Foundations of Psychology Exam Practice Tests
Course Introduction
Foundations of Psychology offers an in-depth exploration into the scientific study of behavior and mental processes. This course introduces students to key psychological concepts, theories, and research methods, covering areas such as biological bases of behavior, perception, learning, memory, development, and social influences. Emphasis is placed on understanding how psychological principles apply to everyday life and how empirical research contributes to our growing knowledge of human thought and behavior. Students will also examine historical perspectives and current trends within the field, preparing them for further studies in psychology and related disciplines.
Recommended Textbook
Discovering Psychology The Science of Mind 3rd Edition by John T. Cacioppo
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16 Chapters
1942 Verified Questions
1942 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: The Science of Mind the Discipline of Psychology
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117 Verified Questions
117 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following research questions is most likely to be asked by a cognitive psychologist?
A)To what extent is student learning influenced by the sociocultural makeup of the class?
B)Do students learn material better when the learning takes place over time or when they "cram" for an exam?
C)Which stress reduction techniques are most effective for college students to reduce the stress of balancing academic and social demands?
D)Are there common characteristics among students who graduate in the top 1% of their class?
Answer: B
Q2) The psychological perspective that investigates how physical structure and behavior have been shaped by their contributions to survival and reproduction is called ____ psychology.
A)biological
B)social
C)evolutionary
D)clinical
Answer: C
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Chapter 2: The Measure of Mind Methods of Psychology
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121 Verified Questions
121 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Jadea,a medical school student,is assisting a psychology professor with a research study on the physiological and psychological reactions to violence in blockbuster films.After a participant views a film clip,she administers some basic tests.Which of the following is the most subjective result?
A)The participant's blood pressure is 140/90.
B)The participant describes the level of film violence as 8 on a scale of 0 to 10.
C)The participant's heart rate is 75.
D)The participant has perspiration on her brow and her pupils are dilated.
Answer: B
Q2) The numerical average of a set of scores is the ____.
A)mean
B)median
C)mode
D)norm
Answer: A
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4
Chapter 3: The Evolving Mind Nature and Nurture
Intertwined
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109 Verified Questions
109 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following best describes the relationship between evolutionary forces and behavior?
A)Evolutionary forces influence simple physical traits and simple behaviors,but not complex behaviors.
B)Although behavior is complex,evolutionary forces influence both physical traits and behavior.
C)Because behaviors have no genetic component,evolutionary forces are irrelevant in shaping behavior.
D)The idea that evolutionary forces can mold behavior has come to light only in the last decade.
Answer: B
Q2) The development of traits that help an individual compete for mates is referred to as ____.
A)fertility fitness
B)procreative agility
C)sexual selection
D)reproductive ratio
Answer: C
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Chapter 4: The Biological Mind the Physical Basis of Behavior
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139 Verified Questions
139 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Rima washes her hands repeatedly,unable to find relief from the thought that they are dirty or contaminated.This obsessive behavior may be related to a disorder of the
A)thalamus
B)hippocampus
C)nucleus accumbens
D)basal ganglia
Q2) What is an accurate statement regarding interneurons found in the central nervous system?
A)They form bridges between sensory and motor neurons.
B)They block motor output to allow for sensory input.
C)They block sensory input to allow for motor output.
D)They act as either sensory or motor neurons.
Q3) The ____ lies above the medulla and contains structures involved with the management of ____.
A)cerebellum;sensory reflexes,movement,and pain
B)midbrain;heart rate and blood pressure
C)pons;sleep,arousal and facial expressions
D)brain stem;balance and motor coordination
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Q4) Compare and contrast the function and source of neurotransmitters and hormones.
Chapter 5: The Perceiving Mind Sensation and Perception
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127 Verified Questions
127 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Thad returns home from class on a hot summer's evening,turns on the air conditioner full blast,and sits down to watch television.His roommate Sean returns home an hour later and wonders how Thad can hear the television above the loud noise of the air conditioner.Thad remarks that he doesn't even notice the sound.Which process causes the air conditioner to seem louder to Sean than to Thad?
A)Transduction
B)Perception
C)Sensory adaptation
D)Sensation
Q2) As people age,what alters their perception of color?
A)Rods begin to outnumber cones.
B)The iris loses elasticity.
C)The lens begins to turn yellow.
D)The shape of the cornea becomes distorted.
Q3) Loss of hearing occurs first at
A)higher frequencies.
B)frequencies below 80 Hz.
C)mid frequencies.
D)low frequencies.
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Page 7
Chapter 6: The Aware Mind Elements of Consciousness
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115 Verified Questions
115 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Duke is exhausted and plops down on the couch.Fifteen minutes after falling asleep,Duke is not awakened by the refrigerator cycling on.He is,however,awakened by his roommate opening the refrigerator door.What type of brain waveforms did Duke display right before being awakened?
