receptor sites.
Answer: A
Q2) The part of the brain located just behind the temples,containing neurons responsible for the sense of hearing and meaningful speech,is called the:
A)temporal lobes.
B)parietal lobes.
C)frontal lobes.
D)occipital lobes.
Answer: A
Q3) What are two roles of glial cells?
A)acting as insulation and providing structure to surrounding neurons
B)shaping cells and moving new neurons into place
C)regulating metabolic activity and serving as pain detectors
D)monitoring neural transmission and releasing hormones in the brain
Answer: A
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Sensation and Perception
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235 Verified Questions
235 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Our sense of taste works best when food molecules are:
A)dissolved in the salvia in our mouths.
B)smelled,not tasted.
C)combined so that four basic tastes are present.
D)presented in pure form so that only one basic taste is involved.
Answer: A
Q2) The longest wavelengths we can see are found at the ______ end of the colour spectrum.
A)red
B)blue-violet
C)green
D)yellow
Answer: A
Q3) The tendency to complete figures that are incomplete is known as:
A)figure-ground relationship.
B)closure.
C)similarity.
D)continuity.
Answer: B
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Consciousness: Sleep, Dreams, Hypnosis, and Drugs
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216 Verified Questions
216 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Nicotine is a:
A)stimulant.
B)depressant.
C)narcotic.
D)psychogenic drug.
Q2) Melatonin is to ___________ as an aspirin is to ____________.
A)anxiety; nightmare
B)dreaming; blood clots
C)insomnia; headache
D)sleep apnea; blood thinner
Q3) The "date rape" drug,Rohypnol,is one of the:
A)major tranquilizers.
B)barbiturates.
C)minor tranquilizers.
D)opiates.
Q4) Caffeine is a:
A)stimulant.
B)depressant.
C)narcotic.
D)psychogenic drug.
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Chapter 5: Learning
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211 Verified Questions
211 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) An illusion is:
A)the same thing as a vision.
B)due to the action of the rods versus the cones in the retina.
C)a perception that does not correspond to reality.
D)something that you dreamed.
Q2) The kind of learning that applies to voluntary behaviour is:
A)operant conditioning.
B)classical conditioning.
C)observational learning.
D)experiential learning.
Q3) According to B.F.Skinner,negative reinforcement of a response makes you more likely to continue to make that response.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Current views of conditioning by psychologists,such as Rescorla,indicate that learning is completely automatic and has nothing to do with cognitive processes.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 6: Memory
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252 Verified Questions
252 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) General knowledge,language,and concepts are seen as parts of ___________ memory/memories.
A)episodic
B)procedural
C)declarative
D)semantic
Q2) Elaborative rehearsal is defined as the rote repetition of material in order to maintain its availability in memory.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The constructive processing effect refers to the tendency of people who are asked misleading questions or given misleading information to incorporate that information into their memories for a particular event.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Iconic memory allows the eye to fuse the images from each tiny movement of the eye into a smooth,continuous pattern.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 7: Cognition: Thinking, Intelligence, and Language
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213 Verified Questions
213 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) It would take the same amount of time to correctly identify an olive as a fruit as it would to correctly identify an apple as a fruit.
A)True
B)False
Q2) According to the research cited in your text,which statement is true regarding the cognitive benefits derived from bilingualism?
A)Bilingualism in children leads to higher GPAs and better academic performance.
B)Bilingual older adults have been found to maintain higher levels of cognitive control beyond 60 years of age.
C)Bilingualism in children leads to a greater capacity for mathematical thinking and skills.
D)Bilingual older adults have higher recovery rates from strokes where language capacity has been affected.
Q3) People who live in the Mediterranean might include _____ as a fruit prototype.
A)bananas
B)mangos
C)pineapples
D)olives
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9
Chapter 8: Development Across the Life Span
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266 Verified Questions
266 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A researcher who studies different age groups,or cohorts,at one time is using the cross-sectional design.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Mary Ainsworth observed that securely attached infants:
A)do not seem to care when the mother leaves the room and do not seek her out on her return.
B)protest loudly when the mother leaves but resist contact with her when she returns.
C)cry if the mother leaves the room,are easily soothed,and welcome her back when she returns.
D)are not concerned upon separation but cry to be picked up and held on her return.
Q3) Bertha's parents set firm limits on her behaviour but show her consistent affection and respect.This best illustrates which of the following parenting styles?
A)authoritarian
B)permissive neglectful
C)permissive indulgent
D)authoritative
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10
Chapter 9: Motivation and Emotion
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273 Verified Questions
273 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to Kinsey,what percentage of husbands reported anal sex with their wives?
A)11 percent
B)14 percent
C)92 percent
D)26 percent
Q2) According to Kinsey,what percentage of women reported bisexual experiences?
A)11 percent
B)6 to 14 percent
C)92 percent
D)26 to 40 percent
Q3) The growth spurt in female puberty usually starts at around _______ years of age.
A)8 to 10
B)10 to 12
C)12 to 14
D)14 to 16
Q4) A stimulus motive is learned.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 10: Stress and Health
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192 Verified Questions
192 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Action meant to harm or destroy is referred to as:
A)persistence.
B)displacement.
C)varying efforts.
D)aggression.
Q2) One of the most startling implications of Selye's theory is that:
A)psychological stress may cause diseases such as ulcers and high blood pressure.
B)most people are able to effectively cope with long-term stress.
C)sensitivity to stress is genetically programmed.
D)self-actualization tendencies lead to severe stress.
Q3) Neurons that fire apart:
A)wire together.
B)fire together.
C)are in sync.
D)wire apart.
Q4) Stress inoculation training is an emotion-focused coping strategy.
A)True
B)False
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Page 12
Chapter 11: Theories of Personality
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209 Verified Questions
209 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Steve is extremely uptight and compulsively neat and orderly.According to Freudian theory,he became fixated at the oral stage of psychosexual development.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Using Hofstede's terms,how would you describe a cultural personality in which the majority of the members of the culture accept that power is in the hands of the few?
A)individualistic
B)high in power distance
C)masculine
D)low in power distance
Q3) Many have compared Freud's idea of the mind to an iceberg.If that were the case and you were standing on the deck of a ship in Alaska,what part of the mind would you see above the water?
A)ego
B)superego
C)id
D)preconscious
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Chapter 12: Social Psychology
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220 Verified Questions
220 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Attributions are:
A)reasons people make for why they and others do what they do.
B)innate personality traits.
C)genetic predispositions to behave a certain way.
D)physical qualities people have such as attractiveness.
Q2) The prime minister notices that her closest advisors never seem to disagree with her or with each other on a lot of important issues,such as arms control.She worries that she is not getting the pros and cons of different issues because her advisors are engaging in: A)compliance.
B)intrinsic reinforcement.
C)latent learning.
D)groupthink.
Q3) We tend to ___ attractive people more than we do less attractive people.
A)like
B)dislike
C)ignore
D)hate
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Page 14
Chapter 13: Psychological Disorders
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240 Verified Questions
240 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Delusions of ________ are false beliefs held by a person who is convinced that others are trying to hurt them in some way.
A)persecution
B)grandeur
C)reference
D)influence
Q2) During the Middle Ages,abnormal behaviour was believed to result from:
A)inbreeding.
B)demon possession.
C)disease organisms.
D)body fluid imbalance.
Q3) Which of the following is an anxiety disorder?
A)bipolar disorder
B)conversion disorder
C)phobic disorder
D)schizophrenia
Q4) Excessive worry is a feature of mood disorders.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 14: Psychological Therapies
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221 Verified Questions
221 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Gary takes antipsychotic drugs to control the symptoms of schizophrenia.After taking the drug for some time,he begins exhibiting repetitive,involuntary jerks and movements of his face,lips,and legs.Gary is showing signs of:
A)savant syndrome.
B)tardive dyskinesia.
C)a clozapine overdose.
D)neuroleptic malignant syndrome.
Q2) Electroconvulsive therapy causes memory loss because it disrupts the process of consolidation and prevents the formation of long-term memories.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Bilateral cingulotomy has been performed in cases of ________ that have not responded to other therapy techniques.
A)antisocial personality disorder
B)major depression
C)schizophrenia
D)panic disorder
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Chapter 15: Psychology and Human Development
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140 Verified Questions
140 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Freud's refusal to believe his patients who said they were sexually molested as children is an example of:
A)the horn effect.
B)unconscious motives.
C)interviewer bias.
D)the halo effect.
Q2) Which of the following describes the embryonic period?
A)the period during which the zygote moves down to the uterus and begins to implant in the lining
B)the period during which the major organs and structures of the organism first develop
C)the period during which the umbilical cord develops
D)the period during which tremendous growth occurs and the organs continue to develop and become functional
Q3) Eye-movement desensitization reprocessing (EMDR)is primarily used for treatment of:
A)schizophrenia.
B)post-traumatic stress disorder.
C)depression.
D)bipolar disorder.
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Page 17