A)Delta waves
B)Theta waves
C)Beta waves
D)Theta waves with sleep spindles and K-complexes
Q2) Patti finds her husband Derek asleep in his recliner.She gently touches his shoulder and says,"Derek,wake-up;the dog needs to go out." Derek abruptly responds,"Patti,I am awake!" What type of brain waveforms did Derek display right before being awakened?
A)Delta waves
B)Theta waves
C)Beta waves
D)Alpha waves with sleep spindles and K-complexes
Q3) Describe the following disorders and list the causes and/or predisposing factors for each: night terrors,onset insomnia,maintenance insomnia,narcolepsy,and cataplexy.
Q4) Compare and contrast a comatose state with a vegetative state.
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Page 8
Chapter 7: The Feeling Mind Emotion and Motivation
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113 Verified Questions
113 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Nicole tells her gynecologist that lately she has had no sexual desire.Nicole and her gynecologist discuss the possibility of using a hormone patch to address her sexual dysfunction.This hormone patch likely uses which hormone?
A)Testosterone
B)Estrogen
C)Progesterone
D)Follicle stimulating hormone
Q2) After a night of eating a gallon of ice cream and potato chips,Stephen takes laxatives to purge the ingested food from his body.Stephen,like many others who suffer from bulimia nervosa,is likely to feel what after purging?
A)Relief and calm
B)A heightened sense of control
C)Depression and disgust
D)Elation and arousal
Q3) Explain how the feeling of loneliness acts as an aversive signal that evolved to warn humans they are facing a threat.
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9
Chapter 8: The Adaptive Mind Learning
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Sample Questions
Q1) When a conditioned stimulus can predict the nonoccurrence of an unconditioned stimulus,this is referred to as ____.
A)extinction
B)inhibition
C)latent inhibition
D)discrimination
Q2) An environmental cue or event whose significance is learned is referred to as a(n)____.
A)unconditioned stimulus
B)conditioned stimulus
C)characteristic stimulus
D)uncharacteristic stimulus
Q3) An inborn pattern of behavior elicited by environmental stimuli is known as A)associative learning.
B)an instinct.
C)a reflex.
D)imitation.
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Chapter 9: The Knowing Mind Memory
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Sample Questions
Q1) Long-term potentiation shares many features with memory,such as being ____.
A)slow to form and subject to forgetting and decay
B)long-lasting and formed after a very brief exposure to stimuli
C)malleable and subject to persuasion
D)organized in accordance with the spreading activation model
Q2) Ashley is studying a list of vocabulary words for her psychology exam.Which of the following would be most effective for recalling definitions during the exam?
A)Cues based on her own experiences
B)Cues provided by the textbook
C)Cues suggested by her study partner
D)Cues recommended by her professor
Q3) All tasks involve a process known as
A)cue-reliance.
B)recognize-recite.
C)generate-recognize.
D)analyze-recognize.
Q4) What is interference and what role does it play in the formation of memories? Discuss examples of memory loss due to interference.
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Chapter 10: The Thinking Mind Thinking, Language, and Intelligence
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Sample Questions
Q1) Evaluation is an ongoing process,but it is especially important ____.
A)when following an algorithm
B)once a solution has been fully implemented
C)when assessing and understanding a problem
D)while making a plan
Q2) Careful formulation of a problem may help to avoid distractions from ____.
A)personal biases
B)generating diverse solutions
C)numerous heuristics
D)functional fixedness
Q3) Jenner has a dream of devoting his career to the reduction and eventual elimination of HIV/AIDS.What does the text recommend as an approach to address a substantial,large-scale problem such as HIV/AIDS?
A)Plan a global summit of the world's wealthiest nations to develop a strategy.
B)Break the problem down into component parts with intermediate and long-term goals.
C)Prepare a single initial plan to address all aspects of the problem concurrently.
D)Request proposals from interested parties and countries on how to address the problem.
Page 12
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Chapter 11: The Developing Mind Life Span Development
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127 Verified Questions
127 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is an accurate definition of accommodation?
A)The ability to form mental representations of objects that are no longer present
B)The incorporation of new learning into an existing schema,without the need to revise the schema
C)The ability to understand that changing the form or appearance of an object does not change its quantity
D)The incorporation of new learning into an existing schema that requires revision of the schema
Q2) The ectoderm develops into ____.
A)muscle and skeleton
B)nerve tissue and skin
C)endocrine and respiratory organs
D)reproductive and excretory organs
Q3) Dante and Linda are taking their children to the county zoo.Their oldest,Jessie,is 12,their middle child,Jamie,is 8,and their youngest,Jazz is 4.Describe how the different levels of cognitive development will influence their children's experience of visiting the zoo.Include in your response Piaget's concepts of egocentrism,conservation,assimilation,and accommodation.
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Chapter 12: The Individual Mind Personality and the Self
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Sample Questions
Q1) Research showing that situations can exert a stronger influence on people's behavior than any individual predispositions highlights the ____.
A)accuracy of the general trait approach
B)power of the id
C)limits of the general trait approach
D)human need for self-actualization
Q2) Of the following examples,who illustrates one key contribution that Alfred Adler made to psychodynamic thought?
A)Gertrude,who is proud of her parents' rise from "poverty to PhDs," and often tells people about their success
B)Maia,who is ashamed that she grew up in a very poor family,and,to hide this,tells people instead that her well-to-do family always sent her to private schools
C)Faluh,who is somewhat self-conscious about her prominent nose,but takes pride in her resemblance to her grandfather
D)Rachel,who tends to eat,drink,and smoke to excess,which may reflect an unresolved conflict in her early development
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Chapter 13: The Connected Mind Social Psychology
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124 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) What might be a purpose of the mere exposure effect from an evolutionary perspective?
A)To avoid unfamiliar and possibly dangerous stimuli
B)To reduce prejudice among different peoples
C)To encourage openness to new and possibly beneficial stimuli
D)To reduce rates of reproduction
Q2) A weakness in the notion of the fundamental attribution error is that
A)people ignore dispositional factors when making attributions.
B)in many cases we have ample evidence to make an attribution,but we ignore the evidence.
C)research support for the idea that situational factors are totally neglected when making attributions is lacking.
D)most people do not attribute behavior to either situational or dispositional factors.
Q3) Rules for behavior in social settings,which are usually unwritten or unspoken,are called ____.
A)conventional behaviors
B)social norms
C)codes
D)customs
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Page 15
Chapter 14: The Troubled Mind Psychological Disorders
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124 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) A dissociative disorder is characterized by disruptions in a person's ____.
A)beliefs,processing,or memory
B)identity,memory,or consciousness
C)relationships,perceptions,and sleep
D)visual and auditory processing
Q2) What is a weakness of the theory that the interpretation of body symptoms,such as an increased heart rate,could lead to increasing anxiety and,ultimately,to panic?
A)Patients are more worried about appearing weird than about heart attacks.
B)Panic does not increase levels of the stress hormone cortisol.
C)Patients are not affected by an injection of sodium lactate.
D)Panic does not increase levels of the neurotransmitter orexin.
Q3) Of the following,who is demonstrating a compulsion?
A)Dan,who has a precise,daily coffee-making routine that cannot be disrupted
B)Connie,who has repeated doubts as to whether she turned the stove off before she left for work
C)Peter,who keeps picturing himself hitting his boss
D)Tom,who worries about the contamination on other people's hands and on door knobs at his office
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Chapter 15: Healing the Troubled Mind Therapy
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124 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Jeffrey is serving a 25-year prison term for conspiracy to commit murder.While incarcerated,he is diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder.The prison psychiatrist prescribes barbiturates for Jeffrey.What is the most likely reason for the psychiatrist's decision to prescribe barbiturates?
A)To decrease Tom's impulsivity
B)To treat Tom's depression
C)To decrease Tom's aggressive behavior
D)To help Tom learn to empathize with others
Q2) Barbiturates were once commonly used to treat anxiety;however,they are not ideal because they ____.
A)are highly addictive
B)are not very effective
C)can cause seizures
D)increase the risk of stroke
Q3) Early treatments for hysteria focused on A)hypnosis.
B)biochemistry.
C)spiritualism.
D)evolutionary adaptation.
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Page 17
Chapter 16: The Healthy Mind Stress and Coping, Health
Psychology, and Positive Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Sitting predicts risk of death independently from a person's level of exercise.Based on the average person who sits 55% of their day,how many in that group would have died after 13 years of follow-up?
A)About 7%
B)About 9%
C)About 13%
D)About 19%
Q2) During the year after graduating high school,Kevin found himself frequently arguing with his father about wanting to take a year off before starting college.Now when he visits on Saturdays,Kevin tries to engage his father in conversations about their favorite sports teams.This is an example of ____.
A)positive problem-focused coping
B)negative relationship-focused coping
C)positive relationship-focused coping
D)negative problem-focused coping
Q3) Describe the process by which excess cortisol can accumulate in the bloodstream due to chronic stress,after its release by the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA)axis.What are some of the adverse health effects of excess cortisol?
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